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NEW YORK: 

E. B. TREAT & COMPANY, 
No. 654 Broadway. 



THE NATIONAL ^ ^^ 

POLITICAL MANUAL 



COMPKISING 



FACTS AI^D FIGUEES, 

HISTOEIOAL, DOOUMEIfTAKY, 

STATISTICAL, POLITICAL, 

FROM THE FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT TO 
THE PRESENT TIME. 

WITH A FULL OHROUOLOGY OF THE EEBELLION. i 
FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER SOURCES,' 



By E. B. TKEAT. 

u 



ILLUSTRATED. 






NEW YORK: 
E. B. TREAT, 805 BEOADWAY. 

H. C. WRIGHT, ST. LOUIS, MO. ; IRA S. SMITH, CHICAGO, ILL. ; 

RANDALL & FISH, DETROIT, MICH. ; A. L. BANCROFT 

& CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

1872. 



f-_^/'^. -'^ 



Ealcred, accordinpf to Act of Congresa, in the year 1872, by 

E. B. TREAT, 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



POOLE & MACLAUCHLAN, PRINTEES, 
205 to 213 Kast 12th St 



PKEFACE 



This book appeals to the patriotic sentiments of 
all classes of readers. In its pages will be found 
those words of burning eloquence which lighted the 
fires of the American Eevolution, stirring the hearts 
of our fathers to do battle for our independence; 
the words of wisdom which brought our ship of state 
safely through the storms of strife into the calms of 
peace, and all of the most important speeches and 
proclamations of our statesmen which guided our 
country during critical periods of our political life. 
It is a book of our country as a whole ; all must 
read it with emotions of gratitude and pride at the 
grandeur and stability of our institutions as exempli- 
fied by the eloquent words of the statesmen and 
leading spirits of the great Republic. 

First in its pages, appropriately, will be found 
the " Declaration of Independence," the great corner 



VI PEEFACE. 

Btone of American liberty ; and as a fitting close, 
one of our most distinguished historians has fur- 
nished a " History of the Flag,"— the Flag of the 
Union, the sacred emblem around which are clus- 
tered the memories of the thousands of heroes who 
have struggled to sustain it untarnished against both 
foreign and domestic foes. To the Declaration of 
Independence, Constitution of the United States, 
and Washington's Farewell Address — truly " Key 
Notes to American Liberty " — have been added 
many important proclamations and congressional 
acts of a later day, namely : President Jackson's 
famous ITullification Proclamation to South Caro- 
lina, The Monroe Doctrine, Dred Scott Decision, 
ISTeutrality laws, with numerous documents, state 
papers and statistical matter growing out of the late 
Bebellion ; all of which will be read with new and 
ever increasing interest. And as long as our 
Republic endures, these pages will be cherished as 
the representative of all that is great and good in 
our country ; and will prove incentives to our chil- 
dren to follow in the footsteps of the patriots by 
whose genius and valor our institutions have been 
cherished and preserved, and liberty, like water 
made to run throughout the land free to all. 



CONTENTS. 



»-«-• . 

PAGE 

Declaration op Independence 9 

Constitution of the United States 18 

Amendments to the Constitution 89 

Constitutional Amendment Abolishing Slavery 44 

Amendment concerning Reconstruction, Rights of 

Citizens, &c 48 

The Ordnance op 1787 51 

The Fugitive Slave Bill op 1793 53 

Tub Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850 , 55 

The Missouri Compromise 67 

Constitutional Amendment — No Distinction in Color 68 

Battles of the Revolution 69 

Inaugural Address op George Washington 70 

Washington's Farewell Address 77 

President Jackson's Proclamation to South Carolina 105 

Monroe Doctrine 144 

Dred Scott Decision 146 

Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United 

States, with the Popular Vote for Each 154 

Popular Names of States 166 

Statement op the Public Debt of the United 

States, for Thirteen Years, ending June 1st, 1872. 167 

Neutrality Law op the United States 168 

Population of the United States at each Decade 

for Half a Century 176 

Population of our Largest Cities (New Census) 177 

Slave Population in the United States in I860.. 178 

Statistics of Slavery before the Revolution 178 

Speech of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, — His Last Words 

FOR THE Union 179 

President Lincoln's First Call for Troops 186 

Total Number op Troops called into Service during 

the Rebellion 188 



Vlll CX)NTENTS. 

PAGE 

Resolutions op the N. Y. Chambeb op Commerce. ... 189 

Blockade Proclamation, by President Lincoln 194 

Emancipation Proclamation 197 

Confiscation Act 201 

First Inaugural Address op President Lincoln 204 

Balance Sheet of the Government, before and 

since the War, 1859 and 1865 221 

President Lincoln's Second and Last Inaugural 

Address. 222 

President Lincoln's Proclamation op Amnesty 22G 

President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation 232 

President Johnson's Peace Proclamation 237 

The Civil Rights Bill 239 

Freedmen's Bureau Bill 248 

Provost Marshal-General's Report op the Killed 

AND Wounded during the Rebellion 261 

The United States Army, showing the number op 
men furnished prom each State during the 

Rebellion 265 

History op the Flag 266 

Important Events op the Rebellion 274 

Chronological Table op the Battles ajstd Skir- 
mishes OP THE War, — SHOWING the Commanding 

Officers and Loss on each side 280 

List of Vessels Captured and Destroyed for Vio- 
lation OP the Blockade or in Battle 319 

Union Vessels Captured or Destroyed by the dif- 
ferent Confederate Privateers 352 

The Various Reconstruction Measures op Congress. 361 

Tenure op Office Bill 381 

President Johnson's Veto 386 

The Bankruptcy Act 398 

Statistics op the States and Territories 403 

The Popular Electoral Vote op 1860 ai^d 1864, 1868 . 406 



lATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

In Congeess, July 4, 1776. 
By the Bepresentatives of the United States, in Congress assembled. 

A DECLARATION. 

"When, in the course of human events, it becomes 

necessary for one people to dissolve the political 

bands which have connected them with another, and 

to assume among the powers of the earth the separate 

imd equal station to which the laws of nature and of 

nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the 

opinions of mankind requires that they should declare 

the causes which impel them to the separation. 
1# 



10 NATIONAL BAND-BOOK. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident : — tliat all 
men are created equal ; that they are endowed by 
their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that 
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- 
piness ; that to secure these rights, governments are 
instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed; that whenever any 
form of government becomes destructive of these 
ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish 
it, and to institute a new government, laying its 
foundation on such principles, and organizing its 
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most 
likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, 
indeed, will dictate that governments long estab- 
lished should not be changed for light and transient 
causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown 
that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils 
are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing 
the forms to which they are accustomed. But when 
a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing 
invariably the same object, evinces a design to 
; reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their 
right, it is their duty, to throw off such government 
and to provide new guards for their future security 
Such has been the patient sufferance of these col- 
onies; and such is now the necessity which con 
strains them to alter their former system of govern- 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 11 

ment. The history of the present King of Great 
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- 
tions, all having in direct object the establishment of 
an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove 
this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- 
some and necessary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of 
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended 
in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; 
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to 
attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- 
modation of large districts of people, unless those 
people would relinquish the right of representation 
in the legislature — a right inestimable to them, and 
formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places 
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi- 
tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of ^ 
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, 
for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on 
the right of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such disso- 
lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the 
legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 



12 NATIONAL -HAND-BOOK. 

returned to the people at large for their exercise ; 
the State remainingj iu the mean time, exposed to 
all the danger of invasion from without and convul- 
sions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of 
these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws 
for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass 
others to encourage their migration hither, and 
raising the conditions of new appropriations of 
lands. 

He has obstructed the .administration of justice, 
by refusing his assent to laws for establishing 
judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone 
for the tenure of their offices and the amount and 
payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and 
sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people 
and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand- 
ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military indepen- 
dent of and superior to the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a 
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac- 
knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their 
acts of pretended legislation, — 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 13 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops 
among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pun- 
ishment for any murders which they should commit 
on the inhabitants of these States : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
world : 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits 
of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for 
pretended offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English law in 
a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- 
trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so 
as to render it at once an example and fit instrument 
for introducing the same absolute rule into these 
colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our 
most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the 
forms of our government : 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declar- 
ing themselves invested with power to legislate for 
us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here by declaring 
us out of his protection, and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 



14 NATIONAL .HAND-BOOK. 

burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our 
people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of 
foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, 
desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- 
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in 
the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken 
captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their 
country, to become the executioners of their friends 
ai]d brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst 
us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants 
of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- 
tion of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have peti- 
tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our 
petitions have been answered only by repeated 
injury. A prince whose character is thus marked 
by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to 
be the ruler of a free people. 

]^or have we been wanting in attention to our 
British brethren. We have warned them, from time 
to time, of attempts made by their legislature to 
extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We 



DECLAKATION OF INDEPEITOENCE. 15 

have reminded them of the circumstances of our 
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed 
to their native justice and magnanimity, and we 
have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin- 
dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would 
inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- 
dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of 
justice and consanguinity. We must therefore 
acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep- 
aration, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man- 
kind, enemies in war — in peace, friends. 

We, therefore, tlie representatives of the United 
States of America, in General Congress assembled, 
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for 
the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and 
by the authority of the good people of these colonies, 
solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- 
onies are, and of good right ought to be, free and 
independent States ; that they are absolved from all 
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political 
connection between them and the State of Great 
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and 
that, as free and independent States, they have full 
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli- 
ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts 
and things which independent States may of riglit 
do. And for the support of this declaration, with a 



16 



NATIONAB HAiTD-BOOK. 



firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, 
we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our 
fortunes, and our sacred honor. 

Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress. 

JOHN HA:N^C0CK, President 
Attested, Chaeles Thompson, Secretary, 



NEW HAMPSHIEE. 

Josiah Bartlett, 
William Whipple, 
Matthew Thornton. 

MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 

Siimiiel Adams, 
John Adams, 
Robert Treat Paine, 
Eldridge Gerry. 

EHODE ISLAND, ETC. 

Stephen Hopkins, 
William EUery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger Sherman, 
Samuel Huntington, 
William WiUiams, 
Oliver Wolcott. 

NEW TOEK. 

William Floyd, 
Philip Livingston, 
Francis Lewis, 
Lewis Morris. 

NEW JEESEY. 

Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 
Abraham Clark. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert Morris, 
Benjamin Rush, 
Benjamin Franklin, 
John Morton, 
George Clymer, 
James Smith, 
George Taylor, 
James Wilson, 
George Ross. 

DELAWAEE. 

Caesar Rodney, 
George Read, 
Thomas M'Kean. 

MAEYLAND. 



Samuel Chase, 
William Paca, 
Thomas Stone, 
Charles Carroll, 



of Carrollton. 



George Wythe, 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Thomas Jefferson, 
Benjamin Harrison, 
Thomas Nelson, jr., 
Francis Lightfoot Lee, 
Carter Braxton. 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



17 



NOETH OAEOLINA. 



William Hooper, 
Joseph Hewes, 
John Penn. 



SOUTH OAllOLINA. 



Edward Rutledge, 



Thomas Hey ward, jr., 
Thomas Lynch, jr., 
Arthur Middleton. 

GEOEGIA. 

Button Gwinnett, 
Lyman Hall, 
George Walton. 



18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



"We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general wel- 
fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
United States of America. 

AETICLE I. 

§ I. — All legislative powers herein granted shall 
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which 
shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa- 
tives. 

§ II. — 1. The House of Representatives shall be 
composed of members chosen every second year by 
the people of the several States ; and the electors in 
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for 
electors of the most numerous branch of the State 
leirislature. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 19 

2. No person shall be a representative who shall 
not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and 
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the 
State in which he shall be chosen. 

3. Eepresentatives and direct taxes shall be appor- 
tioned among the several States which may be 
included within this Union, according- to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by 
adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- 
ing those bound to service for a term of years, and 
excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other 
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made 
within three years after the first meeting of the Con- 
gress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall 
by law direct. The number of representatives shall 
not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each 
State shall have at least one representative; and 
until such enumeration shall be made, the State of 
New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three ; 
MassaoImseUs^ eight ; Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations^ one ; Connecticut^ ^y^ ; New YorJx\ 
six ; Neio Jersey, four ; Pennsylvania, eight ; Dela- 
ware, one ; Maryland, six ; Virginia, ten ; North 
Carolina, five ; South Carolina, five ; Georgia, three. 
4. When vacancies happen in the representation 



20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of any State, tlie executive autliority thereof shall 
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

6. The House of Representatives shall choose 
their speaker and other officers, and shall have the 
sole power of impeachment. 

§ III. — 1. The Senate of the United States shall 
be composed of two senators from each State, chosen 
by the legislature thereof^ for six years ; and each 
senator shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in 
consequence of the first election, they shall be divi- 
ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The 
seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of the second 
class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the 
third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one third may be chosen every second year ; and if 
vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during 
the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu- 
tive thereof may make temporary appointments until 
the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then 
fill such vacancies. 

3. ISTo person shall be a Senator who shall not 
have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine 
years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for 
which he shall be chosen. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 21 

4. The Yice-President of the United States shall 
be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, 
unless thej be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, 
and also a president pro tempore in the absence of 
the Yice-President, or when he shall exercise the 
office of President of the United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try 
all impeachments, "When sitting for that purpose, 
thej shall be on oSth or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried, the chief 
justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con- 
victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the 
members present. 

7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not 
extend further than to removal from office, and dis- 
qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, 
trust, or profit under the United States; but the 
party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and 
subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punish- 
ment, according to law. 

§ lY. — 1. The times, places, and manner of hold- 
ing elections for Senators and representatives shall 
be prescribed in each State by the legislature 
thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, 
make or alter such regulations, except as to the 
places of choosing senators. 



22 NATIONxVL 4IAND-E00K. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in 
every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first 
Monday in December, unless they shall by law aj)- 
point a different day. 

§ Y. — 1. Each house shall be judge of the elec- 
tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members ; 
and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to 
do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn 
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel 
the attendance of absent members, in such manner 
and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

2. Each house may determine the rules of its 
proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be- 
havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel 
a member. 

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- 
ings, and from time to time publish the same, 
excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem- 
bers of either house on any question shall, at the 
desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the 
journal. 

4. ITeither house, during the session of Congress, 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for 
more than three days, nor to any other place than 
that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

§ YI. — 1. The senators and representatives shall 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 23 

receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- 
tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the 
United States. They shall, in all cases except 
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- 
leged from arrest during their attendance at the 
session of their respective houses, and in going to or 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or 
debate in either house they shall not be questioned 
in any other place. 

2. 'No senator or representative shall, during the 
time for which he was elected, be appointed to any 
civil office under the authority of the United States 
which shall have been created, or the emoluments 
whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; 
and no person holding any office under the United 
States shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

§ yil. — 1. All bills for raising revenue shall 
originate in the House of Representatives ; but the 
Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as 
on other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House 
of Representatives and the Senate shall, before i«t 
becomes a law, be presented to the President of the 
United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but 
if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that 
house in which it shall have originated, who shall 



!24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

enter the objections at large on tlieir joui-nal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- 
ation, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to 
the other house ; and if approved bj two-thirds of, 
that house it shall become a law. But in all such 
cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by 
yeas and nays ; and the name of the persons voting 
for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour- 
nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not 
be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- 
days excepted) after it shall have been presented to 
liim, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment, 
prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a 
law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the 
concurrence of the Senate and House of Representa- 
tives may be necessary (except on a question of 
adjournment) shall be presented to the President of 
the United States, and before the same shall take 
effect shall be approved by him, or, being disap- 
proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the 
Senate and House of Representatives, according to 
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a 
biU. 

§ YIII. — The Congress shall have power — 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 25 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and 
excises ; to pay the debts and provide for the com- 
mon defence and general welfare of the United 
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be 
uniform throughout the United States : 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United 
States : 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, 
and among the several States, and with the Indian 
tribes : 

L To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, 
and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, 
throughout the United States : 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and 
of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and 
measures : 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeit- 
ing the securities and current coin of the United 
States : 

7. To establish post offices and post roads : 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful 
arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and 
inventors the exclusive right to their respective writ- 
ings and discoveries : 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supremo 
Court : 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonies 

2 



26 NATION^ HAND-BOOK. 

committed on the high seas, and offences against the 
law of nations : 

11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and 
reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land 
and water : 

12. To raise and support armies ; but no appro- 
priation of money to that use shall be for a longer 
term than two years : 

13. To provide and maintain a navy : 

14:. To make rules for the government and reg- 
ulation of the land and naval forces : 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to 
execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, 
and repel invasions 

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disci- 
phning the militia, and for governing such part of 
them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the States respectively the 
appointment of the officers, and the authority of 
training the militia, according to the discipline pre- 
scribed by Congress : 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases 
whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten 
miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, 
and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
government of the United States, and to exercise like 
authority over all places purchased by the consent of 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 27 

tlie legislature of the State in whicli tlie same shall 
be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock 
yards, and other needful building : And, 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary 
and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing 
powers, and all other powers vested by this Consti- 
tution in the government of the United States, or in 
any department or officer thereof. 

§ IX. — 1. The migration or importation of such 
persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think 
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con- 
gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred 
and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on 
such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each 
person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus 
shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of re- 
bellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 

3. ]^o bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall 
be passed, 

4. J^o capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, 
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration 
herein before directed to be taken, 

5. In'o tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex- 
ported from any States. 'No preference shall be 
given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to 
the ports of one State over those of another ; nor 



28 NATIONAL JIAND-BOOK. 

shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged 
to enter, clear, cr pay duties in anotlier. 

G. No money shall be drawn from the treasury 
but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; 
and a regular statement and account of the receipts 
and expenditurss of all public money shall be pub- 
lished from time to time. 

7. Xo title of nobility shall be granted by tlie 
Cnited States ; and no person holding any ofhce of 
profit or trust under them shall, without the consent 
of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, 
prince, or foreign State. 

§ X. — 1. JSTo state shall enter into any treaty, 
alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque 
and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; 
make anj^ thing but gold and silver coin a tender in 
paynjent of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post 
facto law, or impairing the obligation of contracts ; 
or grant any title of nobility. 

2. 'No State shall, without the consent of Con- 
gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or 
exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for 
executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce 
of all duties and imposts laid by any State on im- 
ports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury 
of the United States ; and all such laws shall be 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 29 

subject to tlie revision and control of the Congress. 
"No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay 
any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in 
time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact 
with another State or with a foreign power, oi 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

AKTICLE n. 

§ I. — 1. The executive power shall be vested in a 
President of the United States of America. He 
shall hold his office during the term of four years, 
and, together with the Yice-President, chosen for the 
same term, be elected as follows : 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as 
the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elec- 
tors, equal to the whole number of senators and 
representatives to which the State may be entitled in 
the Congress ; but no senator or representative, or 
person holding an ofHce of trust or profit under the 
United States, shall be appointed an elector. 

3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.] 

4. The Congress may determine the time of 
choosing the electors, and the day on which they 
shall give their votes, which day shall be the same 
throuirhout the United States. 



30 NATIONAL ■hand-book. 

5. ITo person except a^atural-born citizen, or a 
citizen of the United States at the time of the adop- 
tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office 
of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to 
that office who shall not have attained the age of 
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident 
within the United States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from 
office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis- 
charge the powers and duties of said office, the same 
shall devolve on the Yice-President ; and the Con- 
gress may by law provide for the case of removal, 
death, resignation, or inability both of the President 
and Yice-President, declaring what officer shall then 
act as President, and such officer shall act accord- 
ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President 
shall be elected. 

1. The President shall, at stated times, receive 
for his services a compensation which shall neither 
be increased nor diminished during the period for 
which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not 
receive, within that period, any other emolument 
from the United States, or any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, 
he shall take the following oath or affirmation : — 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will 
faithfully execute the office of President of the 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 31 

United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of tlie 
United States." 

§ II. — 1. The President shall be commander-in- 
chief of the army and navy of the United States, and 
of the militia of the several States, when called into 
the actual service of the United States : he may 
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal 
officer in each of the executive departments upon 
any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves 
and pardons for offi3nces against the United States, 
except in cases of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided 
two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he 
shall nominate, and by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate shall appoint, ambassadors, 
other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the 
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United 
States whose appointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be established by law. 
But the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the 
President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads 
of departments. 

3. The President shall have power to fill up all 



32 NATIONAL* HAND-BOOK. 

vacancies tliat may happen during the recess of the 
Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire 
at the end of the next session. 

§ III. — He shall, from time to time, give to the 
Coiiiiress information of the state of the Union, and 
recommend to their consideration such measures a3 
he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on 
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or 
either of them, and in case of disagreement between 
them with respect to the time of adjournment, he 
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think 
proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public 
ministers ; he shall take care that the laws are faith- 
fully executed ; and shall commission all the officers 
of the United States. 

§IY.— The President, Vice-President, and all 
civil officers of the United States, shall be removed 
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, 
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde- 
meanors. 

ARTICLE in. 

§ I. — The judicial power of the United States 
shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such 
inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to 
time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the 
Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices 



COS^STITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 33 

dui'ing good beliavior, and shall, at stated times, 
receive for their services a compensation which shall 
not be diminislied durino; their continuance in office. 
§ II. — 1. The judicial power shall extend to all 
cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu- 
tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties 
made, or which shall be made under their authorit}^ ; 
to all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public 
ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the 
United States shall be a party ; to controversies be- 
tween two or more States; between a State and 
citizens of another State ; between citizens of differ- 
ent States; between citizens of the same State, 
claiming lands under grants of different State?, and 
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
States, citizens, or subjects. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State 
shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- 
inal jurisdiction. In all other cases before men- 
tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate 
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex- 
ceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress 
shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im- 
peachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall bo 

2* 



34: NATIONAI^ HAND-BOOK. 

held in the State where such crimes shall have 'been 
committed; but when not committed within an^' 
State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the 
Congress may by law have directed. 

§111.— 1. Treason against the United Stat(.<^ 
shall consist only in levying war against them, or in 
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com- 
fort ISTo person shall be convicted of treason, unless 
on tlie testimony of two witnesses to the same overt 
act, or confessions in open court. 

2. The Congress shall have power to declare the 
punishment of treason ; but no attainder of treason 
shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except 
during the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

§ I. — Full faith and credit shall be given in each 
State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- 
ceedings of every other State. And the Congress 
may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which 
such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, 
and the effect thereof. 

§ II. — 1. The citizens of each State shall be en 
titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in 
the several States. 

2. A person charged in any State with treason, 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 

felony, or other crime, wlio sliall flee from justice, 
and be found in another State, shall, on demand of 
the executive authority of the State from which he 
fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State 
having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one 
State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, 
shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom 
such service or labor may be due. 

§ III. — 1. I^ew States may be admitted by the 
Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall 
shall be formed or expected within the jurisdiction of 
any other State; nor any State be formed by the 
junction of two or more States, or parts of States, 
without the consent of the legislature of the States 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of 
and make all needful rules and regulations respecting 
the territory or other property belonging to the 
United States; and nothing in this Constitution 
shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of 
the United States, or of any particular State. 

§ ly. — The United States shall guaranty to every 
State of this Union a republican form of government, 
and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, 



36 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

on application of tlie legislature, or of the executive, 
(when the legislature cannot be convened,) against 
domestic violence. 

AETICLE V. 

The Cono^ress, whenever two-thirds of both 
houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- 
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of 
the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, 
which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and 
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratihed 
by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several 
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as 
the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- 
posed by the Congress ; provided that no amend- 
ment which may be made prior to the year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any 
manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no State, with- 
out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal 
sufii-age in the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered 
into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
be as valid against the United States under this 
Constitution as under the confederation. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. oi 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United 
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and 
all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall 
be bound thereby ; any thing in the Constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The senators and representatives before men- 
tioned, and the members of the several State legisla- 
tures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both 
of the United States and of the several States, shall 
be bound by oath or affirmation to support this 
Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be 
required as a qualification to any office or public 
trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE YII. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine States 
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- 
stitution between the States so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of tlie States 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and 
of the Independence of the United States of America the 
twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed 
our names. 

GEOKGE WASHINGTON, 
President, and Deputy from Virginia, 



38 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



NEW HAMPSEIIEE. 

Johii Langclon, 
Nicholas Giiman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rufus KiDg. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Wm. Samuel Johnson, 
Eoger Sherman. 

NEW TOEK. 

Alexander Hamilton. 

NEW JEKSET. 

"William Livingston, 
David Br earl ey, 
William Patterson, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Robert Morris, 
George Clymer, 
Thomas Fitzsimons, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
James Wilson, 
Gouverneur Morris. 



DELAWAEE. 

George Read, 
Gunning Bedford, jr., 
John Dickinson, 
Richard Bassett, 
Jacob Broom. 

MAEYLAND. 

James McHenry, 

Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, 

Daniel Carroll. 

VIEGINIA. 

John Blair, 
James Madison, jr. 

NOETH CAEOLINA. 

William Blount, 
Rich. Dobbs Spaight, 
Hugh Williamson. 

SOUTH CAEOLINA. 

John Rutledge, 
Charles C. Pinckney, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William Few, 
Abraham Baldwin. 



Attest, William Jackson, Secretary. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 



Art. I, — Congress shall make no law respecting 
an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free 
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
or of the press ; or tlie right of the people peaceably 
to assemble and to petition the government for a 
redress of grievances. 

Aet. II. — A well-regulated militia being neces- 
sary to the security of a free State, the right of the 
people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Aet. III.— ]^o soldier shall, in time of peace, be 
quartered in any house without the consent of the 
owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be 
prescribed by law. 

Art. IY. — The right of the people to be secure 
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against 
im reasonable searches and seizures, shall not be 
violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon 



40 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

probable cause, supported by oatli or afSruiation, 
and particularly describing the place to be searched, 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Akt. Y. — 'No person shall be held to answer for 
a capital or otherwise infamons crime, unless on a 
presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the 
militia when in actnal service, in time of war or 
public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for 
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life 
or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal 
case, to be witness against himself, nor be deprived 
of life, liberty, or property, without due process of 
law ; nor shall private property be taken for public 
use without just compensation. 

Aet. YI. — In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- 
cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public 
trial by an impartial jnry of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which 
district shall have been previously ascertained by 
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of 
the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain- 
ing witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance 
of counsel for his defence. 

Art. YII. — In suits of common law, where the 
value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the 



A]VIENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 41 

riglit of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact, 
tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in 
any court of the United States than according to the 
rules of the common law. 

Art. YIII. — Excessive bail shall not be required, 
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual 
punishments inflicted. 

Akt. IX. — The enumeration in the Constitution 
of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or 
disparage others retained by the people. 

Art. X. — The powers not delegated to the United 
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to 
the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or 
to the people. 

Art. XI. — The judicial power of the United 
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in 
law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another State, or 
by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 

Art. XII. — The electors shall meet in their 
respective States, and vote by ballot for President 
and Yice-President, one of w^hom, at least, shall not 
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; 
they shall name in their ballots the person voted lor 
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as Yice-President ; and they shall make distinct 
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all 



42 NATIONAL' HAND-BOOK. 

persons voted for as Yice-President, and of tho 
number of votes for each ; wliich lists they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of gov- 
ernment of the United States, directed to the presi- 
dent of the Senate. The president of the Senate 
shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of 
Kepresentatives, open all the certificates, and the 
votes shall then be counted ; the person having the 
greatest number of votes for President shall be 
President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed ; and if no person have 
such a majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of 
those voted for as President, the House of Pepresen 
tatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the 
President. But, in choosing the President, the votes 
shall be taken by States, the representation from 
each State having one vote ; a quorum for this pur- 
pose shall consist of a member or members from two 
thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States 
shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of 
Representatives shall not choose a President, when- 
ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, 
before the fourth day of March next following, the?i 
the Yice-President shall act as President, as in the 
case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 43 

2. The person having the greatest nnmber ot 
votes as Yice-President shall be the Yice-President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number 
of electors appointed ; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the two highest numbers on the 
list the Senate shall choose the Yice-President; a 
quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of 
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the 
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 

3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to 
the office of President shall be eligible to that of 
Yice-President of the United States. 



44 NATIONAL IIAND-BOOX,. 






THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 

ABOLISHrNG SLAVERY. 



Article Y. of the Constitution of the United 
States clearly and distinctly sets forth the mode and 
manner in which that instrument may be amended, 
as follows : 

" The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both 
Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- 
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of 
the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, 
which in either case shall be valid to all intents and 
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified 
by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several 
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as 
the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- 
posed by the Congress." 

In accordance with this article of the Constitu- 
tion, the following resolution was proposed in the 
• Senate, on February 1, 1864, adopted April 8, 1864, by 



THE CONSTITUTIONAL AilENDMENT. 45 

a vote of 33 to 6, and was proposed in the House June 
15, 1864, adopted Jan. 31, 18G5, by a vote of 119 to 56 : 

Resolved^ By the Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives of the United States of America, in Congress 
assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that 
the following article be proposed to the Legislatures, 
of the several States, as an amendment to the consti- 
tution of the United States, which, when ratified by 
three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid to all 
intents and purposes, as apart of the said Constitution, 
namely : 

Art. XIII. 1st. J^either slavery nor involuntary 
servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof 
the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
within the United States, or any place subject to 
their jurisdiction. 

The amendment was now sent by the Secretary of 
State to th-e Governors of the several States for rati- 
fication by the Legislatures ; a majority vote in three- 
fourths being required to make it a law of the land. 

On Dec. 18, 1865, Secretary Seward officially 
announced to the country the ratification of the 
Amendment as follows : 

To all to loJiom these presents may come, Greeting : 

Know ye, That, whereas the Congress of the 

United States, on the 1st of February last, passed a 

resolution, which is in the words following, namely : 



46 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

"A resolution submitting to tlie Legislatures of 
the several States a proposition to amend the Con 
stitution of the United States." 

" ResoVced^ Bj the Senate and House of Eepre- 
sentatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Housea 
concurring, that the following article be proposed to 
the Legislatures of the several States as an Amend- 
ment to the Constitution of the United States, 
which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legisla- 
tures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a 
part of said Cod stitution, namely : 

"'Article XUL 

" ' Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary 
servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof 
the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist 
within the United States, or anj^ place subject 
to their jurisdiction. 

" ' Section 2. Congress shall have power to 
enforce this article by appropriate legislation.' " 

And whereas, It appears from official documents 
on file in this Department, that the Amendment to 
the Constitution of the United States proposed as 
aforesaid, has been ratified by the Legislatures of the 
States of Illinois, Rhode Island, Michisjan, I>Iarv- 
land, IN'ew York, West Yirginia, Maine, Kansas, 
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Yirginia, Ohio, Mis 



THE CONSTITUTIONAL AIMENDMENT. 47 

Bouri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, 
"Wisconsin, Yermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecti- 
cut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, 
North Carolina, and Georgia, in all 27 States. 

And whereas^ The whole number of States in the 
United States is 36. 

And ivhereas^ The before specially named States, 
whose Legislatures have ratified the said proposed 
Amendment, constitute three-fourths of the whole 
number of States in the United States : 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, William H. 
Seward, Secretary of State of the United States, by 
virtue and in pursuance of the second section of the 
act of Congress, approved the 20th of April, 1818, 
entitled " An act to provide for the publication of 
the laws of the United States, and for other pur- 
poses," do hereby certify that the Amendment afore- 
said has become valid to all intents and purposes as 
a part of the Constitution of the United States. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my 
hand and caused the seal of the Department of St^te 
to be affixed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this 18th day 
of December, in the year of our Lord 186v, and of 
the Independence of the United States of America 
the 90th. 

Wm. H. Sewaed, Secretary of State. 



48 NATIONAE IIANIVUnOK. 



THE XIV AMENDMENT. 

CONCERNING RIGHTS OF CITIZENS, REPRESENTATION, RECON- 
STRUCTION, AND VALIDITY OP THE PUBLIC DEBT. ADOPTED 
BY CONGRESS JUNE IStH, 18GG, AND RATIFIED BY THREE- 
fourths of the legislatures op the states, july 
20th, 1868. 

The joint resolution as passed is as follows : 
Resolved^ By the Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives of the United States of America, in Congress 
assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses concurring), 
That the following article be proposed to the Legis- 
latures of the several States, as an amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, which, when rati- 
fied by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be 
valid as part of the Constitution, namely : 

ARTICLE — . 

§ 1. All persons born or naturalized in the 
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, 
are citizens of the United States and the States 
wherein they reside. No State shall make or 



PROPOSED AMENDMENTS. 49 

enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or 
immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor 
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or 
happiness, without due process of law, nor deny to 
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec- 
tion of the laws, 

§ 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among 
the several States according to their respective num- 
bers, counting the whole nunriber of persons, exclud- 
ing Indians not taxed. But whenever the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of electors for 
President and Yice-President, representatives in 
Congress, executive and judicial officers, or members 
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the 
male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of 
age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged, except for participation in rebellion or 
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall 
be reduced in the proportion which the number of 
such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
male citizens 21 years of age in such State. 

§ 3. That no person shall be a Senator or Repre- 
sentative in Congress, or elector of President and 
Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, 
nnder the United States, or under any State, who, 
having previously taken an oath as a member of 
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as 
3 



50 NATIONAi HAND-BOOK. 

a member of any State Legislature^ or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the 
Constitution of the United States, shall have 
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies there- 
of. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of 
each House, remove such disabilities. 

§ 4. The validity of the public debt of the 
United States authorized by law, including debts 
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for 
services in suppressing insm-rection or rebellion, 
shall not be questioned. But neither the United 
States or any State shall assume or pay any debt or 
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and 
void. 

§ 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, 
by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this 
article. 



THE OKDINANCE OF 1T8T. 51 



THE OEDIMNOE OF 1787. 

Passed hy Congress previous to the Adoption of the New Consti- 
tntion, and subsequently adopted hy Congress, Aug. 7, 1789, 
entitled, ^^ An Ordinance for the Government of the Terri- 
tory of the United States north-west of the Biver Ohio." 

(All the Articles of this ordinance, previous to Article VL, 
relate to the organization and powers of the government of the 
territory, the following section being all that relates to slavery.) 

ARTICLE VI. 

There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary 

servitude in the said territoiy, otherwise than in 

punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have 

been duly convicted : Provided always, that any 

person escaping into the same, from whom labor or 

service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original 

States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and 

conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or 

service, as aforesaid. 

Done by the United States in Congress assembled 
the thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord 
1787, and of the sovereignty and Independence 
the twelfth. 

William Geatson, Chairmari. 

Chaeles Thompson, /Secretari/. 



52 NATIONAL tIAND-BOOE. 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1783. 

ADOPTED FEBEUAET 12, 1793. 

An Act respecting fugitives from Justice^ and 
Persons escaping from the Service of their 
Masters, 

Be it enacted ly the Senate and House of Bepre- 
sentatives of the United States of Avnerica in Co'ii- 
gress assembled, That whenever the executive 
authority of auy State in the Union, or of either of 
the territories north-west or south of the River Ohio, 
shall demand any person, as a fugitive from justice, 
of the executive authority of any such State or Terri- 
tory to which such person shall have fled, and shall, 
moreover, produce the copy of an indictment found, 
or an affidavit made before a magistrate of any State 
or Territory as aforesaid, charging tlie person so 
demanded with having committed treason, felony, or 
other crime, certified as authentic by the governor or 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793. 53 

chief magistrate of the State or Territory from 
whence the person so charged fled, it shall be the 
duty of the executive authority of the State or Terri- 
tory to which such person shall have fled, to cause 
him or her to be arrested and secured, and notice of 
the arrest to be given to the executive authority 
making such demand, or to the agent of such 
authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and to 
cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent 
when he shall appear. But if no such agent shall 
appear within six months from the time of the arrest, 
the prisoner may be discharged. And all costs or 
expenses incurred in the apprehending, securing, and 
transmitting such fugitive to the State or Territory 
making such demand, shall be j)aid by such State or 
Territory. 

And he it further enacted^ That any agent 
appointed as aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive 
into his custody, shall be empowered to transport 
him or her to the State or Territory from which he 
or she shall have fled. And if any person or persons 
shall by force set at liberty or rescue the fugitive 
from such agent while transporting as aforesaid, the 
person or persons so offending shall, on conviction, 
be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be 
imprisoned not exceeding one year. 

AQid he it also enacted^ That when a person held 



64 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

to labor in any of the United States, or in either of 
the Territories on the north-west or south of the 
River Ohio, under the laws thereof, shall escape into 
any other of the said States or Territory, the person 
to whom such labor or service may be due, his agent 
or attorney, is hereby empowered to seize or arrest 
such fugitive from labor, and to take him or her 
before any judge of the Circuit or District Courts of 
the United States, residing or being within the 
State, or before any magistrate of a county, city, or 
town corporate, wherein such seizure or arrest shall 
be made, and upon proof to the satisfaction of such 
judge or magistrate, either by oral testimony or affi- 
davit taken before, and certified by, a magistrate of 
any such State or Territorj^, that the person so 
seized or arrested doth, under the laws of the State 
or Territory from which he or she fled, owe services 
or labor to tlie person claiming him or her, it shall 
be the duty of such judge or magistrate to give a 
certificate thereof to such claimant, his agent or 
attorney, which shall be sufficient warrant for remov- 
ing the said fugitive from labor to the State or 
Territory from which he or she fled. 

A7id he it further enacted, That any person who 
shall knowingly and willingly obstruct or hinder 
such claimant, his agent or attorney, in so seizing or 
arresting such fugitive from labor, or shall rescue 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 55 

such fugitive from such claimant, his agent or attor- 
ney, when BO arrested pursuant to the authority 
herein given or declared, or shall harbor or conceal 
such person after notice that he or she was a fugitive 
from labor as aforesaid, shall, for either of the said 
offences, forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred 
dollars. Which penalty may be recovered by and 
for the benefit of such claimant, by action of debt, in 
any court proper to try the same ; saving, moreover, 
to the person claiming such labor or service, his 
right of action for or on account of the said injuries, 
or either of them. 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 

SIGNED SEPTEMBEE 18, 1850. 

An Act to am^end^ and sujyplementary to the Act 
entitled ''An Act respecting Fugitives from. 
Justice ^ and Persons escaping from the Service of 
their Masters^'' approved February twelfth^ one 
thousand seven himdved and ninety-three. 

Be it enacted ly the Senate and House of Mejpr&- 
sentatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assernbUd^ That the persons who have been, 
or may hereafter be, appointed commissioners, in 



56 NATIONAIi HAJs^D-BOOK. 

virtue of any act of Congress, by tlie Circuit Courts 
of the United States, and who, in consequence of such 
ap'[)ointment, are authorized to exercise the powers- 
that any justice of the peace, or other magistrate of 
any of the United States, may exercise in respect to 
oli'enders for any crime or offence against the United 
States, by arresting, imprisoning, or bailing the 
same under and hj virtue of the thirty-third section 
of the act of the twenty-fourth of September, seven- 
teen hundred and eighty-nine, entitled " An Act to 
establish the judicial courts of the United States," 
shall be, and are hereby, authorized and required to 
exercise and discharge all the powers and duties 
conferred by this act. 

A?id be it further enacted^ That the Superior 
Court of each organized Territory of the United 
States shall have the same power to appoint commis- 
sioners to take acknowledgments of bail and affi- 
davits, and to take depositions of witnesses in civil 
causes, which is now possessed by the Circuit Court 
of the United States ; and all commissioners who 
shall hereafter be appointed for such purposes by the 
Supreme Court of any organized Territory of the 
United States, shall possess all the powers, and exer- 
cise all the duties, conferred by law upon the 
commissioners appointed by the Circuit Courts of 
the United States for similar purposes, and shall 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 57 

moreover exercise and discharge all tlie powers and 
duties conferred by this act. 

And he it further enacted^ That the Circuit 
Courts of the United States, and the Superior Courts 
of each organized Territory of the United States, 
shall from time to time enlarge the number of com- 
missioners, with a view to afford reasonable facilities 
to reclaim fugitives from labor, and to the prompt 
discharge of the duties imposed bj this act. 

And he it further enacted, That the commis- 
sioners above named shall have cdbcurrent jurisdic- 
tion with the judges of the Circuit and District 
Courts of the United States, in their respective 
circuits and districts within the several States, and 
the judges of the Superior Courts of the Territories 
severally and collectively, in term time and vaca- 
tion ; and shall grant certificates to such claimants 
upon satisfactory proof being made, with authority 
to take and remove such fugitives from service or 
labor, under the restrictions herein contained, to the 
State or Territory from which such persons may 
have escaped or fled. 

And he it further enacted, That it shall be the 

duty of all marshals and deputy marshals to obey 

and execute all warrants and precepts issued under 

the provisions of this act, when to them directed ; 

and should any marshal or deputy marshal refuse to 
3# 



58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

receive such warrant, or other process, when tend- 
ered, or to use all proper means diligently to 
execute the same, he shall, on conviction thereof, 
be fined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the 
use of such claimant, on the motion of such claimant, 
by the Circuit or District Court for the district of 
such marshal ; and after arrest of such fugitive, by 
such marshal or his deputy, or whilst at any time in 
his custody, under the provisions of this act, should 
such fugitive escape, whether with or without the as- 
sent of such mar^al or his deputy, such marshal shall 
be liable, on his official bond, to be prosecuted for 
the benefit of such claimant, for the full value of the 
service or labor of said fugitive in the State, Terri- 
tory, or district whence he escaped ; and the better 
to enable said commissioners, when thus appointed, 
to execute their duties faithfully and efficiently, in 
conformity with the requirements of the constitution 
of the United States, and of this act, they are hereby 
authorized and empowered, within their counties 
respectively, to appoint, in w^riting under their 
hands, any one or more suitable persons, from time 
to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro 
cess as may be issued by them in the lawful 
performance of their respective duties ; with 
authority to such commissioners, or the persons to be 
appointed by them, to execute process as aforesaid. 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 59 

to summon and call to their aid the bystanders, or 
posse comitatus of the proper county, when necessary 
to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the 
constitution referred to, in conformity with the pi'o 
visions of this act ; and all good citizens are hereby 
commanded to aid and assist in the prompt and effi- 
cient execution of this law, whenever their services 
may be required, as aforesaid, for that purpose ; and 
said warrants shall run, and be executed by said 
officers, any where in the State within which they 
are issued. 

And le it further enacted, That when a person 
held to service or labor in any State or Territory of 
the United States has heretofore or shall hereafter 
escape into another State or Territory of the United 
States, the person or persons to whom such service 
or labor may be due, or his, her, or their agent or 
attorney, duly authorized by power of attorney, in 
writing acknowledged and certified under the seal of 
some legal officer or court of the State or Territory 
in which the same may be executed, may pursue and 
reclaim such fugitive person, either by procuring a 
warrant from some one of the courts, judges, or com- 
missioners aforesaid, of the proper circuit, district, or 
county, for the apprehension of such fugitive from 
service or labor, or by seizing and arresting such 
fugitive where the same can be done without pro- 



60 NATIOl^J^AI. HAND-BOOK. 

cess, and by taking, or causing such person to be 
taken fortliwitli before sncb court, judge, or commis- 
sioner, whose duty it shall be to hear and determine 
the case of such claimant in a summary manner ; 
and upon satisfactory proof being made, by deposi- 
tion or affidavit, in writing, to be taken and certified 
hy such court, judge, or commissioner, or by other 
satisfactory testimony, duly taken and certified by 
some court, magistrate, justice of the peace, or other 
legal ofiicer authorized to administer an oath and 
take depositions under the laws of the State or Terri- 
tory from which such person owing service or labor 
may have escaped, with a certificate of such magis- 
tracy, or other authority as aforesaid, with the seal 
of the proper court or ofiicer thereto attached, which 
seal shall be sufficient to establish the competency of 
the proof, also by affidavit, of the identity of the per- 
son whose service or labor is claimed to be due as 
aforesaid, that the person so arrested does in fact 
ow§ service or labor to the person or persons claim- 
ing him or her, in the State or Territory from which 
such fugitive may have escaped as aforesaid, and 
that said person escaped, to make out and deliver to 
such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, a certifi- 
cate setting fortli the substanticil facts as to the 
service or labor due from such fugitive to the claim- 
ant, and of his or her escape from the State or 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 61 

Territory in which such service or labor was dne to 
the State or Territory in which he or she was 
arrested, with authority to such claimant, or his or 
her agent or attorney, to use such reasonable force 
and restraint as may be necessary, under the circum- 
stances of the case, to take and remove such fugitive 
person back to the State or Territory whence he or 
she may have escaped as aforesaid. In no trial or 
hearing under this act shall the testimony of such 
alleged fugitive be admitted in evidence; and the 
certificates in this and the first (fourth) section men- 
tioned, shall be conclusive of the right of the person 
or persons in whose favor granted, to remove such 
fugitive to the State or Territory from which he 
escaped, and shall prevent all molestation of such 
person or persons by any process issued by any court, 
judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever. 

And he it further enacted^ That any person who 
shall knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder, or 
prevent such claimant, his agent or attorney, or any 
person or persons lawfully assisting him, her, or 
them, from arresting such a fugitive from service or 
labor, either with or without process as aforesaid, or 
shall rescue or attempt to rescue such fugitive from 
service or labor from the custody of such claimant, 
his or her agent or attorney, or other person or 
persons lawfully assisting as aforesaid, when 



62 NATIONAL 'hand-book:. 

so arrested pursuant to the authority hereiu given 
and declared, or shall aid, abet, or assist such person 
so owing service or labor as aforesaid, directly or 
indirectly, to escape from such claimant, his agent or 
attorney, or other person or persons legally author- 
ized as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal such 
fugitive, so as to prevent the discovery and arrest of 
such person, after notice or knowledge of the fact 
that such person was a fugitive from service or labor 
as aforesaid, shall, for either of said offences, be 
subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, 
and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by 
indictment and conviction before the District Court 
of the United States for the district in which such 
offence may have been committed, or before the 
proper court of criminal jurisdiction, if committed 
within ixny one of the organized Territories of the 
United States, and shall moreover forfeit and pay, 
by way of civil damages to the party injured by such 
illegal conduct, the sum of one thousand dollars for 
each fugitive so lost as aforesaid, to be recovered by 
action of debt in any of the district or territorial 
courts aforesaid, within whose jurisdiction the said 
offence may have been committed. 

And he it further enacted^ That the marshals, 
their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and 
territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 63 

like fees as may be allowed to them for similar 
services iu other cases ; and where such services are 
rendered exclusively in the arrest, custody, and 
delivery of the fugitive to the claimant, his or her 
agent or attorney, or where such supposed fugitive 
may be discharged out of custody for the want of 
sufficient proof as aforesaid, then such fees are to be 
paid in the whole by such claimant, his agent or 
attorney ; and in all cases where the proceedings are 
before a commissioner, he shall be entitled to a fee 
of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, 
upon the delivery of the said certificate to the claim- 
ant, his or her agent or attorney ; or a fee of five 
dollars in cases where the proof shall not, in the 
opinion of such commissioner, warrant such certifi- 
cate and delivery, inclusive of all services incident to 
snch arrest or examination, to be paid in either case 
by the claimant, his or her agent or attorney. The 
person or persons authorized to execute the process 
to be issued by such commissioner for the arrest and 
detention of fugitives from service or labor as afore- 
said, shall also be entitled to a fee of five dollars 
each, for each person he or they may arrest and take 
before any such commissioner, as aforesaid, at the' 
instance and request of such claimant, with such 
other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such 
commissioners for such other additional services as 



64. NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

may be necessarily performed by him or them ; such 
as attending at the examination, keeping the lugi« 
tive in custody, and providing him with food and 
lodging during his detention and until the final 
determination of such commissioner; and, in general, 
for performing such other duties as may be required 
by such claimant, his or her attorney or agent, or 
commissioner in the premises. Such fees to be 
made up in conformity with the fees usually charged 
by the officers of the courts of juctice within the 
proper district or county, as near as may be practica- 
ble, and paid by such claimants, their agents or 
attorneys, whether such supposed fugitives from 
service or labor be ordered to be delivered to such 
claimants by the final determination of such commis 
sioner or not. 

A7id le it further enacted^ That, upon affidavit 
made by the claimant of such fugitive, his agent oi 
attorney, after such certificate has been issued that 
he has reason to apprehend that such fugitive will be 
rescued by force from his or her possession before ho 
can be taken beyond the limits of the State in which 
the arrest is made, it shall be the duty of the officer 
making the arrest to retain such fugitive in his cus- 
tody, and to remove him to the State whence he 
fled, and there deliver him to said claimant, his 
agent or attorney. And to this end, the officer 



THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 65 

aforesaid is hereby authorized and required to employ 
BO many persons as he may deem necessary to overcome 
such force, and to retain them in his service so long 
as circumstances may require. The said officer and 
his assistants while so employed to receive the com- 
pensation, and to be allowed the same expenses, as 
are now allowed by law for transportation of crimi- 
nals, to be certified by the judge of the district 
within which the arrest is made, and paid out of the 
Treasury of the United States. 

And he it further enacted^ That when any per- 
son held to service or labor in any State or Terri- 
tory, or in the District of Columbia, shall escape 
therefrom, the party to whom such service or labor 
may be due, his, her, or their agent or attorney, may 
apply to any court of record therein, or judge 
thereof in vacation, and make satisfactory proof to 
Buch court, or judge in vacation, of the escape afore- 
said, and that the person escaping owed service or 
labor to such party. "Whereupon the court shall 
cause a record to be made of the matters so proved, 
and also a general description of the person so escap- 
ing with such convenient certainty as may be ; and 
a transcript of such record, authenticated by the 
attestation of the clerk and of the seal of the said 
court, being produced in any other State, Territory, 
or district in which the person so escaping may be 



QQ NATIONAIi HAND-BOOK. 

found, and being exhibited to any judge, commis- 
sioner, or otlier officer authorized by the law of the 
United States to cause persons escaping from service 
or labor to be delivered up, shall be held and taken 
to be full and conclusive evidence of the fact of the 
escape, and that the service or labor of the person 
escaping is due to the party in such record men- 
tioned. And upon the production by the said party 
of other and further evidence if necessary, either 
oral or by affidavit, in addition to what is contained 
in the said record of the identity of the person escap- 
ing, he or she shall be delivered up to the claimant. 
And the said court, commissioner, judge, or other 
person authorized by this act to grant certificates to 
claimants of fugitives, shall, upon the production of 
tlie record and other evidences aforesaid, grant to 
such claimant a certificate of his right to take any 
such person identified and proved to be owing 
service or labor as aforesaid, which shall authorize 
such claimant to seize or arrest and transport such 
person to the State or Territory from which he 
escaped. Provided^ That nothing herein contained 
shall be construed as requiring the production of a 
transcript of such record as evidence as aforesaid. 
But in its absence the claim shall be heard and 
determined upon other satisfactory proofs, competent 
in law. 



THE MISSOUEI COMPEOMISE. 67 



THE MISSOUEI COMPEOMISE. 

ADOPTED MAEOH 6, 1820. 

A71 Act to authorize the Peoi?le of the Missouri 
Territory to forin a Constitution and State Gov- 
eminent , and for the Admission of such State into 
the Union on an equal Footing with the original 
States^ and to jprohihit Slavery in certain Terri- 
tories, 

(All the previous sections of tliis act relate entirely to the 
formation of the Missouri Territory in the usual form of territo- 
rial bills, the 8th section only relating to the slavery question.) 

And he it further enacted, That in all that 
Territory ceded by France to the United States, 
imder the name of Louisiana, which lies north of 
thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, 
"not included within the limits of the State contem- 
plated by their act, slavery and involuntary servi- 
tude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, 
whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, 



68 NATIONAL nAND-EOOK. 

sliall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited. Fro- 
vided always^ That any person escaping into the 
same, from whom labor or service is lawfully 
claimed, in any State or Territory of the United 
States, snch fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and 
conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or 
Bervicc as aforesaid. 



THE XY AMENDMENT. 

ISTo Distinction in Color. 
The following resolution proposing an amendment 
to the Constitution of the United States, passed 
Congress, February 27th, 1869 : 

JResolved, By the Senate and House of Itepresen- 
tatives of the United States of America in Congress 
assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, 
that the following article be proposed to the Legis- 
latures of the several States, as an amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, which, when 
ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall 
be valid as part of the Constitution, namely : 

Article 15, Section 1. The right of citizens of 
the United States to vote shall not be denied or 
.abridged by the United States or by any State on 
account of race, color, or previous condition of ser- 
vitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce 
this article by appropriate legislation. 
Itatifiedhy three- fouHlis of the States, Mar. 30, 1370. 



BATTLES OF THE EEVOLUTION. 69 



BATTLES OF THE EEVOLUTION. 

The following statistics show the losses of life in 
the various battles of the American Ee volution, also 
the dates of the several battles : 

British American 

Loss. Loss. 

Lexington, April 15, 1775 273 84 

Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 1054 456 

Flatbush, August 12, 1776 400 200 

White Plams, August 26, 1776 400 400 

Trenton, December 25, 1776 1000 9 

Pnnceton, January 5, 1777 400 100 

Hubbardstown, August 17, 1777 800 800 

Bennington, August 16, 1777 800 100 

Brandy wine, September 11, 1777 500 1100 

Stillwater, September 17, 1777 600 350 

Germantown, October 5, 1777 600 1250 

Saratoga, October 17, 1777* 5752 

lied Hook, October 22, 1777 500 32 

Monmouth, June 25, 1778 400 130 

Rhode Island, August 27, 1778 260 214 

Briar Creek, March 30, 1779 13 400 

Stony Point, July 15, 1779 600 100 

Camden, August 16, 1779 375 610 

King's Mountain, October 1, 1780 950 66 

Cowpens, January 17, 1781 800 72 

Guilford C. H,, March 15, 1781 632 400 

Hobkirk's Hill, April 25, 1781 400 460 

Eutaw Springs, September, 1781 1000 550 

Yorktown, October, 1781* 7072 

Total 25,481 7913 

* Surrendered. 



70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



INAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF GEOEGE 
WASHINGTON, 



FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, DELIVEEED APEIL 

30, 1789. 



Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of 
Repkesentatives — Among tlie vicissitudes incident 
to life, no event could have filled me with greater 
anxieties than that of which the notification was 
transmitted by your order, and received on the four- 
teenth day of the present month. On the one hand 
I was summoned by my country, whose voice I can 
never hear but with veneration and love, from a 
retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predi- 
lection, and in my flattering hopes with an immuta- 
ble decision as the asylum of my declining years ; a 
retreat which was rendered every day more necessary 
as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit 
to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my 
health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 71 

On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of 
the trust to which the voice of mj country called me 
being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most 
experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into 
his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with de- 
spondence one who, inheriting inferior endowments 
from nature, and unpracticed in the duties of civil 
administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of 
his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all 
I dare aver is, that it has been my faithful study to 
collect my duty from a just appreciation of every 
circumstance by which it might be afiected. All I 
dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have 
been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance 
of former instances, or by any affectionate sensibility 
to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my 
fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted 
my incapacity as well as disinclination, for the 
weighty and untried cares before me, my error will 
be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its 
consequences be judged by»my country with some 
share of the partiality with which they originated. 

Such being the impressions under which I have, 
in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the 
present station, it would be peculiarly improper to 
omit in this first official act, my fervent supplica- 
tions to that Almighty Being who rules over the 



72 NATIOX.iL HAND-BOOK. 

universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and 
whose providential aids can snpplj every human 
defect that his benediction may consecrate to the 
liberties and happiness of the people of the United 
States, a government instituted by themselves for 
these essential purposes, and may enable every in- 
Btrnment employed in its administration to execute 
with success the functions allotted to his charge. In 
tendering this homage to the great author of every 
public and private good, I assure myself that it ex- 
presses your sentiments, not less than my own, nor 
those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. 
"No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore 
the invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men 
more than the people of the United States. Every 
step by which they have advanced to the character 
of an independent nation seems to have been distin- 
guished by some token of providential agenc}^, and 
in the important revolution just accomplished in the 
system of their united government the tranquil de- 
liberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct 
communities from which the event has resulted can- 
not be compared with the means by which most gov- 
ernments have been established without some return 
ol' pious gratitude along with a humble anticipation 
of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. 
These reflections arising out of the present crisis 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 73 

have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to 
be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in 
tJiinking that there are none under the influence of 
which the proceedings of anew and free government 
can more auspiciously commence. 

By the article establishing the executive depart- 
ment it is made the duty of the President " to re- 
commend to your consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient." The circum- 
stances under which I now meet you will acquit me 
from entering into that subject farther than to refer 
to the great constitutional charter under which you 
are assembled, and which in defining your powers 
designates the objects to which your attention is to 
be given. It will be more consistent with those cir- 
cumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings 
which actuate me to substitute in place of a recom- 
mendation of particular measures, the tribute that 
is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriot- 
ism which adorn the characters selected to devise 
and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I 
behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local 
prejudices or attachments, no separate views, no 
party animosities will misdirect the comprehensive 
and equal eye which ought to watch over this 
great assemblage of communities and interests, so on 
another, that the foundations of our national policy 



74 i5"ATioNAlL hai^d-eook:. 

mil be laid in the pure and immutable principles of 
private morality, and the pre-eminence of free gov- 
ernment be exemplified by all the attributes which 
can win the affections of its citizens and command 
the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect 
v/ith every satisfaction which an ardent love for my 
country can inspire, since there is no truth more thor- 
oughly established than that there exists in the econ- 
omy and course of nature, an indissoluble union be- 
tween virtue and happiness, between duty and 
advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest 
and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of 
the public prosperity and felicity. Since we ought 
to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of 
heaven can never be expected on a nation that dis- 
regards the eternal rules of order and right which 
heaven itself has ordained, and since the preserva- 
tion of the sacred fire of Liberty, and the destiny of 
the republican model of government are justly con- 
sidered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked on the 
experiment entrusted to the hands of the American 
people. Besides the ordinary objects submitted to 
your care, it will remain with your judgment to 
decide how far an exercise of the occasional power 
delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is ren- 
dered expedient at the present juncture by the nature 
of the objections which have been urged against 



IN"AFGUEAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 75 

the system, or by tlie degree of inquietude wliicli lias 
given birth to them. Instead of undertaking partic- 
ular recommendations on this subject in which 1 
could be guided by no lights derived from official 
opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire 
confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the 
public good, for I assure myself that while you care- 
fully avoid every alteration which might endanger 
the benefits of an united and effective government, 
or which ought to await the future lessons of experi- 
ence, a reverence for the characteristic rights of 
freemen, and a regard for the public harmony will 
sufiicientl}" influence your deliberations on the ques- 
tion, how fiir the former can be more impregnably 
fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously 
promoted. 

To the preceding observations I have one to add, 
which will be most properly addressed to the House 
of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will, 
therefore, be as brief as possible. When I was first 
honored with a call into the service of my country, 
then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liber- 
ties, the light in which I comtemplated my duty 
required that I should renounce every pecuniary 
compensation. From this resolution I have in no 
instance departed, and being still under the impres- 
sions which produced it, I must decline as inapplica 



76 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

ble to myself any share in the personal emoluments 
which may be indispensably included in a perma- 
nent provision for the executive department, and 
must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates 
for the station in which I am placed, may, during 
my continuance in it, be limited to such actual ex- 
penditures as the public good may be thought to 
require. 

Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as 
as they have heen awakened by the occasion which 
brings us together, I shall take my present leave, 
but not without resorting once more to the benign 
parent of the human race in humble supplication, 
that since he has been pleased to favor the American 
people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect 
tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with un- 
paralleled unanimity on a form of government for 
the security of their union and the advancement of 
their happiness, so His divine blessing may be 
equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the tem- I 
perate consultations, and the wise measures on which 
the success of this government must depend. 



Washington's farewell address. 77 



WASHINQTON'S FAEEWELL ADDEESS. 



Friends and Fellow-Citizens — The period for a 
new election of a citizen to administer the executive 
government of the United States not being far dis- 
tant, and the time actually arrived when your 
thoughts must be employed in designating the person 
who is to be clothed with that important trust, it 
appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce 
to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that 
I should now apprise you of the resolution I have 
formed, to decline being considered among the num- 
ber of those out of whom a choice is to be made. 

I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice 
to be assured that this resolution has not been taken 
without a strict regard to all the considerations ap- 
pertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citi- 
zen to his country; and that, in withdrawing the 
tender of service which silence, in my situation, 



78 NATIONAL HA^D-BOOK. 

might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of 
zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful 
respect for your past kindness, but am supported by 
a full conviction that the step is compatible with 
both. 

The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, 
the office to which your suffrages have twice called 
me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the 
opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared 
to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would 
have been much earlier in my power, consistently 
with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, 
to return to that retirement from which I had been 
reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination 
to do this, previous to the last election, had been led 
to the preparation of an address to declare it to you; 
but mature reflection on the then perplexed and 
critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations, 
and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my 
confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea. 

I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external 
as well as internal, no longer renders the pm'suit of 
inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty 
or propriety; and am persuaded, whatever partiality 
may be retained for my services, that, in the present 
circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove 
my determination to retire. 



WASHINGTON'S FAUEWELL ADDRESS. 70 

The impressions with which I first undertook tlio 
arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. 
In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I 
have with good intentions contributed toward the 
organization and administration of the government 
the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment 
was capable. Not unconscious in the outset of the 
inferiority of my qualifications, experience, in my 
own eyes — ^perhaps still more in the eyes of others — 
has strengthened the motives to difiidence of myself; 
and every day the increasing weight of years admon- 
ishes me, more and more, that the shade of retire- 
ment is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. 
Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given pecu- 
liar value to my services, they were temporary, I have 
the consolation to believe that, while choice and pru- 
dence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism 
does not forbid it. 

In looking forward to the moment which is in- 
tended to terminate the career of my public life, my 
feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep ac- 
knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe 
to my beloved country for the many honors it has 
conferred upon me ; still more for the steadfast confi- 
dence with which it has supported me, and for the 
opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting 
my inviolable attachment, by Bervices faithful and 



80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my zeaL 
If benefits have resulted to our country from these 
services, let it always be remembered to your praise, 
and as an instructive example in our annals, that, 
under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in 
every direction, were liable to mislead; amid appear- 
ances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often 
discouraging ; in situations in which, not unfre- 
quently, want of success has countenanced the spirit 
of criticism — the constancy of your support was the 
essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the 
plans by which they were effected. Profoundly pen- 
etrated with this idea, I shall carry it with me to my 
grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that 
Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of 
its beneficence ; that your union and brotherly affec- 
tion may be perpetual; that the free constitution, 
which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly 
maintained; that its administration, in every depart- 
ment, may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; 
that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these 
States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made 
complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent 
a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the 
glory of recommending it to the applause, the affec- 
tion, and the adoption of every nation which is yet 
a stranger to it. 



81 



Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ; but a solicitude 
for jour welfare, which can not end but with my 
life, and the apprehension of danger natural to 
that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the 
present to offer to jour solemn contemplation, and to 
recommend to jour frequent review, some sentiments, 
which are the result of much reflection, of no incon- 
siderable observation, and which appear to me all- 
important to the permanencj of jour felicitj as a 
people. These will be afforded to jou w^ith the 
more freedom, as jou can onlj see them in the disin- 
terested warnings of a parting friend, who can possi- 
blj have no personal motive to bias his counsel ; nor 
can I forget, as an encouragement to it, jour indul- 
gent reception of mj sentiments on a former and not 
dissimilar occasion. 

Interwoven as is the love of libertj with every 
ligament of jour hearts, no recommendation of mine 
is necessarj to fortifj or confirm the attachment. 

The unitj of government, which constitutes jou 
one people, is also now dear to jou. It is justlj so ; 
for it is a main pillar in the edifice of jour real inde- 
pendence, the support of jour tranquillitj at home, 
jour peace abroad, of jour safet j, of your prosperit j, 
of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But 
as it is easy to forsee that from different causes and 
from different quarters much pains will be taken, 



82 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds 
the conviction of tliis truth — as this is the point in 
your political fortress against which the batteries of 
internal and external enemies will be most constantly 
and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) 
directed — it is of infinite moment that you should 
proj^erly estimate the immense value of your national 
union to your collective and individual happiness ; 
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and im- 
movable attachment to it, accustoming yourselves to 
think and speak of it as of the palladium of your 
political safety and prosperity; watching for its ' 
preservation with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing 
whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, 
in any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly frown- 
ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to 
alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or 
to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together 
the various parts. 

For this you have every inducement of sympathy 
and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice of a com- 
mon country, that country has a right to concentrate 
your afiections. The name of American, which be- 
longs to you in your national capacity, must always 
exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any 
appellation derived from local discriminations. With 
slight shades of difierence, you have the same 



83 



religion, manners, habits, and political principles. 
You have, in a common cause, fought and tri- 
umphed together ; the independence and liberty 
you possess are the work of joint counsels and 
joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and 
successes. 

But these considerations, however powerfully 
they address themselves to your sensibility, are 
greatly outweighed by those which apply more 
Immediately to your interest ; here every portion of 
our country finds the most commanding motives for 
carefully guarding and preserving the union of the 
whole. 

The I^orth, in an unrestrained intercourse with 
the South, protected by the equal laws of a common 
government, finds, in the productions of the latter, 
great additional resources of maritime and commer- 
cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufactur- 
ing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, 
benefiting by the agency of the l^orth, sees its 
agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning 
partly into its own channels the seamen of the 
]S"orth, it finds its particular navigation invigorated ; 
and while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish 
and increase the general mass of the national naviga- 
tion, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime 
strength to w^hich itself is unequally adapted. The 



84 NATIONAL ■ HAND-BOOK. 

East, in like intercourse with the "West, already 
finds, and, in the progressive improvement of inte- 
rior communication, by land and water, will more 
and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities 
which it brings from abroad or manufactures at 
home. The West derives from the East supplies 
requisite for its growth and comfort, and, what is 
perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of 
necessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable 
outlets for its own productions to the weight, influ- 
ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic 
side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble com- 
munity of interest as one nation. Any other tenure 
by which the "West can hold this essential advan- 
tage, whether derived from its own separate strength 
or from an apostate and unnatural connection with 
any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious. 

While, then, every part of our country thus feels 
an immediate and particular interest in union, all 
the parts combined can not fail to find, in the united 
mass of means and eflbrts, greater strength, greater 
resource, proportionably greater security from exter- 
nal danger, a less frequent interruption of their 
peace by foreign nations, and, what is of inestimable 
value, they must derive from union an exemption 
from those broils and wars between themselves, 
which so frequently afilict neighboring countries, not 



85 



tied together by the same government, which thoir 
own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, 
but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, 
and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence, 
likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those over- 
grown military establishments, which, under any 
form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and 
which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to 
republican liberty ; in this sense it is that your union 
ought to be considered as the main prop of your lib- 
erty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to 
you the preservation of the other. 

These considerations speak a persuasive language 
to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit a 
continuance of the Union as a primary object of 
patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common 
government can embrace so large a sphere? Let 
experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation, 
in such a case, were criminal. We are authorized to 
hope that a proper organization of the whole, with 
the auxiliary agency of governments for the respec- 
tive subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the 
experiment. It is well worth a full and fair experi- 
ment. With such powerful and obvious motives to 
union, affecting all parts of our country, while expe- 
rience shall not have demonstrated its impractica- 
bility, there will always be reason to distrust the 



8 b NATIONAL *irAND-BOOK. 

patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor 
to weaken its bands. 

In contemplating the causes which may disturb 
our Union, it cccurs, as a matter of serious concern, 
that any ground should have been furnished for char- 
acterizing parties by geographical discriminations — 
]N"orthern and Southern, Atlantic and Western — 
whence designing men may endeavor to excite a 
belief that there is real difference of local interests 
and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire 
influence within particular districts is to misrepresent 
the opinions and aims of other districts. You can 
not shield yourselves too much against the jealousies 
and heart-burnings which, spring from these misrep- 
resentations ; they tend to render alien to each other 
those who ought to be bound together by fraternal 
aifection. The inhabitants of our Western country 
have lately had a useful lesson on this head ; they 
have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, and 
in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the 
treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction 
at that event throughout the United States, a decisive 
proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated 
among them, of a policy in the general government, 
and in the Atlantic States, unfriendly to their inter- 
ests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been wit- 
nesses to the formation of two treaties — that with 



87 



Great Britain and that with Spain — which secure to 
them everything they could desire in respect to our 
foreign relations, toward confirming their prosperity. 
"Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preserva* 
tion of these advantages on the Union by which they 
were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf 
to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever 
them from their brethren and connect them with 
aliens ? 

To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a 
government for the whole is indispensable. 'No alli- 
ance, however strict, between the parts, can be an 
adequate substitute ; they must inevitably experience 
the infractions and interruptions which all alliances, 
in all time, have experienced. Sensible of this mo- 
mentous truth, you have improved upon your first 
essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern- 
ment better calculated than your former lor an inti- 
mate Union, and for the efficacious management of 
your common concerns. This government, the off- 
spring of your own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, 
adopted upon full investigation and mature delibera- 
tion, completely free in its principles, in the distribu 
tion of its powers, uniting security with energy, and 
containing within itself a provision for its own 
amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and 
your support. Kespect for its authority, compliance 



88 N-ATIONAfi HAND-BOOK. 

with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties 
enjoined by the fundamental maxims of liberty. The 
basis of our political systems is the right of the people 
to make and to alter their constitutions of govern- 
ment ; but the constitution which at any time exists, 
till changed by an explicit and and authentic act of 
the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. 
The very idea of the power and the right of the peo- 
ple to establish government presupposes the duty 
of every individual to obey the established govern- 
ment. 

All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all 
combinations and associations, under whatever plausi- 
ble character, with the real design to direct, control, 
counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action 
of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this 
fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They 
serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and 
extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele- 
gated will of the nation the will of a party — often a 
small but artful and enterprising minority of the 
community — and, according to the alternate triumphs 
of difi'erent parties, to make the public administration 
the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous 
projects of faction rather than the organ of consistent 
and wholesome plans, digested by common counsels, 
and modified by mutual interests. 



89 



However combinations or associations of the 
above description may now and then answer popular 
ends, they are likely, in the course of time and 
things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, 
ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to 
subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for 
themselves the reins of government; destroying, 
afterward, the very engine which had lifted them to 
unjust dominion. 

Toward the preservation of your government, and 
the permanency of your present happy state, it is 
requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance 
irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, 
but also that you resist with care the spirit of inno- 
vation upon its principles, however specious the pre- 
texts. One method of assault may be to effect, in 
the forms of the constitution, alterations which will 
impair the energy of the system, and thus to under- 
mine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all 
the changes to which you may be invited, remember 
that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix 
the true character of governments as of other human 
institutions; that experience is the surest standard 
by which to test the real tendency of the existing 
constitution of a country ; that facility in changes, 
upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, ex- 
poses to perpetual change, from the endless variety 



90 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of hjpotliesis and opinion ; and remember, especially, 
that for the efficient management of your common 
interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a govern- 
ment of as much vigor as is consistent with the per- 
fect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty, 
itself will find in such a government, with powers 
properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. 
It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the gov- 
ernment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of 
faction, to confine each member of the society within 
the liniits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all 
in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of 
person and property. 

I have already intimated to you the danger of 
parties in the state, with particular reference to the 
founding of them on geographical discriminations. 
Let me now take a more comprehensive view, an& 
warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the 
baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. 

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our 
nature, having its root in the strongest passions of 
the human mind. It exists, under different shapes, 
in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or 
repressed ; but in those ot the popular form it is seen 
in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. 

The alternate domination of one faction over an- 
other, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to 



WASHINGTON S FAEEWELL ADDEESS. 91 

party dissension, wliich, in different ages and coun- 
tries, lias perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is 
itself a frightful despotism. But this leads, at length, 
to a more formal and permanent despotism. The 
disorders and miseries which result gradually incline 
the minds of men to seek security and repose in the 
absolute power of an individual ; and, sooner or 
later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more able 
or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this 
disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on 
the ruins of public liberty. 

Without looking forward to an extremity of this 
kind (which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely 
out of sight), the common and continued mischiefs of 
the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the inter- 
est and duty of a wise people to discourage and 
restrain it. 

It serves always to distract the public councils 
and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates 
the community with ill-founded jealousies and false 
alarms ; kindles the animosity of one part against an- 
other; foments, occasionally, riot and insurrection. 
It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, 
which find a facilitated access to the government 
itself through the channels of party passions. Thus 
the policy and the will of one country are subjected 
to the policy and will of another. 



92 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

There is an opinion tliat parties, in free countries, 
are useful cliecks upon the administration of the gov- 
ernment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. 
This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in 
.governments of a monarchial cast, patriotism may 
look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the 
spirit of party. But in those of the popular charac- 
ter, in governments purel}^ elective, it is a spirit not 
to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it 
is certain there will always be enough of that spirit 
for every salutatory purpose. And there being con- 
stant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force 
of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A lire 
not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance 
to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of 
warming, it should consume. 

It is important, likewise, that the habits of think- 
ing, in a free country, should inspire caution in those 
intrusted with its administration, to confine them- 
selves within their respective constitutional spheres, 
avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one depart- 
ment, to encroach upon another. The spirit of 
encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all 
the departments into one, and thus to create, what- 
ever the form of government, a real despotism. A 
just estimate of that love of power and proneness to 
abuse it which predominate in the human heart is 



93 



siifBcient to satisfy us of the trntli of this position. 
The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of 
political power, by dividing and distributing it into 
different depositories, and constituting each the 
guardian of the public weal, against invasion by tho 
others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient 
and modern — some of them in our own country and 
under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as 
necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion of 
the people, the distribution or modification of the 
constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong, 
let it be corrected by an amendment in the way 
which the constitution designates. But let there be 
no change by usurpation ; for tliough this, in one 
instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the 
customary weapon by which free governments are 
destroyed. The precedent must always greatly 
overbalance, in permanent evil, any partial or 
transient benefit which the use can, at any time, 
yield. 

Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to 
political prosperity, religion and morality are indis- 
pensable supports. In vain would that man claim 
the tribute ot patriotism who should labor to subvert 
these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest 
props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere 
politician, equally with the pious man, ought to 



94 NATIOI^AL HA^ra-BOOK. 

respect and to cherish them. A volume could not 
trace all their connections with private and public 
felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the 
security for property, for reputation, for life, if the 
sense of religious obligation desert the oaths vt-hich 
are the instruments of investigation in courts of 
justice % And let us with caution indulge the sup- 
position that morality can be maintained without 
religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influ- 
ence of refined education on minds of peculiar 
structure, reason and experience both forbid us to 
expect that national morality can prevail in exclu- 
sion of religious principles. 

It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is 
a necessary spring of popular government. The 
rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every 
species of free government. Who that is a sincere 
friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts 
to shake the foundation of the fabric ? 

Promote, then, as an object of primary impor- 
tance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowl- 
edge. In proportion as a structure of a government 
gives force to public opinion, it is essential that 
public opinion should be enlightened. 

As a very important source of strength and 
security, cherish public credit. One method of pre- 
serving it is to use it as sparingly as possible ; 



95 



avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, 
but remembering, also, that timely disbursements to 
prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater 
disbursements to repel it ; avoiding, likewise, the 
accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions 
of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of 
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars 
may have occasioned ; not ungenerously throwing 
upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought 
to bear. The execution of these maxims belons-s to 
your representatives, but it is necessary that public 
opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the 
performance of their duty, it is essential that yon 
should practically bear in mind that toward the pay- 
ment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have 
revenue there must be taxes ; that no taxes can be 
devised which are not more or less inconvenient and 
unpleasant ; that the intrinsic embarrassment insepa- 
rable from the selection of the proper objects (which 
is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a deci- 
sive motive for a candid construction of the conduct 
of the government in making it, and for a spirit of 
acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue 
which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. 
Observe good faith and justice toward all nations ; 
cultivate peace and harmony with all ; religion and 
morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that 



96 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

good policy does not really enjoin it? It will be 
worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant 
period, a great nation, to give to mankind the mag- 
nanimous and too novel example of a people always 
guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. 
Who can doubt that, in the course of time and 
things, the fruits of such a plan would riclily repay 
any temporary advantages which might be lost by a 
steady adherence to it ? Can it be that Providence 
has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation 
with its virtue? The experiment, at least, is recitui- 
mended by every sentiment which ennobles human 
nature. Alas ! it is rendered impossible by its 
vices ? 

In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more 
essential than that permanent inveterate antij^athies 
against particular nations, and passionate attach- 
ments for others, should be excluded, and that, in 
place of them, just and amicable feelings toward all 
should be cultivated. The nation which indulges 
toward another an habitual hatred, or an habitual 
fondness, is, in some degree, a slave. It is a slave to 
its animosity or its affection, either of which is sulii 
cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. 
Antipathy in one nation against another disposes 
each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay 
hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty 



Washington's farewell address. 97 

and intractable when accidental or triflino; occasions 
of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obsti- 
nate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The nation, 
prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes 
impels to war the government, contrary to the best 
calculations of policy. The government sometimes 
participates in the national propensity, and adopts, 
through passion, what reason would reject ; at other 
times it makes the animosity of the nation subservi- 
ent to projects of hostility, instigated by pride, 
ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. 
The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of 
nations, has been the victim. 

So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one 
nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sym- 
pathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion 
of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no 
real common interest exists, and infusing into one 
the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a 
participation into the quarrels and wars of the latter, 
without adequate inducement or justification. It 
leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of 
privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to 
injure the nation making the concessions, by unnec- 
essarily parting with what ought to have been 
retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a 
disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom 



98 NATIONAL ' II AND-BOOK. 

equal privileges are withheld ; and it gives to ambi- 
tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote 
themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray 
or sacrifice the interest of their own country, with- 
out odium, sometimes even with popularity ; gilding 
with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation, 
a commendable deference for public opinion, or a 
laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish 
compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation. 

As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable 
ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to 
the truly enlightened and independent patriot. 
How many opportunities do they afford to tamper 
with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduc- 
tion, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe 
the public councils ! Such an attachment of a small 
or w^eak toward a great and powerful nation dooms 
the former to be the satellite of the latter. 

Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I 
conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jeal- 
ousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, 
since history and experience prove that foreign 
influence is one of the most baneful foes of repub- 
lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, 
must be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of 
the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense 
against it. E:scessive partiality for one foreign 



99 



nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those 
whom they actuate to see danger only on one 
side, and serve to vail, and even second, the arts of 
influence on the other. Real patriots, who may 
I'esist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to 
become suspected and odious, while its tools and 
dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the peo- 
ple, to surrender their interests. 

The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to 
foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial rela- 
tions, to have with them as little political connection 
as possible. So far as w^e hav« already formed 
engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good 
faith. Here let us stop. 

Europe has a set of primary interests, which to 
us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she 
must be engaged in frequent controversies, the 
causes of which are essentially foreign to our con- 
cerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us 
to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the or- 
dinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary 
combinations and collisions of her friendships or 
enmities. 

Our detached and distant situation invites and 
enables us to pursue a difierent course. If we 
remain one people, under an eflicient government, 
the period is not far off when we may defy material 



100 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



injurj from external annoyance, when we may take 
such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may 
at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected 
— when belligerent nations, under the impossibility 
of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly^ 
hazard the giving us provocation — when we may 
choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus- 
tice, shall counsel. 

Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a 
situation ? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign 
ground ? Why, by interweaving our destiny with 
that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and 
prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival- 
shij), interest, humor, or caprice ? 

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent 
alliances with any portion of the foreign world ; so 
far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for 
let me not be understood as capable of patronizing 
infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the 
maxim no less applicable to public than to private 
affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I 
repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be 
observed in their genuine sense. But, in m} 
opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to 
extend them. 

Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable 
establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, 



Washington's farewell address. 101 

we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extra- 
ordinary emergencies. 

Harmony, and a liberal intercom^se with all 
nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and 
interest. But even our commercial policy should 
hold an equal and impartial hand ; neither seeking 
nor granting exclusive favors or preferences ; con- 
sulting the natural course of things ; diffusing and 
diversifying, by gentle means, the streams of com- 
merce, but forcing nothing ; establishing, with 
powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable 
course, to define the rights of our mercliants, and to 
enable the government to support them, conven- 
tional rules of intercourse, the best that present 
circumstances and mutual opinions will permit, but 
temporary, and liable to be, from time to time, 
abandoned or varied, as experience and circum- 
stances shall dictate ; constantly keeping in view 
that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested 
favors from another ; that it must pay, with a por- 
tion of its independence, for -whatever it may accept 
under that character ; that by such acceptance it 
may place itself in the condition of having given 
equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being 
reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. 
There can be no greater error than to expect, or 
calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation, 



102 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



It is an illusion which experience must cure, which a 
just pride ought to discard. 

In offering to jou, mj countrymen, these counsels 
of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope 
they will make the strong and lasting impression I 
could wish — that they will control the usual current 
of the passions, or prevent our nation from running 
the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of 
nations ; but if I may even flatter myself that they 
may be productive of some partial benefit, some 
occasional good, that they may now and then recur 
to moderate the fury of party spirit, to warn against 
the mischiefs of foreign intrigues, to guard against 
the im.postures of pretended patriotism — this hope 
will be a full recompense for the solicitude for joiir 
welfare by which they have been dictated. 

How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I 
have been guided by the principles which have been 
delineated, the public records, and other evidences 
of my conduct, must witness to you and the world. 
To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, 
that I have at least believed myself to be guided by 
them. 

In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, 
my proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the 
index to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving 
voice, and by that of your representatives in both 



103 



Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has 
continually governed me, uninfluenced by any 
attempts to deter or divert me from it. 

After deliberate examination, with the aid of the 
best lights I conld obtain, I was well satisfied that 
our country, under all the circumstances of the case, 
had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in- 
terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I 
determined, as far as should depend upon me, to main- 
tain it with moderation, perseverance, and firmness. 

The considerations which respect the right to 
hold this conduct, it is not necessar}^ on this occasion 
to detail. I will only observe that, according to my 
understanding of the matter, that right, so far from 
being denied by any of the belligerent powers, has 
been virtually admitted by all. 

The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be 
inferred, without anything more, from the obligation 
which justice and humanity impose on every nation, 
in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate 
the relations of peace and amity toward other nations. 

The inducements of interest, for observing that 
conduct, will be best referred to your own reflections 
and experience. With me, a predominant motive has 
been to endeavor to gain time to our country to 
settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to 
progress, without interruption, to that degree of 



104 NATIONAL 'hand-book. 

strengtli and consistency wliich is necessary to give it, 
humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes. 
Though, in reviewing the incidents of my admin- 
istration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I 
aui, nevertheless, too sensible of my defects not to 
think it probable that I may have committed many 
errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech 
the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which 
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope 
that my country will never cease to view them with 
indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life 
dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults 
of incompetent abilities will be consigned to obli?vion, 
as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest. 

Relying on its kindness in this, as in other things, 
and actuated by that fervent love toward it which is 
so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of 
himself and his progenitors for several generations, 
I anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat 
in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, 
the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of 
my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws 
under a free government — the ever favorite object of 
my heart — and the happy reward, as I trust, of our 
mutual cares, labors, and dangers. 

Geoege Washington. 
United States, 17tli September, 1796. 



105 



PEESIDENT JACKSON'S PEOOLAMATION, 

ISSUED IX 1832, WHEN SOUTH OAEOLINA UNDERTOOK TO ANNUL 
THE FEDERAL REVENUE LAW. 

Whereas a convention, assembled in the State of 
South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which 
tliey declare '' that the several acts and parts of acts 
of the Congress of the United States, purporting to 
be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the 
importation of foreign commodities, and now having 
actual operation and effect within the United States, 
and more especially ' two acts for the same purposes, 
passed on the 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of 
July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of 
the United States, and violate the true meaning and 
intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law," 
nor binding on the citizens of that State or its offi- 
cers ; and by the said ordinance it is further declared 
to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori- 
ties of the State, or of the United States, to enforce 



106 NATIONAL nAND-BOOK. 

the payment of the duties imposed bj the said acta 
within the same State, and that it is the duty of the 
legishiture to pass such laws as may be necessary to 
give full effect to the said ordinances : 

And whereas, by the said ordinance it is furthe* 
ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided in 
the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in 
question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the 
acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it 
effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no 
appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the 
United States, nor shall m\j copy of the record be 
permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any 
person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun- 
ished as for a contempt of court : 

And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the 
people of South Carolina will maintain the said ordi- 
nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider 
the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or 
closing the ports of the said State, or otherwise ob- 
structmo; the free inc^ress or e^Tess of vessels to and 
from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal 
Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports, 
destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the 
said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals 
of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con- 
tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that 



PEESiDENT Jackson's proclamation. 107 

the people of the said State will thenceforth hold 
themselves absolved from all further obligation to 
maintain or preserve their political connection with 
the people of the other States, and will forthwith 
proceed to organize a separate government, and do 
all other acts and things which sovereign and inde- 
pendent States may of right do : 

And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the 
people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct 
violation of their duty as citizens of the United 
States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver- 
sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the 
destruction of the Union — that Union, which, coeval 
with our political existence, led our fathers, without 
any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism 
and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to 
a glorious independence — that sacred Union, hitherto, 
inviolate, which, perfected hj our happy Constitu- 
tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a 
state of prosperity at home, and high consideration 
abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na- 
tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence 
from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of 
national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con- 
fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I, 
Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, 
have thought proper to issue this, my Proclamation, 



108 NATIONS AL 'HAND-BOOK. 

stating my views of the Constitution and lawa 
applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven- 
tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have 
put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which 
duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the 
understanding and j)atriotism of the people, warn 
them of the consequences that must inevitably result 
from an observance of the dictates of the Convention. 

Strict duty would require of me nothing more 
than the exercise of those powers with which I am 
now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving 
the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But 
the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in 
this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and 
the deep interest which the people of the United 
States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger 
measures, wdiile there is a hope that anything will be 
yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps 
demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition 
to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en- 
tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct 
enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will 
require me to pursue. 

The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible 
right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu- 
tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the 
strange position that any one State may not only 



PEEsiDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 109 

declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its exc 
cution — that they may do this consistently with the 
Constitution — that the true construction of that 
instrument permits a State to retain its place in the 
Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than 
those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It 
is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a 
law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ; 
but it is evident, that to give the right of resisting 
laws of that description, coupled with the uncon- 
trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char- 
acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. Eor, 
as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasons 
alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail. If 
it should be said that public opinion is a sufficient 
check against the abuse of this power, it may be 
asked why is it not deemed a sufficient guard against 
the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress. 
There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which 
makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi- 
ble, and which does not exist in the other. There 
are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed 
by Congress — one to the judiciary, the other to the 
people and the States. There is no appeal from the 
State decision in theory ; and the practical iilustra- 
tration shows that the courts are closed against an 
application to review it, both judges and jurors being 



110 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

sworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on tMa 
subject is superfluous, when our social compact in 
express terms declares, that the laws of the United 
States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, 
are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater 
caution ^adds, " that the judges in every State shall 
be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." 
And it may be asserted, without fear of refutation, 
that no federative government could exist without a 
similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse- 
quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue 
laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent 
their execution in the port of Charleston, there would 
be a clear constitutional objection to their collection 
in every other port, and no revenue could be collected 
anywhere ; for all imposts must be equal. It is no 
answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no 
law, so long as the question of its legality is to be 
decided by the State itself; for every law operating 
injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps 
thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu- 
tional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal. 

If this doctrine had been established at an earlier 
day, the Union would have been dissolved in its 
infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em- 
bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States, 



Ill 

the carriage tax in Yirginia, were all deemed uncon- 
stitutional, and were more unequal in tlieir operation 
than any of the laws now complained of; but, fortu- 
nately, none of those States discovered that they had 
the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war 
into which we were forced, to support the dignity of 
the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have 
ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and 
honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and 
unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed 
the right of nullifying the act by which it was de- 
clared, and denying supplies for its prosecution. 
Hardly and unequally as those measures bore upon 
several members of the Union, to the legislatures of 
none did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is 
called, suggest itself. The discovery of this impor- 
tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the 
present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina 
belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that 
State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it 
to practice. 

If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of 
the Union carries with it internal evidence of its im- 
practicable absurdity, our constitutional history will 
also afford abundant proof that it would have been 
repudiated with indignation had it been proposed to 
form a feature in our government. 



112 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

In our colonial state, although dependent on an- 
other power, we very early considered ourselves as 
connected bj common interest with each other. 
Leagues were formed for common defense, and before 
the Declaration of Independence, we were known in 
our aggregate character as the United Colonies of 
America. That decisive and important step was 
taken jointly. We declared ourselves a nation by a 
joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of 
our confederation were reduced to form, it was in 
that of a solemn league of several States, by which 
they agreed that they would, collectively, form one 
nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain 
domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the 
instrument forming that Union, is found an article 
which declares that " every State shall abide by the 
determinations of Congress on all questions which 
by that Confederation should be submitted to them." 

Under the Confederation, then, no State could 
legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to 
submit to its execution ; but no provision was made 
to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi- 
tions, but they were not complied with. The gov- 
ernment could not operate on individuals. They had 
no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue. 

But the defects of the Confederation need not be 
detailed. Under its operation we could scarcely be 



113 

called a nation. We had neither prosperity at home 
nor consideration abroad. This state of things conld 
not be endured, and our present happy Constitution 
was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine 
prevails. It was formed for important objects tliat 
are announced in the preamble made in the name 
and by the authority of the people of the United 
States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven- 
tions approved, it. 

The most important among these objects, that 
which is placed first in rank, on which all the others 
rest, is ''to form a more jperfect TJnionP ]^ow, it is 
possible that, even if there were no express provision 
giving supremacy to the Constitution and laws of 
the United States over those of the States, it can be 
conceived that an instrument made for the purpose 
oi"- forming a more jperfect TJnion^'' than that of the 
Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem- 
bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that 
confederation a form of government, dependent for 
its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of 
a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every 
man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who 
hears the question, will give such an answer as will 
preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur- 
suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have 
devised one that is calculated to destroy it. 
5* 



114: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

I consider, tlien, the power to annul a law of the 
United States, assumed bv one State, incorrvpatible 
with the existence of the Union^ contTadicted expressly 
hj the letter' of the Constitution,, unauthorized hy its 
spirit^ inconsistent with every principle on which it 
was founded^ and destructive of tJie great object for 
which it VMS formed. 

After this general view of the leading principle, 
we must examine the particular application of it 
which is made in the ordinance. 

The preamble rests its justification on these 
grounds : It assumes as a fact, that the obnoxious 
laws, although tliey purport to be laws for raising 
revenue, were in reality intended for the protection 
of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un- 
constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is 
unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater 
than is required by the wants of the government ; 
and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to 
objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are 
the only causes alleged to justity an open opposition 
to the laws of the country, and a threat of seceding 
from the Union, if any attempt should be made to 
enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that 
the law in question was passed under power ex- 
pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect 
imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in ques- 



115 



tion from tlie motives of those who passed it. How- 
ever apparent this purpose may be in the present 
case, nothing can be more dangerous than to admit 
the position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter- 
tained by the members who assent to a law enacted 
under a constitutional power, shall make that law 
void ; for hoAV is that purpose to be ascertained ? 
Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad 
purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases 
are they concealed by false professions? In how 
many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this 
doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled 
right to decide, and every law may be annulled 
under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and 
dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State 
may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it 
deems such, it will not apply to the present case. 

The next objection is, that the laws in question, 
operate unequally. This objection may be made 
with truth to every law that has been or can be 
passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a 
system of taxation that would operate with perfect 
equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes 
it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description 
may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then, 
indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the 
slightest efforts for its preservation. "We have hith- 



116 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union. 
"We have received it as the work of the assembled 
wisdom of the nation. We have trusted to it as to 
the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of 
conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have 
looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our 
liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have 
pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here, 
and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in its defense 
and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen, 
in attaching this importance to the Constitution of 
our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched, 
inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new" doc- 
trine would make it ? Did. we pledge ourselves to the 
support of an airy nothing — a bubble that must be 
blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was 
this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the 
profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the 
task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did 
the name of Washington sanction, did the States de- 
liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of 
fundamental legislation? 'No. We were not mis- 
taken. The letter of this great instrument is free 
from this radical fault ; its language directly contra- 
dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent, 
contradicts it. !N"o, we did not err. Our Constitu- 
tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power 



PRESIDENT JACKSOn's PEOCLAMATION. 117 

to make laws, and another power to resist tliem. 
The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced, 
have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per* 
manent constitutional compact. The Father of his 
Country did not affix his revered name to so palpable 
an absurdity. ISTor did the States, when they sever- 
ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto 
on the laws of the United States was reserved to 
them, or that they could exercise it by application. 
Search the debates in all their conventions — examine 
the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal 
authority — look at the amendments that were pro- 
posed. They are all silent — not a syllable uttered, 
not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the 
explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union 
over those of the States, or to show that implication, 
as is now contended, could defeat it. J^o, we have 
not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our 
reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in 
danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It 
shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted 
by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the 
sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per- 
sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into 
existence, will again be patriotically offered for its 
support. 

The two remaining objections made by the ordi- 



118 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to bo 
raised bj them are greater than are required, and 
that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed. 
The Constitution has given expressly to Congress the 
right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum 
the public exigencies will require. The States have 
.no control over the exercise of this ria-ht other than 
that which results from the power of changing the 
representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re- 
dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre- 
tionary power, but tlie same may be said of others 
with which they are vested. Yet the discretion must 
exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to 
the representatives of all the people, checked by the 
representatives of the States, and by the executive 
power. The South Carolina construction gives it to 
the legislature, or the convention of a single State, 
where neither the people of the different States, nor 
the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief 
magistrate elected by the people, have any represen- 
tation. Which is the most discreet disposition of the 
power? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which is 
the constitutional disposition — that instrument speaks 
a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were 
assembled in general convention, which would you 
think the safest depository of this discretionary power 
in the last resort ? Would you add a clause giving 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclajviation. 119 

it to each of the States, or would you sanction the 
wise provisions ah^eady made by your Constitution ? 
If this should be the result of your deliberations when 
providing for the future, are you — can you — be ready 
to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem- 
porary and a local purpose, that which you must 
acknowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a 
general provision ? Carry out the consequences of 
this right vested in the different States, and you 
must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents 
at this day would recur whenever any law of the 
United States displeased any of the States, and that 
we should soon cease to be a nation. 

The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the 
future that characterizes a former objection, tells you 
that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally 
applied. If this could be ascertained with certainty, 
the objection would, with more propriety, be 
reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but 
surely can not be urged against the laws levying the 
duty. 

These are the allegations contained in the ordi- 
nance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizens 
— ^judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter- 
mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to 
leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you 
should come to this conclusion, how far they justify 



120 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the reckless, destructive course which jou are directed 
to pursue. Eeview these objections, and the conclu- 
sions drawn from them once more. AVhat are they? 
Every laAV, then, for raising revenue, according to 
the South Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an- 
nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or 
can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws 
for raising revenue, and each State has a right to 
oppose their execution — two rights directly opposed 
to each other ; and yet is this absurdity supposed to 
be contained in an instrument drawn for the express 
purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and 
the general government, by an assembly of the most 
enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em- 
bodied for a similiar purpose. 

In vain have these sages declared that Congress 
shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- 
posts, and excises — in vain have they provided that 
they shall have power to pass laws which shall be 
necessary and proper to carry those powers into 
execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall 
be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the 
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any- 
thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the 
contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people 
of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro- 
visions, made them their paramount law, and indi- 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 121 

viduallj sworn to support them whenever they were 
called on to execute any office. 

Yain provisions ! IneiFectual restrictions ! Yile 
profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla- 
tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one 
State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the 
intent with which a law has been passed, declare 
themselves free from its operation — say here it gives 
too little, there too much, and operates unequally — 
here it suffers articles to be free that ought to bo 
taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free — in 
this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to 
purposes which we do not approve, in that the 
amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it 
is true, are invested by the Constitution with the 
right of deciding these questions according to their 
sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre- 
sentatives of all the States, and of all the people of 
all the States ; but we, part of the people of one 
State, to whom the Constitution has given no power 
on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it 
away — we, who have solemnly agreed that this Con- 
stitution shall be our law — wc, most of whom have 
sworn to support it — we now abrogate this law, and 
swear, and force others to swear, that it shall not be 
obeyed — and we do this, not because Congress have 
no right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege ; 



122 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

but because they have passed them with improper 
views. They are unconstitutional from the motives 
of those who pass them, which we can never with 
certainty know, from their unequal operation; 
although it is impossible from the nature of things 
that they should be equal — and from the disposition 
which we presume may be made of their proceeds, 
although that disposition has not been declared. 
This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela- 
tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti- 
tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals, 
in express terms, an important part of the Constitu- 
tion itself, and of laws passed to give it effect, which 
have never been alleged to be unconstitutional. 
The Ck)nstitution declares that the judicial powers of 
the United States extend to cases arising under the 
laws of the United States, and that such laws the 
Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the 
State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre- 
scribes the mode by which the case may be brought 
before a court of the United States, by appeal, when 
a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of 
the Constitution. The ordinance declares there 
shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount 
to the Constitution and laws of the United States ; 
forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis- 
regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 123 

a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further 
declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities 
of the United States, or of that State, to enforce tlie 
payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws 
within its limits. 

Here is a law of the United States, not even 
pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the 
authority of a small majority of the voters of a single 
State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which 
is solemnly- abrogated by the same authority. 

On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi- 
nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to 
annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce 
it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any 
attempt is made to execute them. 

This right to secede is deduced from the nature 
of the Constitution, which they say is a compact 
between sovereign States, who have preserved their 
whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no 
superior ; that because they made the compact, they 
can break it when in their opinion it has been 
departed from by the other States. Fallacious as 
this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and 
iinds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who 
have not studied the nature of our government suffi- 
ciently to see the radical error on which it rests. 

The people of the United States formed the Con- 



124 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. 

stitutiori, acting tliroiigh the State legislatures, in 
making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis- 
ions, and acting in separate conventions when they 
ratified those provisions ; but the term used in its 
construction show it to be a government hi whiclii 
the people of all the States collectively are repre- 
sented. We are one people in the choice of the 
President and Yice-President. Here the States have 
no other agency than to direct the mode in which 
the votes shall be given. The candidates having the 
majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors 
of a majority of States may have given their votes 
for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen. 
The people then, and not the States, are represented 
in the executive branch. 

In the House of Representatives there is this 
difference, that the people of one State do not, as in 
the case of President and Yice-President, all vote 
for all the members, each State electing only its own 
representatives. But this creates no material distinc- 
tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of 
the United States, not representatives of the particu- 
lar State from which they come. They are paid by 
the United States, not by the State ; nor are they 
accountable to it for any act done in performance of 
their legislative functions ; and however they may 
in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre- 



125 



fer the interests of their particular constituents when 
they come in conflict with any other partial or local 
interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as 
representatives of the United States, to promote the 
general good. 

The Constitution of the United States, then, 
forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be 
formed by compact between the States, or in any 
other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov- 
ernment in which all the people are represented, 
which operates directly on the people individually, 
not upon the States ; they retained all the power 
they did not grant. But each State having expressly 
parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly 
with the other States a single nation, can not from 
that period possess any right to secede, because such 
secession does not break a league, but destroys the 
unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not 
only a breach which would result from the contra- 
vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the 
whole Union. To say that any State may at pleas- 
ure secede from the Union, is to say that the United 
States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole- 
cism to contend that any part of a nation might 
dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their 
injury or ruin, without committing any offense. 
Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be 



126 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

morally justified by the extremity of oppression ; but 
to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the 
meaning of terms, and can only be done through 
gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to 
assert a right, but would pause before they made a 
revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a 
failure. 

Because the Union was formed by compact, it is 
said the parties to that compact may, when they feel 
aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because 
it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an 
agreement or binding obligation. It may by its 
terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it 
may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be 
broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ; 
if it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the 
designated or implied penalty. A league between 
independent nations, generally, has no sanction other 
than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty, 
as there is no common superior, it cannot be 
enforced. A government, on the contrary, always 
has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case, 
it is both necessarily implied and expressly given. 
An attempt by force of arms to destroy a govern 
ment is an oifense, by whatever means the constitu- 
tional compact may have been formed ; and such 
government has the right, by the law of self-defense, 



TEESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 127 

to pass acts for punisliing tlie offender, unless tliat 
right is modiiiecl, restrained, or resumed by the con- 
stitutional act. In our system, although it is modi- 
fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly 
given to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers 
into effect, and under this grant provision has been 
made for punishing acts which obstruct the due 
administration of the laws. 

It would seem superfluous to add anything to 
show the nature of that union which connects us ; 
but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the 
foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our 
peace, I must give some further development to my 
views on this subject. I^o one, fellow-citizens, has a 
higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States 
than the magistrate who now addresses you. IS^o 
one would make greater personal sacrifices, or offi- 
cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but 
equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part, 
an improper interference with, or resumption of, the 
rights they have vested in the nation. The line has 
not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in 
some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the 
best intentions and soundest views may differ in 
their construction of some parts of the Constitution ; 
but there are others on which dispassionate reflection 
can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be 



128 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the assumed right of secession. It rests, as we have 
seen, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of tlio 
States, and of their having formed in this sovereign 
capacity a compact which is called the Constitution, 
from which, because they made it, they have the 
right to secede. Both of these positions are errone- 
ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so 
have been anticipated. 

The States severally have not retained their 
entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in 
becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league, 
they surrendered many of their essential parts of 
sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare 
war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative 
powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The 
States, then, for all these important purposes, were 
no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens 
was transferred in the first instance to the govern- 
ment of the United States ; they became American 
citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of 
the United States, and to laws made in conformity 
with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi- 
tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How, 
then, can that State be said to be sovereign and 
independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws 
not made by it, and whose magistrates are sworn to 
disregard those laws, when they come in conflict 



PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 129 

with those passed by another ? What shows conclu- 
sively that the States can not be said to have 
reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they 
expressly ceded the right to punish treason — not 
treason against a separate power, but treason against 
the United States. Treason is an offense ^against sov* 
ereignty, and sovereignty must reside with the power 
to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States 
are not less sacred because they have for their com- 
mon interest made the general government the 
depository of these powers. The unity of our politi- 
cal cliaracter (as has been shown for another pur- 
pose) commenced with its very existence. Under 
the royal government we had no separate character ; 
our opposition to its oppression began as united 
COLONIES. We were the United States under the 
Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and 
the Union rendered more perfect by the federal Con- 
stitution. In none of these stages did we consider 
ourselves in any other light than as forming one 
nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the 
name of all. Troops were raised for the joint 
defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that 
under all changes of our position we had, for desig- 
nated purposes and with defined ]30wers, created 
national governments — how is it that the most per- 
fect of these several modes of union should now be 



130 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at 
pleasure? It is from an abuse of terms. Compact 
is used as synonymous with league, although the 
true term is not employed, because it would at once 
show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do t > 
say that our Constitution was only a league, but it is 
labored to prove it a compact (wliich, in one sense, it 
is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact, 
every compact between nations must, of course, be a 
league, and that from such an engagement every 
sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has 
been shown that in this sense the States are not 
sovereign, and that even if they were, and the 
national Constitution had been formed by compact, 
there would be no right in any one State to exone- 
rate itself from the obligation. 

So obvious are the reasons which forbid this 
secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them. 
Tlie Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was 
produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinions. 
Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States, 
wdio magnanimously surrendered their title to the 
territories of the West, recall the grant ? Will the 
inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the 
duties that may be imposed without their assent by 
those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own 
benefit 1 Shall there be a free port in one State, 



PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 131 

and enormous duties in another ? 'No one believes 
that any right exists in a single State to involve all 
the others in these and countless other evils, contrary 
to engagements solemnly made. Every one must 
see that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose 
it at all hazards. 

These are the alternatives that are presented by 
the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising 
revenue, leaving the government without the means 
of support ; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our 
Union by the secession of one of its members. 
When the first was proposed, it was known that it 
could not be listened to for a moment. It was 
known if force was applied to oppose the execution 
of the laws, that it must be repelled by force — that 
Congress could not, without involving itself in dis- 
grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi- 
tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or 
if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State 
is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union. 
The majority of a convention assembled for ihe pur- 
pose 'have dictated these terms, or rather this 
rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of 
South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the 
State speaks of the submission of their grievances to a 
convention of all the States ; whicli, he says, they 
"sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet this 



132 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the 
sense of the other States on the construction of the 
federal compact, and amending it, if necessary, has 
never been attempted by those who have urged the 
State on to this destructive measure. The State 
might have proposed a call for a general convention 
to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num- 
ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the 
first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed 
a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func- 
tionaries of the general government of the merits of 
the controversy," such a convention will be accorded 
to them, must have known that neither Congress, 
nor any functionary in the general government, has 
authority to call such a convention, unless it be 
demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug- 
gestion, then, is another instance of the reckless 
inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with 
which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of | 
the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu- 
tional remedy has been sought and refused. If the 
legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a 
general convention to consider their complaints, why 
have they not made application for it in the way the 
Constitution points out? The assertion that they 
" earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the 
omission. 



133 



This, then is the position in which we stand. A 
small majority of the citizens of one State in the 
Union have elected delegates to a State convention ; 
that convention has ordained that all the revenue 
laws of the United States must be repealed, or that 
they are no longer a member of the Union. The 
governor of that State has recommended to the legis- 
lature the raising of an army to carry the secession 
into effect, and that he may be empowered to give 
clearances to vessels in the name of the State. No 
act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been 
committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre- 
hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to 
PROCLAIM, not only that the duty imposed on me by 
the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent 
of the powers already vested in me by law, or of such 
others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and 
intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi- 
zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into 
an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will 
incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing 
ordinance of the convention — to exhort those who 
have refused to support it to persevere in their deter- 
mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their 
country, and to point out to all the perilous situa- 
tion into which the good people of that State have 



134 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

been led, and that the course they are urged to pur- 
sue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State 
whose rights they effect to support. 

Fellow-citizens of my native State ! let me not 
only admonish you, as the first magistrate of our 
common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws, 
but use the influence that a father would over his 
children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In 
that paternal language, with that paternal feeling, 
let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded 
by men who are either deceived themselves or wish 
to deceive you. Mark under what pretenses you 
have been led on to the brink of insurrection and 
treason on which you stand ! First a diminution of 
the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over- 
production in other quarters and the consequent 
diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole 
effect of the tariff laws. The effect of those laws 
was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly 
exaggerated by the unfounded theory^ you were 
taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor- 
tion to your exports, not to your consumption of 
imported articles. Your pride was roused by the 
assertions that a submission to these laws was a state 
of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal, 
in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers 
offered to the oppressive laws of Great Britain. Ton 



185 

were told that this opposition might be peaceably — ■ 
miglit be constitutionally made — that you might 
enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none 
of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions, 
to your State pride, to your native courage, to your 
sense of real injury, vi^ere used to prepare you for the 
period when the mask which concealed the hideous 
features of disuoton should be taken off. It fell, and 
you were made to look with complacency on objects 
which not long since you would have regarded with 
horror. Look back to the arts which have brought 
you to this state — look forward to the consequences 
to which it must inevitably lead! Look back to 
what was first told you as an inducement to enter 
into this dangerous course. The great political 
truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu- 
tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably 
unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive — it was 
added that the right to nullify a law rested on the 
same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy ! 
This character v/hich was given to it, made you 
receive with too much confidence the assertions that 
were made of the -unconstitutionality of the law and 
its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that 
by the admission of your leaders the unconstitution 
ality must hQ palpable, or it will justify either resist- 
ance or nullification ! What is the meaning of the 



136 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

word palpable in the sense in which it is here used 1 
— that which is apparent to every one, that which no 
man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is 
the unconstitutionality of these laws of that descrip- 
tion? Let those among your leaders who once 
approved and advocated the principles of protective 
duties, answer the question ; and let them choose 
whether they will be considered as incapable, then, 
of perceiving that which must have been apparent to 
every man of common understanding, or as imposing 
upon our confidence and endeavoring to mislead you 
now. In either case, they are unsafe guides in the 
perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well 
on this circumstance, and you will know how to 
appreciate the exaggerated language they address 
to you. They are not champions of liberty emulat- 
ing the fame of our Revolutionary fathers, nor are 
you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat 
to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You 
are free members of a flourishing and happy Union. 
There is no settled design to oppress you. You 
have, indeed, felt the unequal operation of laws 
which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution- 
ally passed ; but that inequality must necessarily be 
removed. At the very moment when you were 
madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have 
begun, a change in public opinion has commenced. 



137 



The nearly approaching payment of the public debt, 
and the consequent necessity of a diminution of 
duties, had already caused a considerable reduction, 
and that, too, on some articles of general consump- 
tion in your State. The importance of this change 
was underrated, and you were authoritatively told 
that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be 
expected, at the very time when the condition of the 
country imperiously demanded such a modification 
of the duties as sliould reduce them to a just and 
equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect 
of this change in allaying your discontents, you were 
precipitated into a fearful state in which you now 
find yourselves. 

I have urged you to look back to the means that 
were used to hurry you on to the position you have 
now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will 
produce. Something more is necessary. Contem- 
plate the condition of that country of which you still 
form an important part ; consider its government 
uniting in one bond of common interest and general 
protection so many different States — giving to all 
their inhabitants the proud title of Ameeican citi- 
zens — protecting their commerce — securing their 
literature and arts — facilitating their intercommuni- 
cation — defending their frontiers — and making their 
name respected in the remotest parts of the earth 1 



138 NATIONAL hand-booe:. 

Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and 
happy popnhition, its advance in arts, which render 
life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the 
mind! See education spreading the lights of 
religion, morality, and general information into every 
cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and 
States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched 
and the oppressed find a refuge and support ! Look 
on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, we, 
TOO, AEE CITIZENS OF America — Carolina is one of 
these proud States her arms have defended — her best 
blood has cemented this happy Union ! And then 
add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this 
happy Union we will dissolv^e — this picture of peace 
and prosperity we will deface — this free intercourse 
we will interrupt — these fertile fields we will deluge 
with blood— ^the protection of that glorious flag we 
renounce — the very name of Americans we discard. 
And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw 
away these inestimable blessings — for what would you 
exchange your share in the advantages and honor 
of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde- 
pendence — a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts 
with your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for- 
eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab- 
lishing a separation, what would be your situation ? 
Are you united at home — are you free from the 



139 



apprehension of civil discord, with all its fearful con- 
sequences ? Do our neighboring republics, every 
day suifering some new revolution or contending 
with some new insurrection — do they excite your 
envy? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me 
solemnly to announce that you can not succeed. 
The laws of the United States must be executed. I 
]iave no discretionary power on the subject — my 
duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. 
Those who told you that you might peaceably 
prevent their execution, deceived you — they could 
not have been deceived themselves. They know 
that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the 
execution of the laws, and they know that such 
opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis- 
union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by 
armed force, is treason. Are you really ready to 
incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the 
instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences — 
on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall 
the punishment — on your unhappy State will inev- 
itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon 
the government of your country. It cannot accede 
to the mad project of disunion of which jou would 
be the first victims- — its first magistrate can not, if he 
would, avoid the performance of his duty — the con- 
sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your 



14:0 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good gov- 
ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have 
beheld our prospentj with a vexation they could not 
conceal — it was a standing refutation of their slavish 
doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the 
triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power 
to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that 
the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the 
Rutledges, and of the thousand other names which 
adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will 
not abandon that Union to support which so many 
of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as 
you honor their memory — as you love the cause of 
freedom, to which they dedicated their lives — as you 
prize the peace of your country, the lives of its best 
citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your 
steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the 
disorganizing edict of its convention — bid its mem- 
bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided 
expressions of your wiU to remain in the path which 
alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and 
honor — tell them that compared to disunion, all 
other evils are light, because that brings with it an 
accumulation of all — declare that you will never take 
the held unless the star-spangled banner of your 
country shall float over you — that you will not be 
stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned 



141 



while jou live, as the authors of the first attack on 
the Constitution of jour country ! — its destroyers you 
can not be. You may disturb its peace — you may 
interrupt the course of its prosperity — you may 
cloud its reputation for stability — but its tranquillity 
will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the 
stain upon its national character will be transferred 
and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those 
who caused the disorder. 

Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of 
unhallowed disunion — the names of those, once re- 
spected, by whom it is uttered — the array of military 
force to support it — denote the approach of a crisis in 
our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam- 
pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps 
that of all free governments, may depend. The con- 
jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia- 
tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles 
of action ; and as the claim was asserted of a right by 
a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to 
secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my 
opinions in relation to the origin and form of our 
government, and the construction I give to the 
instrument by which it was created, seemed to be 
proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just- 
ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my 
duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal 



142 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

confidence on your undivided support in mj deter- 
mination to execute the laws — to preserve the Union 
by all constitutional means — to arrest, if possible, b^ 
moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a 
recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heaven 
that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for 
the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon 
our land, that it be not called down by any ofiensive 
act on the part of the United States. 

Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before 
you. On your undivided support of your govern- 
ment depends the decision of tlie great question it 
involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre- 
served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people 
shall be perpetuated. I^o one can doubt that the 
unanimity with whicli that decision will be expressed, 
will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi- 
can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom, 
and the courage which it will bring to their defense, 
will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to 
our children. 

May the Great Euler of nations grant that the 
signal blessings with which He has favored ours may 
not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition, 
be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi- 
dence bring those who have produced this crisis to 
see the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil 



PEESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 143 

strife, and inspire a returning veneration for that 
Union which, if we may dare to penetrate His 
designs. He has chosen, as the only means of attain- 
ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably 
aspire. 

In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of 
the United States to be hereunto affixed, having 
signed the same with my hand. 
Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of 
December, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde- 
pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh. 

Andrew Jacksow. 
By the President. 
Edw. Livtngsoe, Secreta/ry of State, 



Ii4 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



MONEOE DOOTEmE. 

EXTEAOT FEOM PRESIDENT MONROE's A^'^TUAL MESSAGE, WASU- 
INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823. 

The citizens of the United States cherish senti- 
ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and 
happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the 
Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in 
matters relating to themselves, we have never taken 
any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to 
do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri- 
ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep 
arations for our defence. With the movements in 
this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi- 
ately connected, and by causes which must be 
obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. 
The political system of the allied powers is essen- 
tially different, in this respect, from that of America. 
This difference proceeds from that which exists in 
their respective Governments. And to the defence 
of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of 
so much blocd and treasure, and matured by the 
wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under 



MONEOE DOCTRINE. 145 

wMch we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this 
whole nation is devoted. 

We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic- 
able relations existing between the United States and 
those powers, to declare, that we should consider 
any attempt on their part to extend their system to 
any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our 
peace and safety. 

With the existing colonies or dependencies of any 
European power, we have not interfered, and shall 
not interfere. But, with the Governments who 
have declared their independence, and maintained 
it, and whose independence we have, on great con- 
sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we 
could not view any interposition for the purpose of 
oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man- 
ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any 
other light than as the manifestation of an un- 
friendly disposition towards the United States. 

In the war between those new Governments and 
Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of 
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and 
shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall 
occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au-' 
thorities of this Government, shall make a corres- 
ponding change on the part of the United States, 
indispensable to their security. 



146 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 

DEED SOOTT, PLAINTIFF IN EEEOE, VS. JOHN F. A. SANDFOED. 

This case was brought up bj writ of error, from 
the Circuit Court of the United States for the district 
of Missouri. 

It was an action of trespass vi et armis instituted 
in the Circuit Court by Scott against Sanford. 

Prior to the institution of the present suit, an 
action was brought by Scott for his freedom in the 
Circuit Court of St. Louis county, (State court,) 
where there was a verdict and judgment in his favor. 
On a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the 
State, the judgment below was reversed, and the 
case remanded to the Circuit Court, where it was 
continued to await the decision of the case now in 
question. 

The declaration of Scott contained three counts : 
one, that Sandford had assaulted the plaintiff; one, 



THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 147 

that he had assaulted Harriet Scott, his wife ; and 
one, that he had assaulted Eliza Scott and Lizzie 
Scott, his children. 

Sandford appeared, and filed the following plea : 



,i 



Deed Soott, 

vs. J- Plea to the Jurisdiction of the Court. 

John F. A. Sandfoed. 



Apeil Teem, 1854. 

And the said John F. A. Sandford, in his own 
proper person, comes and says that this court ought 
not to have or take further cognizance of the action 
aforesaid, because he says that said cause of action, 
and each and every of them, (if any such have ac- 
crued to the said Dred Scott,) accrued to the said 
Pred Scott out of the jurisdiction of this court, and 
exclusively within the jurisdiction of the courts of 
the State of Missouri, for that, to wit : the said plain- 
tiff, Dred Scott, is not a citizen of the State of Mis- 
souri, as alleged in his declaration, because he is a 
negro of African descent ; his ancestors were of pure 
African blood, and were brought into this country 
and sold as negro slaves, and this the said Sandford 
is ready to verify. "Wherefore he prays judgment 
whether this court can or will take further cogni^ 
zance of the action aforesaid. 

John F. A. Sandford, 



148 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

To this plea there was a demurrer in the usual 
form, which was argued in April, 1854, when the 
court gave judgment that the demurrer should be 
sustained. 

In May, 1854, the defendant, in pursuance of an^ 
agreement between counsel, and with the leave of 
the court, pleaded in bar of the action : 

1. "Not guilty. 

2. That the plaintiff was a negro slave, the law- 
ful property of the defendant, and, as such, the de- 
fendant gently laid his hands upon him, and thereby 
had only restrained him, as the defendant had a right 
to do. 

3. That with respect to the wife and daughters 
of the plaintiff, in the second and third counts of the 
declaration mentioned, the defendant had, as to them, 
only acted in the same manner, and in virtue of the 
same legal right. 

In the first of these pleas, the plaintiff joined 
issue ; and to the second and thii-d filed replications 
alleging that the defendant, of his own wrong and 
without the cause in his second and third pleas 
alleged, committed the trespasses, etc. 

The counsel then filed the following agreed state- 
ment of facts, viz.: 

In the year 1834, the plaintiff was a negro slave 
belonging to Dr. Emerson, who was a surgeon in the 



THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 149 

army of the United States. In that year, 1834, said 
Dr. Emerson took the plaintiff from the State of 
Missouri to the military post at Eock Island in the 
State of Illinois, and held him there as a slave until 
the month of April or May, 1836. At the time last 
mentioned, said Dr. Emerson removed the plantiff 
from said military post at Eock Island to the mili- 
tary post at Fort Snelling, situate on the west bank 
of the Mississippi river, in the Territory known as 
Upper Louisiana, acquired by the United States of 
France, and situate north of the latitude of thirty-sis 
degrees thirty minutes north, and north of the State 
of Missouri. Said Dr. Emerson held the plaintiff in 
slavery at said Fort Snelling, from said last-men- 
tioned date until the year 1838. 

In the year 1835, Harriet, who is named in the 
second count of the plaintiff's declaration, was the 
negro slave of Major Taliaferro, who belonged to the 
army of the United States. In that year, 1835, said 
Major Taliaferro took said Harriet to said Fort 
Snelling, a military post, situated as hereinbefore 
stated, and kept her there as a slave until the 
year 1836, and then sold and delivered her as a 
slave at said Fort Snelling unto the said Dr. Em- 
erson hereinbefore named. Said Dr. Emerson held 
said Harriet in slavery at said Fort Snelling until 
the year 1838. 



150 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.. 

In the year 1836, the plaintiff and said Harriet, 
at said Fort Snelling, with the consent of said Dr. 
Emerson, who then claimed to be their master and 
owner, intermarried, and took each other for hus- 
band and wife. Ehza and Lizzie, named in the third 
count of the plaintiff's declaration, are the fruit of 
that marriage. Eliza is about fourteen years old, 
and was born on board the steamboat Gipsey, north 
of the north line of the State of Missouri, and upon 
the river Mississippi. Lizzie is about seven years old, 
and was born in the State of Missouri, at the mili- 
tary post called Jefferson Barracks. 

In the year 1838, said Dr. Emerson removed the 
plaintiff and said Harriet and their said daughter 
Eliza, from said Fort Snelling to the State of Mis- 
souri, where they have ever since resided. 

Before the commencement of this suit, said Dr. 
Emerson sold and conveyed the plaintiff, said Har- 
riet, Eliza, and Lizzie, to the defendant, as slaves, 
and the defendant has ever since claimed to hold 
them and each of them as slaves. 

At the times mentioned in the plaintiff's declara- 
tion, the defendant claiming to be owner as aforesaid, 
laid his hands upon said plaintiff, Harriet, Eliza, and 
Lizzie, and imprisoned them, doing in this respect, 
however, no more than what he might lawfully do if 
they were of right his slaves at such times. 



THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 151 

Furtlier proof may be given on the trial for either 
party. 

It is agreed that Dred Scott brought suit for his 
freedom in the Circuit Court of St. Louis county ; 
that there was a verdict and judgment in his favor ; 
that on a writ of error to the Supreme Court, the 
judgment below was reversed, and the same re- 
manded to the Circuit Court, where it has been con- 
tiuued to await the decision of this case. 

In May, 1854, the cause went before a jury, who 
found the following verdict, viz.: " As to the first 
issae joined in this case, we of the jury find the de- 
fendant not guilty ; and as to the issue secondly above 
joiued, we of the jury fiud that before and at the 
time when, &c., in the first count mentioned, the said 
Dred Scott was a negro slave, the lawful property 
of the defendant ; and as to the issue thirdly above 
joined, we, the jury, find that before and at the time 
when, &c., in the second and third counts mentioned, 
the said Harriet, wife of said Dred Scott, and Eliza 
and Lizzie, the daughters of the said Dred Scott, were 
negra slaves, the lawful property of the defendant." 
thereupon the court gave judgment for the de- 
fendant. 

After an ineffectual motion for a new trial, the 
plainiiff filed the following bill of exceptions. 

On the trial of this cause by the jury, the plain- 



152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

tiff, to maintain the issnes on his part, read to the 
jury the following agreed statment of facts, (see 
agreement above.) 'No further testimony was given 
to the jury by either party. Thereupon the plaintiff 
moved the court to give to the jury the following 
instruction, viz.: 

" That upon the facts agreed to by the parties,- 
they ought to find for the plaintiff. The court re- 
fused to give such instruction to the jury, and the 
plaintiff', to such refusal, then and there duly ex- 
cepted." 

The court then gave the following instruction to 
the jury, on motion of the defendant : 

" The jury are instructed, that upon the facts in 
this case, the law is with the defendant." The 
plaintiff excepted to this instruction. 

Upon these exceptions, the case came up to this 
court. 

It was argued at December term, 1855, and or- 
dered to be reargued at the present term. 

The opinion of the court, as delivered bj Chief 
Justice Taney, being so lengthy, we omit all but the 
summing up, to wit: 

Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of 
this court, that it appears by the record before us, 
that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, 
in the sense in which tliat word is used in the Con- 



THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 153 

stitution ; and that tlie Circuit Court of the United 
States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the 
case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judg- 
ment for the defendant must, consequently, bo 
reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to 
be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. 



J^54: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDENTS AND VIOE-PEESIDENTS OF 
THE UNITED STATES. 

WITH THE VOTE FOR EACH CANDIDATE FOE OFFICE. 



BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. 

FmsT Congress, Sept. 5, 1774. Peyton Ran- 
dolpli, of Yirginia, President. Bom in Virginia, in 
1723, died at Philadelpiiia, Oct. 22, 1TS5. Charles 
Thomson, of Pennsylvania, Secretary. Born in 
Ireland, 1730, died in Pennsylvania, Aug. 16, 1824. 

Second Congress, May 10, 1775. Peyton 
Randolph, President. Resigned May 24, 1775. 

John Hancock, of Massachusetts, elected his 
successor. He was born at Quincy, Mass., 1737, 
died Oct. 8, 1793. He was President of Congress 
until October, 1777. 

Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, President 
from ITov. 1, 1777, to Dec. 1778. He was born at 
Charleston, S. C, 1724, died in South Carolina, 
Dec, 1792. 

John Jay, of ISTew York, President from Dec. 10, 



PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PEESIDENTS. 



155 



1778, to Sept. 27, 1779. He was born in l^ew York 
City, Dec. 12, 1745, died at ISTew York, May 17, 
1829. 

Samuel Huntingdon, of Connecticut, President 
from Sept. 28, 1779, until July 10, 1781. He was 
born in Connecticut, in 1732, died 1796. 

Thos. McKean, of Pennsylvania, President from 
July 1781, until 'Nov. 5, 1781. He was born in 
Pennsylvania, March 19, 1784, died at Philadelphia, 
June 24, 1817. 

John Hanson, of Maryland, President from ISTov. 
5, 1781, to Nov, 4, 1782. 

Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, President from 
N'ov. 4, 1782, until Feb. 4, 1783. life was born at 
Philadelphia, May 2, 1740, died 1824. 

Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, President from 
Feb. 4, 1783, to E'ov. 30, 1784. Born at Philadel- 
phia, 1744, died in the same city, Jan. 21, 1800. 

Eichard Henry Lee, of Virginia, President from 
JSTov. 30, 1784, to "Nov. 23, 1785. He was born in 
Virginia, 1732, died 1794. 

John Hancock, of Massachusetts, President from 
Nov. 23, 1785, to June 6, 1786. 

E'athaniel Gorham, of Massachusetts, President 
from June 6, 1786, to Feb. 2, 1787. He was born at 
Charlestown, Mass., 1738, died June 11, 1796. 

Arthur St. Clair, of Pennsylvania^ President 
from Feb. 2, 1787, to Jan. 28, l^^ 88. He was born 
in Edinburgh, Scothind, , died in 1818. 

Cyrus Griffin, of Virgirda, President from Jan. 
28, 1788, to the end of the Congress under the 



156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Confederation, March 3, 1789. He was born in 

England, 1748, died in Virginia, 1810. 

UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 

1789 to 1793. — George Washington, of Virginia, 
inaugurated as President of the United States, April 
30, 1789. He was born upon Wakefield estate, 
Virginia, Feb. 22, (11th old style,) 1732, died at 
Mount Yernon, Dec. 14, 1799. 

John Adams, of Massachusetts, Yice-President. 
Born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19, 1735, died July 4, 
,1826, near Quincy, Mass. 

Electoral vote. — Geo. Washington, 69 ; John 
Adams, 34 ; John Jay, l^ew York, 9 ; E. H. Har- 
rison, Maryland, 6 ; John Rutledge, South Carolina, 
6 ; John Hancock, Massachusetts, 4 ; Geo. Clinton, 
'J^ew York, 3 ; Sam'l Huntingdon, Connecticut, 2 ; 
•John Milton, Georgia, 2 ; James Armstrong, 
Georgia, 1 ; Edward Telfair, Georgia, 1 ; Benj. 
Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1 — Total, 69. Ten States 
voted, — Khode Island, E'ew York, and N'orth Caro- 
lina not voting, not having ratified the Constitution 
in time. 

1793 to 1797.— George Washington, President, 
inaugurated March 4, 1793. 

John Adams, Yice-President. 

Electokal ' VOTE. — Gco. Washington, 132 ; John 
Adams, 77 ; Geo. Clinton, 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Yir- 
gia, 4; Aaron Burr, ISTew York, 1. — Total, 132. 
Fifteen States voted. 



PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 157 

1797 to 1801. — Jolin, Adams President, inaiigii- 
lated March 4, 1797. 

, Thomas Jefferson, of Yirginia, Yice-President. 
Born at Shadwell, Yirginia, April 13, 1743, died at 
Monticello, Yirginia, July 4, 1826. 

Electoral vote. — John Adams, 71 ; Thomas 
Jefferson, 68 ; Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina, 
59 ; Aaron Burr, 30 ; Sam'l Adams, Massachusetts, 
15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, 11 ; Geo. Clin- 
ton, 7 ; John Jay, 5 ; James Iredell, North Carolina, 
3 ; George Washington, 2 ; John Henry, Maryland, 
2 ; S. Johnson, ISTorth Carolina, 2 ; Charles C. 
Pinckney, South Carolina, 1. — Total 138, Sixteen 
States voting. 

1801 to 1805. — Thomas Jefferson, President, 
inaugurated March 4, 1801. 

Aaron Burr, of New York Yice-President. Born 
at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756, died at Staten 
Island, K Y., Sept. 14, 1836. 

Electoral vote. — Thos. Jefferson, 73 ; Aaron 
Burr, 73 ; John Adams, 65 ; Chas. C. Pinckney, 64 ; 
John Jay 1. — Total, 13. Sixteen States voting. 

There was no choice by the Electoral colleges, and 
the election was carried into the House of Pepresen- 
tatives, and upon the 36th ballot, ten States voted for 
Jefferson, four States for Aaron Burr, and two States 
in blank. Jefferson was declared to be elected 
President, and Burr Yice-President. The Constitu- 
tion was then amended, so that the Yice-President 
was voted for separately, instead of being the second 
on the vote for President. 



158 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

1805 to 1809. — Thomas Jefferson, President, 
inaugurated March 4, 1805. 

George Clinton, of New York, Yice-Presideut. 
He was born in Ulster county, N. T., 1739, died in 
Washington, D. C, April 20, 1812. 

Electokal vote. — For President, Thos. Jefferson 
162 ; Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 14.— Total, 176. 
Seven States voting. For Yice-President, George 
Clinton, 162 ; Eufus King, New York, 14. 

1809 to 1813. — James Madison, of Yirginia, 
President, inaugurated March 4, 1809. He was 
born March 16, 1751, in Prince George county, Ya., 
and died at Montpelier, Ya., June 28, 1836. 

George Clinton, of New York, Yice-President, 
until his death, April 20, 1812. 

Electoral vote. — For President, James Madi- 
son, 122 ; Geo. Clinton, 6 ; C. C. Pincknev, 47.— 
Total, 175. Seventeen States voting. For Yice- 
President, George Clinton, 113 ; James Madison, 3 ; 
James Monroe, Yirginia, 3 ; John Langdon, New 
Hampshire, 9 ; Rufus King, New York, 47. 

1813 to 1817. — James Madison, of Yirginia, Presi- 
dent, inaugurated March 4, 1813. 

Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, Yice-President, 
until his death, Nov. 23, 1814. He was born at 
Marblehead, Mass., July 17, 1744, and died at 
"Washington, D. C. 

Electoral vote. — For President, James Madi- 
son, 128 ; De Witt Clinton, New York, 89.— Total, 
217. Eighteen States voting. For Yice-President, 
Elbridge Gerry, 131 ; Jared Ingersoll, Pa., 86. 



PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PEESIDENTS, 159 

1817 to 1821. — James Monroe, of Yirginla, Presi- 
dent, inaugurated March 4, 1817. He was born in 
Westmoreland county, Ya., 1759, and died in 'New 
York, July 4, 1831. " 

Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, Yice-Presi- 
dent. Born June 21, 1774, at Fox Meadows, K Y., 
and died at Staten Island, June 11, 1825. 

Electoral vote. — For President, James Monroe, 
183 ; Eufus King, 34.— Total, 221. E"ineteen States 
voting. For Yiee-President, Daniel D. Tompkins, 
183 ; Jolm Eager Howard, Maryland, 22 ; James 
Ross, Pennsylvania, 5 ; Jolm Marshall, Yirginia, 4 ; 
Hobt. Goodloe Harper, Maryland, 3. 

1821 to 1825. — James Monroe, President, inaugu- 
rated March 4, 1821. 

Daniel D. Tompkins, Yice-President. 

Electoral vote. — For President, James Monroe, 
231 ; John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, 1. — Total, 
232. Twenty-four States voting. For Yice-Presi- 
dent, Daniel D. Tompkins, 218 ; Richard Stockton, 
JSTew Jersey, 8 ; Robert G. Harper, 1 ; Richard 
Rush, Pennsylvania, 1 ; Daniel Rodney, Delaware, 1. 

1825 to 1829. — John Quincy Adams, of Massa- 
chusetts, President, inaugurated March 4, 1825. He 
was born at Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767, 
and died at Washington City, Feb. 23, 1848. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, of South Carolina, Yice- 
President. Born in Abbeville district, S. C, March* 
18, 1782, and died March 31, 1850, in Washington 
City. 

Popular vote. — For President, John Quincy 



160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Adams, 105,321 ; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 
152,899; Wm. H. Crawford, Georgia, 47,265; 
Henrj Clay, Kentucky, 47,087. 

Electoral vote. — For President Andrew Jack- 
Bon, 99 ; John Quincy Adams, 84 ; Wm. 11. Craw- 
ford, 41 ; Henry Clay, 37.— Total, 261. Twenty- 
four States voting. 

There being no choice by the Electoral colleges, 
the vote was taken into the House of Representa- 
tives. Adams received the votes of thirteen States, 
Jackson seven, and Crawford four. John Quincy 
Adams was therefore declared elected President. 

For Yice-President, the Electoral vote was John 
C. Calhoun, South Carolina, 182 ; I^athan San- 
ford, 'New York, 30 ; ISTathaniel Macon, Georgia, 
24 ; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 13 ; Martin Yan 
Buren, Kew York, 9 ; Henry Clay, Kentucky, 2. 

1829 to 1833. — Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, 
President, inaugurated March 4, 1829. He was 
born in Mecklenburg county, K C, March 15, 1767, 
and died at the HermitagCj Tenn., June 8, 1845. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, Yice-President, until his 
resignation, Dec. 28, 1832. 

PopuLAE vote. — For President, Andrew Jackson, 
650,028 ; John Quincy Adams, 512,158. 

Electoral vote. — Fo;* President, Andrew Jack- 
eon, 178 ; J. Q. Adams, 83.— Total, 261. Twenty- 
four States voting. 

For Yice-President, John C. Calhoun, 171 ; 
Eichard Eush, Pentisylvania, 83 ; Wm. Smith, 
South Carolina, 7. 



PRESIDENTS AND VI0E-PRE3IDENTS. 161 

1833 to 1837 — Andrew Jackson, President, 
inaugurated March 4, 1833. 

Martin Van Buren, of l^ew York, Yice-Presi- 
dent. He was born at Kinderhook, I^. Y., Dec. 5, 
1782. 

PopiJLAE VOTE. — For President, Andrew Jackson, 
687,502 ; Henry Clay, 550,189 ; Opposition, (John 
Floyd, Virginia, and'Wm. Wirt, Maryland,) 33,108. 

Electoral vote. — For President, Andrew Jack- 
son, 219 ; Henry Clay, 49 ; John Floyd, 11 ; Wm. 
Wirt, 7.— Total 288. Twenty-four States voting. 

For Yice-President, Martin Yan Buren, 189 ; 
John Sergeant, Pennsylvania, 49 ; William Wilkins, 
Pennsylvania, 30 ; Henry Lee, Massachusetts, 11 ; 
Amos Ellmaker, Pennsylvania, 7. 

1837 to 1841. — Martin Yan Buren, President, 
inaugurated March 4, 1837. 

Pichard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi- 
dent. He was born in 1780, and died Nov. 19, 1850. 

Popular vote. — For President, Martin Yan 
Buren, 762,149 ; Opposition, (Wm. H. Harrison, 
Hugh L. White, Daniel Webster, W. P. Mangum,) 
736,736. 

Electoral vote. — For President, Martin Yan 
Buren, 170 ; Wm. H. Harrison, Ohio, 73 ; Hugh L. 
White, Tennessee, 26 ; Daniel Webster, Massachu- 
setts, 14 ; W. P. Mangum, 11.— Total, 294. Twenty- 
six States voting. 

For Yice-President,. Pichard M. Johnson, Ken- 
tucky, 147 ; Francis Granger, ]^ew York, 77 ; John 
Tyler, Yir^inia, 47 ; Wm. Smith, Alabama, 23. 



162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

1841 to 1845 — Wm. Henry Harrison, of Ohio, 
President, until his death, at "Washington, April 4, 
1841. lie was inaugurated March 4, 1841. He 
was born in Berkeley county, Ya., Feb. 9, 1773. 

Jolm Tyler, of Virginia, Yice-President. He 
was born April, 1790, at Greenway, Charles City 
county, Ya. 

John Tyler, of Yirginia, became President by the 
death of W. H. Harrison. He took the oath of 
office April 6, 1841. 

Popular vote — ]N'ov. 1840. — For President, Wm. 
Henry Harrison, 1,274,783; Martin Yan Buren, 
1,128,702 ; James G. Birney, JSTew York, (Abolition,) 
7,609. 

Electoral vote. — For President, W. H. Harri- 
son, 234; M. Yan Buren, 60.— Total, 294. Twenty- 
six States voting. 

For Yice-President, John Tyler, 234; Eichard 
M. Johnson, 48 ; L. W. Tazewell, South Carolina, 
11 ; James K. Polk, Tennessee, 1. 

1845 to 1849. — James Knox Polk, of Tennessee, 
President, inaugurated March 4, 1845. He was 
born in Mecklenburg county, ISTorth Carolina, 'Nov, 
2, 1795, and died at JSTashville, Tennessee, June 15, 
1849. 

George Mifflin Dallas, of Pennsylvania, Yice- 
President. Born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. 

Popular vote. — For President, James K. Polk, 
1,335,834; Henry Clay, 1,297,033; James G. 
Birney, 62,290. 

Electoral vote. — For President, James K. Polk, 



PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PEESIDENT8. 163 

irO; Henry Claj, 105.— Total, 275. Twenty-six 
States voting. 

For Yice-President, George M. Dallas, 170; 
Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, 105. 

184:9 to 1853. — Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, 
President, inaugurated March 4, 184-9. Born in 
Virginia, 1784, died in Washington City, July 9, 
1850. 

Millard Fillmore, of 'New York, Yice-President. 
Born in Locke townsliip, Caynga county, JS^. Y., 
Jan. 7, 1800. 

Millard Fillmore, President, after the death of 
Zachary Taylor, July 9, 1850. He took the oath of 
office, July 10, 1850. 

Popular vote. — For President, Zachary Taylor, 
1,362,031; Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1,222,445; 
Martin Yan Buren, (Free-Soil,) 291,455. 

Electoral vote. — For President, Zachary Taylor, 
163 ; Lewis Cass, 127.— Total, 290. Thirty States 
voting. 

For Yice-President, Millard Fillmore, 163 ; Wil- 
liam O. Butler, Kentucky, 127. 

1853 to 1857.— Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp- 
shire, President, inaugurated March 5, 1853. He 
was born at Hillsboro, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. 

William li. King, of Alabama, Yice-President. 
He was born in North Carolina, April 7, 1786, died 
at Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853. 

Popular vote. — For President, Franklin Pierce, 
1,590,490; Winfield Scott, 1,378,589; John P. 
Hale, ITew Hampshire, (Abolition,) 157,296. 



164 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Electoral vote. — For President, Franklin 
Pierce, 254 ; Winiield Scott of l^ew Jersey, 42.— 
Total, 296. Thirty-one States voting. 

For Yice President, "Wm. E. King, 254 ; Wm. A. 
Graham, Morth Carolina, 42. 

1857 to 1861. — James Buchanan, of Pennsyl- 
vania, President. He was born at Stony Batter, 
Franklin county, Penn., April 22, 1791. 

John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi- 
dent. Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Jan. 21, 
1820. 

Popular vote. — For President, James Buchanan, 
Pemocratic.) 1,832,232; John C. Fremont, Cali- 
fornia, (Eepublican,) 1,341,514; Millard Fillmore, 
New York, (American,) 874,707. 

Electoral vote. — For President, James Bu- 
chanan, 174 ; John C. Fremont, 109 ; Millard Fill- 
more, 8. — Total, 291. Thirty-one States voting. 

For Yice-President, John Breckenridge, 174; 
"Wm. L. Dayton, JSTew Jersey, 109 ; A. J. Donelson, 
Tennessee, 8.— Total, 291. 

1861 to 1865. — Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, 
President, inaugurated March 4, 1861. He was 
born near Muldraugh's Hill, Hardin county, Ky., 
Feb. 1809. 

Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, Yice-President. 
■He was born at Paris, Oxford county. Me., Aug. 27, 
1809. 

Popular vote. — For President, Abraham Lin- 
coln, (Eepublican,) 1,857,610 ; Stephen A. Douglas, 
of Illinois, (Democratic,) 1,365,976 ; John C. Breck- 



PEESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 165 

enridge, of Kentucky, (Democratic,) 847,953 ; John 
Bell, of Tennessee, (Constitutional Union,) 590,631. 

Electoral vote. — For President, Abraham Lin- 
coln, 180; John C. Breckenridge, 72; John Bell, 
39; Stephen A.Douglas, 12.— Total, 291. Thirty- 
three States voting. 

For Yice-President, Hannibal Hamlin, Maine, 
180 ; Joseph Lane, Oregon, 72 ; Edward Everett, 
Massachusetts, 39 ; Herschel Y. Johnson, Georgia, 12. 

1865 to 1869.— Abraham Lincoln, President, 
inaugurated March 4, 1865. 

Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, Yice-President. 

Popular vote. — For President, Abraham Lincoln, 
(Republican), 3,213,035; George B. McClellan, 
(Democrat,) 1,811,754. 

States not Yoting (Civil War.) — Ala., Ark., FJa., 
Ga., La., Miss., N. Ca., S. Ca., Tenn., Texas, and Ya. 

Electoral Yote. — For President, Abraham Lin- 
coln, 212 ; George B. McClellan, 21. 

For Yice-President, Andrew Johnson, 212. 

Upon the assassination of President Lincoln, 
April 14, 1865, Andrew Johnson, tlien Yice-Presi- 
dent, assumed the Presidency, and Lafayette S. 
Foster, of Norwich, Conn., President of the Senate, 
became Yice-President. 

1869 to 1873.— Ulysses S. Grant, of 111., President. 
Born at Mount Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822. 

Schuyler Colfax, of Ind., Yice-President. Born in 
New York city. May 22, 1823. 

Popular vote. — Ulysses S. Grant, 3,012,833'; 
Horatio Seymour, 2,703,249. 

States not Yoting — Ya., Miss., and Texas. 

Electoral vote. — Ulysses Grant, 214 ; Horatio 
Seymour, 80. 



166 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



POPULAE NAMES OF STATES. 



Yirginia, the Old Dominion. 
Massaclmsetts, the Bay State. 
Maine, the Border State. 
Ehode Island, Little Ehodj. 
New York, the Empire State. 
New Hampshire, the Granite State. 
Vermont, the Green Mountain State. 
Connecticut, the Land of Steady Habits. 
Pennsylvania, the Keystone State. 
North Carolina, the Old North State. 
Ohio, the Buckeye State. 
South Carolina, the Palmetto State. 
Michigan, the Wolverine State. 
Kentucky, the Corn-Cracker. 
Delaware, the Blue Hen's Chicken. 
Missouri, the Puke State. 
Indiana, the Hoosier State. 
Illinois, the Sucker State. 
Iowa, the Hawkeye State. 
"Wisconsin, the Badger State. 
Florida, the Peninsular State. 
Texas, the Lone Star State. 
Mississippi, the Bayou State. 
Louisiana, the Creole State. 
Tennessee, the Big Bend State. 
Arkansas, the Bear State. 
California, the Golden State. 



STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT. 167 



STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT 

of the united states, for thirteen years, ending june 
1st, 1872. 

July 1st, 1860 $64,709,703.08 

" 1861 90,867,828.08 

" 1862 514,211,371.92 

" 1863 1,098,793,181.37 

" 1864 1,740,090,489.49 

" 1805 2,082,593,026.53 

" 1866 2,783,425,789.21 

" 1867 •. 2,692,199,215.12 

June" 1868 2,510,245,886.74 

Dec. " 1869 2,453,559,735.23 

June" 1870 2,406,562,371.00 

" " 1871 2,397,740,148.63 

*' " 1872 2,295,833,523.97 



Public Debt of the Leading Nationalities. 

From the following statement it will be seen that 
the debt of the United States is less oppressive than 
that of any other country in proportion to its terri- 
tory and population. Our average is based on the 
debt of June 1st, 1870, and the estimated population : 

1866-67. Sq. Miles, Population. Debt. Av. per hd. 

Austria 236,311 37,931,000 $1,459,858,845 $38.49 

Belgium 11,267 4,984,000 141,584,033 28.40 

France 207,480 38,092,000 2,598,659,600 68.10 

Great Britain... 112,190 29,935,000 4,014,214,745 134.89 

Holland 13,464 3,636,000 392,595,832 107.97 

Italy 98,154 22,483,000 1,355,081,632 60.27 

Portugal 30,312 4,350,000 188,850,238 45.71 

Prussia 107,185 19,304,000 210,015,320 10.91 

Spain 190,325 10,287,000 819,037,350 50.32 

United States.. 2,819,811 38,000,000 2,453,559,735 64.57 



168 NATION AI, HAND-BOOK. 



NEUTEALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, 

AS AMENDED AND APPEOVED BY 00NGEE6S, JULY 26, 1866. 

A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela- 
tions of the United States. 

Be it enacted^ c&c, That if any citizen of the 
United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic- 
tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to 
serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo- 
ple in war by land or by sea against any prince. 
State, colony, district or people with whom the 
United States are at peace, the person so offending 
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall 
on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not 
exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding 
two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in 
which such offender may be convicted. 

Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That if any 



NETJTEALITT LAW. 169 

pei'son shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of 
the United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or 
retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to 
go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United 
States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the 
service of any foreign prince. State, colony, district 
or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on 
board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva- 
teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty 
of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor 
be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im- 
prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of 
them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such 
offender shall be convicted; provided that this act 
shall not be construed to extend to any subject or 
citizen of any foreign prince. State, colony, district 
or people, who shall transiently be within tlie United 
States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war, 
letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of 
its arrival within the United States, was fitted and 
equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire^or 
retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign 
prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran- 
siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself, 
to serve such foreign prince, State, colony, district or 
people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-marque 
or privateer, if the United States shall then be at 



170 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people. 

Sec. 3. And he it further enacted, That if any 
person shall within the limits of the United States fit 
out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro- 
cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly 
be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm- 
ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship 
or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for- 
eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise 
or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or 
property of any foreign prince. State, or any colony, 
district or people with whom the United States are 
at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within 
the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for 
any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em- 
ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per- 
son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall 
have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing 
from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent 
to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions 
of this act, every person so offending shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction 
thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, 
and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or 
either of them, at the discretion of the Court in 
which such offender shall be convicted ; and every 



NEUTRALITY LAW. 171 

sucli ship and vessel, witli her tackle, apparel and 
furniture, together with all materials, arms^ ammu- 
nition and stores which may have been procured for 
the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited 
to the United States of America. 

Sec. 4. A^id he it ftcrther enacted, That it shall 
be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by 
law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture 
incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize 
such ships and vessels in such places and in such 
manner in which the officers of the Customs are em- 
powered to make seizures under the law for the col- 
lection and protection of the revenue, and that every 
such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and 
furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu- 
nition and stores which may belong to or be on board 
such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned 
for the violation of the provisions of this act in like 
manner as ships or yessels may be prosecuted and 
condemned for any breach of the laws made for the 
collection and protection of the revenue. 

Sec. 5. And he it furtJier enacted, That if any 
person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the 
United States, increase or augment, or procure to be 
increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be con- 
cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any 
ship of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which 



172 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

at the time of her arrival within the United States 
was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the 
service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of 
any such prince, State, colony, district or people, the^ 
same being at war with any foreign prince. State, 
colony, district or people with whom the United 
States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns 
of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her 
for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of 
any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall 
have on board any person or persons who shall have 
enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall 
be departing from the jurisdiction of the United 
States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention 
of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend- 
ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or 
imprisonment, or either of them, at the discretion of 
the court in which such offender shall be convicted. 

Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That the Dis- 
trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints, 
informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by 
whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made 
within the waters of the United States or within a 
marine league of the coasts or shores thereof. 

Sec. 7. And he it further enacted^ That in every 



NEUTRALITY LAW. 173 

case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed. 



or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or 
other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented, 
in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within 
the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as 
before defined, and in every case in which any pro- 
cess issuing out of any court of the United States 
shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per- 
sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser 
or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of 
any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or 
citizens of any foreign prince. State, or of any colony, 
district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful 
for the President of the United States, or such other 
person as he shall have empowered for that purpose 
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of 
the United States or of the militia thereof, for the 
purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or 
vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to 
the execution of the prohibition or penalties of this 
act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the 
cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged. 
Sec. 8. A^id he it futher enacted^ That it shall 
be lawful for the President of the United States, or 
such person as he shall empower for that purpose, 
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of 
the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall 



174: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to 
depart the United States in all cases in which, by 
the laws of nations or the treaties of the United 
States they ought not to remain within the United 
States. 

Sec. 9. And he it further enacted^ That offences 
made punishable by the provisions of this act, com- 
mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the 
jurisdiction of the Uuited States, may be prosecuted 
and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the 
offences prohibited by this act. 

Sec. 10. And he it further enacted^ That noth- 
ing in this act shall be so construed as to prohibit 
citizens of the United States from selling vessels, 
ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or 
materials or munitions of war, the growth or product 
of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to 
Governments not at war with the United States : 
provided that the operation of this section of this act 
shall be suspended by the President of the United 
States with regard to any classes of purchases, when- 
ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or 
whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with 
any foreign nation may in liis judgment require it. 

Sec. 11. And he it further enacted^ That noth- 
ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent 
the prosecution or punishment of treason, or any 



NEUTEALITY LAW. 175 

jiracj or other felony defined by the laws of the 
United States. 

Sec. 12. And he it further enacted, That all acts 
and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of 
this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or 
forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. The 
acts forbidden herein are hereby repealed. 



UNITED STATES CENSUS FOE 1870; 

With the Population of each Decade for Half a Century. 



New York.. 


4,370,846 


3,880,735 


3,097,394 


2,428,921 


1,918,608 


1,372,111 


Penusylvca.. 


3,511,543 


2,906,215 


2,311,786 


1,724,033 


1,348,233 


1,047,507 


Ohio 


2,652,302 


2,339,511 


1,980,329 


1,519,467 


937,903 


581 295 


Illinois 


§,529,410 


1,711,951 


851,470 


476,133 


157,445 


55,161 


Missouri. .. 


1,691,693 


1,182 012 


682,044 


383,702 


140,455 


66,557 


Indiana 


1,655,675 


1,350,428 


988,416 


685,866 


343,031 


147,178 


Mas-achus . 


1,457,351 


1,231,066 


994.514 


737,699 


610,408 


523,159 


Kentucky . . 


1,320,407 


1,155,684 


982,405 


779,828 


687,917 


564,135 


Tennessee.. 


1,225,937 


1,109,801 


1,002 717 


829.210 


.681,904 


422,761 


Virginia. .. 


1,211,442 


1,596,318 


1,421,661 


1,239,797 


1,211.405 


1,065.129 


Michigan... 


1,184,653 


749,113 


397.654 


212,267 


31,639 


8,765 


Iowa 


1,181,359 


674,913 


192,214 


43,112 






Georgia 


1,174,832 


1,057,286 


906,185 


691,392 


516,823 


340,983 


Wisconsin . 


1,055 501 


775 881 


.305,391 


30,945 







N. Carolina 


1,016.954 


992,622 


869,039 


753,419 


737,987 


638,829 


Alabama... 


996,175 


964,201 


771,623 


590,756 


309,527 


127,901 


N. Jersey . . 


903,014 


672,035 


489,5.55 


373,306 


320,823 


277,426 


Mississippi 


842,056 


791,305 


616,526 


375,651 


136,621 


75,443 


Texas 


795,500 


604.215 


212,592 






^ ...r... 


Maryland . . 


790,095 


687,049 


583,034 


470,019 


447,040 


407,350 


Louisiana.. 


734,420 


708,002 


517,762 


342.411 


215,739 


152 923 


S. Carolina. 


705,789 


703,708 


668,507 


594,398 


581,185 


502,741 


Maine 


628,719 


628,279 


583,169 


501,793 


399,455 


298,269 


California.. 


549,808 


379.994 


92,597 








Connecticut 


537,417 


460,147 


370,792 


309,978 


297.675 


2-5,102 


Arkansas. . . 


473,174 


435,450 


209,897 


^,oU 


30,388 


14,255 


WestVa.... 


441,094 













Minnesota.. 


424,543 


172.023 


6,077 










Kansas 


379,497 
330.582 


107,206 
315,098 


314,120 


291,848 


280,652 


, 


Vermont... 


235 749 


N. Hamps'e 


317,710 


326.073 


317,976 


284,574 


269,328 


241,022 


Rhode IsPd 


217,356 


174,620 


147,545 


108,830 


97,199 


83,015 


Florida.... 


189,995 


140,424 


87,445 


54,477 


34,730 


\ 


Delaware... 


125,015 


112,216 


91,532 


78,085 


76,748 


72,749 


Nebraska . . 


116,888 


28,841 








1 


Oregon 


90,878 


52,465 


13,294 








Nevada 


42,456 


6857 








33,039 


Dis. Colum. 


131,706 


750,80 


51,687 


43,712 


39,834 


Territories. 


288,161 


184,497 


72,927 









Total Union. 38,538,180 31,443,321 2.3,191,876 17,069,453 12,866,020 9,638,191 
TERRITORIES. 

New Mexico, 86,122 Washington, 23,925 Dakota, 14,181 

Utah, 70,000 Montana 20,594 Arizona, 9,658 

Colorado, 39,681 Idaho, 14,882 Wyoming, 9,118 



CENSUS OF 1870. 



Population of 100 Large Cities of the United States. 



OFFICIAL— From the Advance Sheets of the Census Bureau, at Washington, D. C. 



10. 
11. 
1-2. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 

n. 

18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28, 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
30. 
37. 
38. 
3!). 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
146. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 



New York, N. Y 942,946 

Philadelphia, Pa 674,u22 

Brooklyn, N. Y 396,300 

St. Louis, Mo 312.963 

Chicago, 111 298,983 

Baltimore, Mel 267.354 

Boston, Mass 25i>,526 

Cincinnati. O 216.239 

New Orleans, La 191,322 

San Francisco, Cal 149.482 

Buffalo, N.Y... 117,715 

Washington, D. C 109,204 

Newark, N. J 105,078 

Louisville, Ky 100,754 

Cleveland, O 92,846 

Pittsburg, Pa 86,235 

Jersey City, N. J 81.744 

Detroit, Mich 79,580 

Milwaukee, Wis 71,499 

Albany, N. Y 69,422 

Providence, R. 1 68,906 

Rochester, N.Y 62,385 

Alleghany City, Pa 53.181 

Richmond, Va 51,038 

New Haven, Conn 50,840 

Charleston, S. C 48,9i;6 

Troy, N.Y 40,471 

Syracuse, N.Y 43,051 

Worcester, Mass 41,105 

Lowell, Mass 40,928 

Memphis, Tenu . : 40,226 

Cambridge, Mass , 39,634 

Hartford, Conn 37,180 

Indianapolis, Ind... ... 41,600 

Scranton, Pa , 35,093 

Reading, Pa. .,.,.,, „„.. ... . , 33,932 

Columbus, O, ,.,.,. ., 33,745 

Patterson, N.; J ..,.. 33,582 

Dayton, O...... ,...,.. . 32,579! 

Kansas ^City, Mo....,.,.,.,' .S2,2H0. 

Mobile,'^- Ala. . . , .,.-. ........ 32,084' 

Portland,-. Me . .-..,.. ...r. . .-. 31 ,414 

Wilmington, Del.-.,.....,.,. 30,841i 

Lawrence, Mass.-^r^-.-.^,-.-^ 28,921' 

Utica,N. Y,..T.-..-x....... 28,804 

Toledo. O.. .■..-.-., 28,546 

Charlestown, Mass, .... <I8 323 

Savannah, Ga 28,235 

Lynn, Mass ... 28,233 

Fall River, Mass 26,780 



Springfield, Mass 26,703 

Nashville, Tenn 25,872 

Peoria,Hl 25,787 

Covington, Ky 24,505 

Salem, Mass 24,117 

Quincy.Ill 24,053 

Manchester, N, H 23,536 

Harrisburg, Pa 23,109 

Trenton, N.J 22,874 

Evansville, Ind 22,830 

New Bedford, Mass. .... 21,320 

Oswego, N.Y 20 910 

Elizabeth, N. J 20,838 

Lancaster, Pa 20,233 

Po'keepsie, N. Y 20,080 

Camden, N. J 20,8 15 

Davenport, Iowa 20,042 

St. Paul, Minn 20,031 

Wheel ing, W. Va 19,282 

Norfolk, Va 19,256 

Taunton, Mass 18,629 

Chelsea, Mass 18,547 

Dubuque, Iowa 18 404 

Bangor, Me 18,289 

Petersburg, Va 18,266 

Leavenworth, Kan 17,849 

Fort Wayne, Ind 17.718 

Springfield, III 17,365 

Newburgh, N. Y 17,014 

Atlanta, Ga., 10,986 

Norwich, Conn 16,653 

Sacramento, Cal .... 16,484 

Omaha, Neb , 16,083 

Lockport, N. Y. 15,458 

Augusta, Ga. 15,389 

Gloucester,'- Mass 15,387 

New Brunswick, N. J. . , 15,059 

New Albany, Ind. , 14,273 

Galveston, Tex . - .-.-.,...„., 13,818 

Newburyport.,Mass.-..,., 13,595 

Alexandria,\Va.-... .-.-.- , 13,570 

Wilmington,' N.' C -..^ 13,446 

Bridgeport, Conn.. ^ 13,299 

[Newport, R.- 1... .,.,,.,.,.., ., 12,521 

Little Rock,i' Ark. ....„,..,.. 12,380 

Zanesville, O . . . . .'.. 12,379 

Concord,N. H 12,241 

D es Moines, Iowa 12,035 

Waterbury, Conn 10,826 

Raleigh, N.C 10,149 



178 



NATIONAL IIAND-BOOK. 



SLAVE POPULATIOI!^ IN THE U. S. IN 1860. 



States. IROO. 

Alabama 435,183 

Arkansas 111,104 

Delaware 1,798 

Florida 61,753 

Georgia 462,230 

Kentucky 225,490 

Louisiana 332,520 

Maryland 87,188 

Mississippi 436,696 

Missouri 114,965 



States. I860. 

North Carolina 331,081 

South Carolina 402,541 

Tennessee 275,784 

Texas 180,388 

Virginia 490,887 

Nebraska (Territory). 10 

Utah " 29 

New Mexico " 24 

District of Columbia. 3,181 



Total. 



3,952,801 



STATISTICS OF SLAVEKT BEFORE THE 
REVOLUTION.. 

AMEBIC AN SLAVEEY IN 1715. 



In the reign of George I., the ascertained popula- 
tion of the Continental Colonies was as follows : 

White Men. Negro Slaves. 

New Hampshire 9,500 150 

Massachusetts 94, 000 2, 000 

Rhode Island 7,500 500 

Connecacut 46,000 1,500 

New York 27,000 4,000 

Pennsylvania 48,300 2,500 

New Jersey 21,000 1,500 

Maryland 40,700 9,400 

Virginia 72,000 23,000 

North Carolina 7,500 3,700 

South Carolina 6,250 10,500 

Total 375,000 58,550 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 179 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUOLAS. 

DKLIVEKED AT CHICAGO, MAY IST, 1861. 

Me. Chairman ; I thank yon for the kind terms 
in which you have been pleased to welcome me. I 
thank tlie Committee and citizens of Chicago for this 
grand and imposing reception. I beg you to believe 
that I will not do you nor myself the injustice to 
believe this magnificent ovation is personal homage 
to myself. I rejoice to know that it expresses your 
devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag 
of our country. (Cheers.) 

I will not conceal gratification at the uncontro- 
vertible test this vast audience presents — that what 
political dififerences or party questions may have 
divided us, yet you all had a conviction that when 
the country should be in danger, my loyalty could be 
relied on. That the present danger is imminent, no 
man can conceal. If war must come — if the bayonet 
must be used to maintain the Constitution — I can 



1,80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ' 

say before God mj conscience is clean. I have 
struggled long for a peaceful solution of the difficulty. 
I have not only tendered those States what was 
theirs of right, but I have gone to the very extreme 
of magnanimity. 

The return we receive is war, armies marched 
upon our capital, obstructions and dangers to our 
navigation, letters of marque to invite pirates to prey 
upon our commerce, a concerted movement to blot 
out the United States of America from the map of 
the globe. The question is. Are we to maintain the 
country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken 
down by those who, when they can no longer govern, 
threaten to destroy ? 

What cause, what excuse do disunionists give us 
for breaking up the best Government on which the 
sun of heaven ever shed its rays ? They are dissatis- 
fied with the result of a Presidential election. Did 
they never get beaten before ? Are we to resort to 
the sword when we get defeated at the ballot box ? 
I understand it that the voice of the people expressed 
in the mode appointed by the Constitution must 
command the obedience of every citizen. They 
assume, on the election of a particular candidate, 
that their rights are not safe in the Union. What 
evidence do they present of this ? I defy any man 
to show any act on which it is based. What act has 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 181 

been omitted to be done ? I appeal to these assem- 
bled thousands that so far as the constitutional rights 
of the Southern States, I will say the constitutional 
rights of slaveholders, are concerned, nothing has 
heen done, and nothing omitted, of which they can 
complain. 

There has never been a time from the day that 
Washini>;ton was inauo^urated first President of these 
United States, when the rights of the Southern 
States stood firmer under the laws of the land than 
they do now ; there never was a time when they had 
not as good a cause for disunion as they have to-day. 
What good cause have they now that has not existed 
under every Administration ? 

If they say the Territorial question — now, for the 
first time, there is no act of Congress prohibiting 
slavery anywhere. If it be the non-enforcement of 
the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have 
been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of 
the Fugitive Slave Law. Then what reason have 
they ? 

The slavery question is a mere excuse. The 
election of Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present 
secession movement is the result of an enormous con- 
spiracy formed more than a year since— formed by 
leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than 
twelve months ago. 



182 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

They use the Slavery question as a means to aid 
the accomplishment of their ends. They desired the 
election of a Northern candidate, by a sectional vote, 
in order to show that the two sections cannot live 
together. When the history of the two years from 
the Lecbmpton charter down to the Presidential 
election shall be written, it will be shown that the 
scheme was deliberately made to break up this 
Union. 

They desired a Northern Eepublican to be elected 
by a purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact 
as a reason why the sections may not longer live 
together. If the disunion candidate in the late Presi- 
dential contest had carried the united South, their 
scheme was, the Northern candidate successful, to 
seize the Capital last spring, and by a united South 
and divided North hold it. That scheme was 
defeated in the defeat of the disunion candidate in 
several of the Southern States. 

Put this is no time for a detail of causes. The 
conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised, 
war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two 
sides to the question. Every man must be for the 
United States or against it. There can be no neu- 
trals in this war ; only patriots — or traitors. 

Thank God, Illinois is not divided on this ques- 
tion. (Cheers.) I know they expected to present a 



SPEECH OP HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 183 

united South against a divided IN'ortli. Tliey hoped 
in the JSTorthern States, party questions would bring 
civil war between Democrats and ^Republicans, when 
the South would step in with her cohorts, aid ona 
party to conquer the other, and then make easy prey 
of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil 
war in the JN'orth. 

There is but one way to defeat this. In Illinois 
it is being so defeated by closing up the ranks. War 
will thus be prevented on our own soil. While there 
was a hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable 
sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when 
the question comes of war in the cotton-fields of the 
South, or the corn-fields of Illinois, I say the farther 
off the better. 

We can not close our eyes to the sad and solemn 
fact that war does exist. The Government must be 
maintained, its enemies overthrown, and the more 
stupendous our preparations the less the bloodshed, 
and the shorter the struggle. But we must remember 
certain restraints on our action even in time of war. 
We are a Christian people, and the war must be 
prosecuted in a manner recognized by Christian 
nations. ^ 

We must not invade Constitutional rights. The 
innocent must not suffer, nor women and children be 
the victims. Savages must not be let loose. But 



184 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

while I sanction no war on the rights of others, I will 
im])lore my countrymen not to lay down their arms 
until our own rights are recognized. (Cheers.) 

The Constitution and its guarantees are our birth- 
right, and I am ready to enforce that inalienable 
ri^ht to the last extent. We can not reco2:nize seces- 
sion. Recognize it once, and you have not only 
dissolved government, but you have destroyed social 
order — upturned the foundations of society. You 
have inaugurated anarchy in its worst form, and will 
shortly experience all the horrors of the French 
Revolution. 

Then we have a solemn duty — to maintain the 
Government. The greater our unanimity, tlie 
speedier the day of peace. We have prejudices to 
overcome from the few short months since of a fierce 
party contest. Yet these must be allayed. Let us 
lay aside all criminations and recriminations as to 
the origin of these difficulties. When we shall have 
again a country with the United States flag floating 
over it, and respected on every inch of American 
soil, it will then be time enough to ask who and 
what brought all this upon us. 

I have said more than I intended to say. (Cries 
of " Go on.") It is a sad task to discuss questions so 
fearful as civil war ; but sad as it is, bloody and dis- 
astrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 185 

conviction before God, that it is the duty of every 
American citizen to rally round the flag of his 
country. 

I thank you again for this magnificent demonstra- 
tion. By it you show you have laid aside party 
strife. Illinois has a proud position — United, firm, 
determined never to permit the Government to be 
destroyed. (Prolonged cheering.) 



186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PRESIDENT LINOOLFS FIEST CALL FOR 
TROOPS. 

ATEiL 15th, 1861. 

Whereas^ the laws of the United States have been 
for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the 
execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South 
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, 
Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful 
to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial 
proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals 
by law ; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- 
dent of the United States, in virtue of the power in 
me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have 
thought fit to call forth the Militia of the several 
States of the Union to the aggregate number of 
75,000, in order to suppress said combinations, and 
to cause the laws to be duly executed. 

The details for this object will be immediately 
comnmnicated to the State authorities through the 



187 



War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to 
favor, facilitate, and aid, this effort to maintain the 
honor, the integrity, and existence, of our national 
Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, 
and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. 
I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned 
to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to 
repossess the forts, places, and property which have 
been seized from the Union ; and in every event the 
utmost care wil] be observed, consistently with the 
objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any 
destruction of, or interference with property, or any 
disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the 
country ; and I hereby command the persons compos- 
ing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire 
peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty 
days from this date. 

Deeming that the present condition of public 
affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, 
in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu- 
tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Sena- 
tors and Eepresentatives are, therefore, summoned to 
assemble at their respective chambers at twelve 
o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July 
next, then and there to consider and determine such 
measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and 
interest may seem to demand. 



183 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, 
and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. 
Done at the City of Washington, this fifteenth day 
of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independ- 
ence of the United States the eighty-fifth. 

Abraham Lincoln. 
J3y the President. 

William H. Sewaed, Secretary of State, 



TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE 
DURING THE REBELLION. 

The various calls of the President for men were 
as follows : 



1861, — 3 months' men, 




75,000 


1861,-3 years' men, . 




500,000 


1862,-3 years' men, . 




300,000 


1862, — 9 months' men, 




300,000 


1864, — 3 years' men, February, 




. 500,000 


1864, — 3 years' men, March, 




200,000 


1864,-3 years' men, July, 




500,000 


1864, — 3 years' men, December, 




300,000 



Total, 



2,675,000 



These do not include the militia that were 
brought into service during the various invasions of 
Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania.* 



N. T. flHOTBEE OF COMMEKCE EESOLTJTIOM. 1S9 



EESOLUTIONS OF THE N. Y. OHAMBEE OF 
OOMMEEOE. 

SUSTAINING THE FEDEEAL GOVERNMENT AND URGING A STEIOT 
BLOCKADE OF SOUTHEEN POETS, APEIL 19tH, 1861. 

Whereas^ Our country lias, in the course of 
events, reached, a crisis unprecedented in its past 
history, exposing it to extreme dangers, and involv- 
ing the most momentous results ; and Whereas^ The 
President of the United States has, by his Proclama- 
tion, made known the dangers which threaten the 
stability of Government, and called upon the people 
to rally in support of the Constitution and laws ; and 
Whereas^ The merchants of IN^ew York, represented 
in this Chamber, have a deep stake in the results 
which may flow from the present exposed state of 
national aifairs, as well as a jealous regard for the 
honor of that flag under whose protection they have 
extended the commerce of this city to the remotest 
part of the world ; therefore, 



190 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

ResoVced^ That this Chamber, alive to the perils 
which have been gathering around oiir cherished 
form of Government and menacing its overthrow, 
has witnessed with lively satisfaction the determina- 
tion of the President to maintain the Constitution 
and vindicate the supremacy of Government and 
law at every hazard. (Cheers.) 

Resolved^ That the so-called secession of some ot 
the Southern States having at last culminated in 
open war against the United States, the American 
people can no longer defer their decision between 
anarchy or despotism on the one side, and on the 
other liberty, order, and law under the most benign 
Government the world has ever known. 

Resolmed^ That this Chamber, forgetful of past 
differences of political opinion among its members, 
will, wdth unanimity and patriotic ardor, support the 
Government in this great crisis: and it hereby 
pledges its best efforts to sustain its credit and facili- 
tate its financial operations. It also confidently 
appeals to all men of wealth to join in these efforts. 
(Applause.) 

Resolved^ That while deploring the advent of 
civil war which has been precipitated on the country 
by the madness of the South, the Chamber is per- 
suaded that policy and humanity alike demand that 
it should be met by the most prompt and energetic 



N. Y. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 191 

measures ; and it accordingly recommends to Gov- 
ernment the instant adoption and prof^ecution of a 
policy so vigorous and resistless, that it will crush 
put treason now and forever. (Applause.) 

Resolved^ That the proposition of Mr. Jefferson 
Davis to issue letters of marque to whosoever may 
apply for them, emanating from no recognized Gov- 
ernment, is not only without the sanction of public 
law, but piratical in its tendencies, and therefore 
deserving the stern condemnation of the civilized 
world. It cannot result in the fitting out of regular 
privateers, but may, in infesting the ocean with 
piratical cruisers, armed with traitorous commissions, 
to despoil our commerce and that of all other 
maritime nations. (Applause.) 

Hesol'ded^ That in view of this threatening evil, it 
is, in the opinion of this Chamber, the duty of our 
Government to issue at once a proclamation, warning 
all persons, that privateering under the commissions 
proposed will be dealt with as simple piracy. It 
owes this duty not merely to itself, but to other 
maritime nations, who have a right to demand that 
the CTnited States Government shall promptly discoun- 
tenance every attempt within its borders to legalize 
piracy. It should, also, at the earliest moment, block- 
ade every Southern port, so as to prevent the egress 
and ingress of such vessels. (Immense applause.) 



192 NATIONAL hand-booe:. 

Eesolmd, That the Secretary be directed to send 
copies of these resohitions to the Chambers of Com- 
merce of other cities, inviting their co-operation in 
such measures as may be deemed effective in 
strengthening the hands of Government in this 
emergency. 

Resolved^ That a copy of these resolutions, duly 
attested by the officers of the Chamber, be forwarded 
to the President of the United States. 

BLOCKADE EESOLUTIONS. 

Whereas^ "War against the Constitution and Gov- 
ernment of these United States has been commenced, 
and is carried on by certain combinations of indi- 
viduals, assuming to act for States at the South 
claiming to have seceded from the United States ; 
and 

^Tiereas^ Such combinations have officially pro- 
mulgated an invitation for the enrollment of vessels, 
to act under their authorization, and as so-called 
" privateers," against the flag and commerce of the 
United States ; therefore, 

Resol/Ded^ by the Chamber of Commerce of the 
State of ]S"ew York, That the United States Govern- 
ment be recommended and urged to blockade the 
ports of such States, or any other State that shall 



N. T. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 193 

join them, and that this measure is demanded for 
defence in war, as also for protection to the commerce 
of the United States against these so-called '' priva- 
teers " invited to enrol under the authority of such 
States. 

Resolved^ That the Chamber of Commerce of 
the State of ITew York pledges its hearty and cor- 
dial support to such measures as the Government of 
the United States may, in its wisdom, inaugurate 
and carry through in the blockade of such Dorts. 



194 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



A PEOOLAMATION, 

BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE TrNITED STATES OF AMEBIOA, 
BLOCKADING THE SOUTHEKN POETS. 

Whereas an insurrection against the Government 
of tlie United States lias broken out in the States of 
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the 
United States for the collection of the revenue can 
not be efficiently executed therein conformably to 
that provision of the Constitution which requires 
duties to be uniform throughout the United States : 

And Whereas a combination of persons, engaged 
in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pre- 
tended letters of marque to authorize the bearers 
thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and 
property of good citizens of the country lawfully 
engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters 
of the United States ; 

And Whereas an Executive Proclamation has 



BLOCKADE PEOCLAMATION. 195 

been already issued, requiring the persons engaged 
in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, 
calling out a militia force for the purpose of repress- 
ing the same, and convening Congress in extraordi- 
nary session to deliberate and determine thereon : 

"Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President 
of the United States, with a view to the same pur- 
poses before mentioned, and to the protection of the 
public peace, and the lives and property of quiet 
and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupa- 
tions, until Congress shall have assembled and 
deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or 
until the same shall have ceased, have further 
deemed advisable to set on foot a Blockade of the 
ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the 
laws of the United States and of the laws of nations 
in such cases provided. For this purpose a compe- 
tent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance 
and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, 
therefore, with a view to violate such Blockade, a 
vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave any 
of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the 
Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who 
will endorse on her register the fact and date of such 
warning ; and if the same vessel shall again attempt 
to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be cap- 
tured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for 



196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Buch proceedings against her and her cargo as prize 
as may be deemed advisable. 

And I hereby proclaim and declare, that if any 
person, under the pretended authority of said States, 
or under any other pretence, shall molest a vessel ot 
the United States, or the persons or cargo on board 
of her, such person will be held amenable to the 
laws of the United States for the prevention and 
punishment of piracy. 

Abbaham Lincoln. 
By the President. 

William H. Seward, Secretary of State. 

Washington, April 19, 1861. 



THE EMAKCIPATION PB0CLA1L4.TI0N. 197 



THE EMANCIPATION PEOOLAMATION. 

BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA. 

Whereas, on the twenty-second day of Septen> 
ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by 
the President of the United States, containing among 
other things the following, to wit : 

" That on the first day of January, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or 
designated part of a State, the people whereof shall 
then be in rebellion against the United States, shall 
be then, thenceforth and forever free, and the 
Executive Government of the United States, includ- 
ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will 
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, 
and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or 
any of them, in any efforts they may make for their 
actual freedom. 

"That the Executive will, on the first day of 



198 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Jaiuiarj aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the 
States and parts of States, if any, in which the people 
thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against 
the United States, and the fact that any State, or 
the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith 
represented in the Congress of the United States by 
members chosen thereto at elections wherein a ma- 
jority of the qualified voters of such State shall have 
participated, shall, in the absence of strong counter- 
vailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence 
that such State and the people tliereof are not then 
in rebellion against the United States." 

Now, therefore, T, ABEAHAM LUSTCOLN, 
President of the United States, by virtue of the 
power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the 
Army and l!^avy of the United States in time of 
actual armed rebellion against the authority and 
government of the United States, and as a fit and 
necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, 
do, on this first day of January, in the year of our 
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 
and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly 
proclaim for the full period of one hundred days 
from the day of the first above mentioned order, and, 
designate, as the States and parts of States wherein 
the people thereof respectively are this day in rebel- 
lion against the United States, the following, to wit : 



THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION". 199 

AEKAE'SAS, TEXAS, LOUISIAE"A, (except the 
Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. 
John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, 
Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and 
Orleans, including the City of Orleans), MISSIS- 
SIPPI, ALABAMA, FLOKIDA, GEOKGIA, 
SOUTH CAKOLIISrA, NOETH CAKOLOTA, and 
YIPGINIA (except the forty-eight counties desig- 
nated as West Yirginia, and also the counties of 
Berkley, Accomac, ISTorthampton, Elizabeth City, 
York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the 
cities of JN'orfolk and Portsmouth), and which ex- 
cepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if 
this Proclamation were not issued. 

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose 
aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons 
HELD AS SLAVES witMu Said designated States and 
parts of States are, and henceforward SHALL BE 
FREE ! and that the Executive Government of the 
United States, including the military and naval au- 
thorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the 
freedom of said persons. 

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared 
to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in 
necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them 
that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully 
for reasonable wages. 



200 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

And I further declare and make known that such 
persons of suitable condition will be received into 
the armed service of the United States to garrison 
forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man 
vessels of all sorts in said service. 

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an 
act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon 
military necessity, I invoke the considerate judg- 
ment of mankind and the gracious favor of Al- 
mighty God. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my 
name, and caused the seal of the United States to be 
affixed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this first day 

of January, in the year of our Lord one 

Tl. s.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 

and of the Independence of the United 

States the eighty-seventh. 

ABRAHAM LUSTCOLK. 
By the President. 

William H. Sewabd, 

Secretary of State. 



THB CONFISCATION ACT. 20] 



TEE OONFISOATION ACT. 

TO CONFISCATE PEOPEETT USED FOR INSDEREOTIONAEY PURPOSES. 

Be it enacted^ etc.^ That if, during the present or 
any future insurrection against the Government of 
the United States, after the President of the United 
States shall have declared, by proclamation, that the 
laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe- 
cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow- 
erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of 
judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the 
marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or 
their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or 
acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind 
or description, with intent to use or employ the 
same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in 
aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or 
resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en- 
gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the 



202 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

owner or owners of any sucli property, shall know- 
ingly use or employ, or consent to tlie use or employ- 
ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property is 
hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and 
capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of 
the President of the United States to cause the same 
to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. 

Sec. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con- 
demned in the district or circuit court of the United 
States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi- 
ralty in any district in which the same may be seized, 
or into which they may be taken and proceedings 
first instituted. 

Sec. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district 
attorney of the United States in which said property 
may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of 
condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly 
for the benefit of the United States ; or any person 
may file an information with such attorney, in which 
case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in- 
former and the United States in equal parts. 

Sec. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the j)resent 
insurrection against the Government of the United 
States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser- 
vice under the law of any State, shall be required or 
permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser- 
vice is claimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of 



THE CONFISCATION ACT. 203 

Bucli persons, to take up arms against the United 
States, or shall he required or permitted by the per- 
son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be 
due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed 
in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, sliip, 
intrenchment, or in any military or naval service 
whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au- 
thority of the United States, then, and in cv^ery such 
case, the person to whom such labor or service is 
claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor, 
any law of the State or of the United States to the 
contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter 
the person claiming such labor or service shall seek 
to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and sufficient 
answer to such claim that the person whose service 
or labor is claimed had been employed in the hostile 
service against the Government of the United States, 
contrary to the provisions of this act. 



204: NAIIONAL HANU-BOOK. 



PIEST INAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT 
LINCOLN 

Maeoh 4th, 1861. 

Fellow- Citizens of the United States: 

In compliance with a custom as old as the Gov- 
ernment itself, I appear before yon to address you 
briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath pre- 
scribed by the Constitution of the United States to 
be taken by the President, before he enters on the 
execution of his ofiice. 

I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me 
to discuss those matters of administration about 
which there is no special anxiety or excitement. 
Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the 
Southern States, that, by the accession of a Repub- 
lican Administration, their property and their peace 



mAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF PEESmENT LINCOLN. 205 

and personal security are to be endangered. There 
has never been any reasonable cause for such appre- 
hension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the 
contrary has all the while existed, and been open to 
their inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub- 
lished speeches of him who now addresses you. I 
do but quote from one of those speeches, when I 
declare that " I have no purpose, directly or indi- 
rectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in 
the States where it exists." I believe I have no 
lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to 
do so. Those who nominated and elected me, did so 
with the full knowledge that I had made this, and 
made many similar declarations, and had never re- 
canted them. And, more than this, they placed in 
the platform, for my acceptance, and as a law to 
themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu- 
tion which I now read : 

''Hesolved^ That the maintenance inviolate of the 
rights of the States, and especially the right of each 
State to order and control its own domestic institu- 
tions according to its own judgment exclusively, is 
essential to that balance of power on which the per- 
fection and endurance of our political fabric depend ; 
and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force 
of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under 
what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes." 



206 NATIONAL hand-book:. 

1 now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so 
I oiilj press upon the public attention the most con- 
chisive evidence o^ which the case is susceptible, that 
the propert}', peace, and security of no section are 
to be in anywise endangered by the now incoming 
Administration. 

I add, too, that all the protection which, consist- 
ently with the Constitution and the laws, can be 
given will be cheerfully given to all the States when 
lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully 
to one section as to another. 

There is much controvery about the delivering 
up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I 
now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as 
any other of its provisions : 

" No person held to service or labor in one State 
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be 
discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such 
service or labor may be due." 

It is scarcely questioned that this provision was 
intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of 
what we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of 
the lawgiver is the law. 

All members of Congress swear their support to 
the whole Constitution — to this provision as well as 



IITAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PEESmENT L,tNCOLN. 207 

Em J other. To tlie proposition, tlien, that slaves 
whose cases come within the terms of this clause 
" shall be delivered up," their oaths are unanimous. 
ISTow, if they would make the effort in good temper, 
could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame 
and pass a law by means of which to keep good that 
unanimous oath ? 

There is some difference of opinion whether this 
clause should be enforced by National or by State 
authority ; but surely that difference is not a very 
material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it 
can be of but little consequence to him or to others 
by which authority it is done ; and should any one, 
in any case, be content that this oath shall go unkept 
on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it 
shall be kept ? 

Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not 
all the safeguards of liberty known in the civilized 
and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that 
a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a 
slave ? And might it not be well at the same time 
to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause 
in the Constitution which guaranties that " the citi- 
zens of each State shall be entitled to all the 
privileges and immunities of citizens of the several 
States?" 

I take the official oath to-day with no mental 



20^ NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

reservations, and with no purpose to construe the 
Constitution or laws bj any hypercritical rules ; and 
while I do not choose now to specify particular acts 
of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest 
that it will be much safer for all, both in official and 
private stations, to conform to and abide by all those 
acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of 
them, trusting to find impunity in having them held 
to be unconstitutional. 

It is seventy-two years since the first inaugura- 
tion of a President under our national Constitution. 
During that period fifteen difierent and very distin- 
guished citizens have in succession administered the 
executive branch of the government. They have 
conducted it through many perils, and generally 
with great success. Yet, with all this scope for pre- 
cedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief 
constitutional term of four years, under great and 
peculiar difficulties. 

A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore 
only menaced, is now formidably attemj^ted. I hold 
that in the contemplation of universal law and of 
the Constitution, the Union of these States is per- 
petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in 
the fundamental law of all national governments. 
It is safe to assert that no government proper ever 
had a provision in its organic law for its own termin- 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 



^09 



ation. Continue to execute all the express provisiong 
of our national Constitution, and the Union will 
endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it^ 
except bj some action not provided for in the instru- 
ment itself. 

Again, if the United States be not a government 
proper, but an association of States in the nature of 
a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably 
unmade by less than all the parties who made it? 
One party to a contract may violate it — break it, so 
to speak; but does it not require all to lawfully 
rescind it ? Descending from these general principles 
we find the proposition that in legal contemplation 
the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of 
the Union itself. 

The Union is much older than the Constitution. 
It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association 
in 1774. It was matured and continued in the Dec- 
laration of Independence in 1776. It was further 
matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States 
expressly plighted and engaged that it should be 
perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778 ; 
and, finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for 
ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to 
form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction 
of the Union by one or by a part only of 'the States 
be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, 



210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the Constitution having lost the vital element of 
perpetuity. 

It follows from these views that no State, upon 
its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the 
Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that effect, 
are legally void ; and that acts of violence within any 
State or States against the authority of the United 
States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, accord- 
ing to circumstances. 

I therefore consider that, in view of the Consti- 
tution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to 
the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the 
Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that 
the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in 
all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only 
a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform 
it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, 
the American people, shall withhold the requisition, 
or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. 

I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but 
only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will 
constitutionally defend and maintain itself. 

In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- 
lence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon 
the national authority. 

The power confided to me will he used to holdy 
occxijpy^ and possess the j^rojperty andjplaces helonging 



mAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PEESmENT LINCOLN". 211 

to the Govern7ne7it, and collect the duties and im- 
posts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these 
objects there will be no invasion, no using of force 
against or among the people anywhere. 

Where hostility to the United States shall be so 
great and so universal as to prevent competent resi- 
dent citizens from holding the Federal offices, there 
will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers 
among the people that object. While the strict 
legal right may exist of the Government to enforce 
the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so 
would be so irritating, and so nearly impracticable 
withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time 
the nses of such offices. 

The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be 
furnished in all parts of the Union. 

So far as possible, the people everywhere shall 
have that sense of perfect security which is most 
favorable to calm thought and reflection. 

The course here indicated will be followed, unless 
current events and experience shall show a modifica- 
tion or change to be proper ; and in every case and 
exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord- 
ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with 
a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national 
troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies 
and affections. 



212 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

That there are persons, in one section or anotlior, 
who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are 
glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor 
deny. But if there be such, I need address no word 
to them. 

To those, however, who really love the Union, 
may I not speak, before entering upon so grave a 
matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with 
all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes ? Would 
it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? Will you 
hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the 
ills you fly from, have no real existence ? Will you, 
while the certain ills you fly to, are greater than all 
the real ones you fly from ? Will you risk the com- 
mission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be 
content in the Union if all constitutional -rights 
can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, 
plainly written in the Constitution has been denied ? 
I think not. Happily the human mind is so consti- 
tuted, that no party can reach to the audacity of 
doing this. 

Think, if you can, of a single instance in which 
a plainly-written provision of the Constitution has 
ever been denied. If, by the mere force of nnmbers, 
a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly- 
written constitutional right, it might, in a moral 
point of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would, 



mAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PEESIDENT LINCOLlSr. 213 

if such riglit were a vital one. But such is not our 
case. 

All the vital rights of minorities and of individu- 
als are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and 
negations, guaranties and prohibitions in the Consti- 
tution, that controversies never arise concerning 
them. But no organic law can ever be framed with 
a provision specifically applicable to every question 
which may occur in practical administration. ISTo 
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reason- 
able length contain, express provisions for all possible 
questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered 
by national or by State authorities? The Constitu- 
tion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect 
slavery in the Territories ? The Constitution does 
not expressly say. From questions of this class, 
spring all our constitutional controversies, and we 
divide upon them into majorities and minorities. 

If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority 
must, or the government must cease. There is no 
alternative for continuing the government but acqui- 
escence on the one side or the other. If a minority 
in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce, 
they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and 
divide them, for a minority of their own will secede 
from them wheneve?* a majority refuses to be con- 
trolled by such a minority. For instance, why not 



214: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

any portion of a new confederacy, a year or t^vro 
hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions 
of the present Union now claim to secede from it ? 
All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being 
educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there 
Buch perfect identity of interests among the States to 
compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, 
and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central 
idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. 

A majority held in restraint by constitutional 
check and limitation, and always changing easily 
•with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sen- 
timents, is the only true sovereign of a free people. 
Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy 
or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible ; and the 
rule of a majority, as a permanent arrangement, is 
•wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority 
principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all 
that is left. 

I do not forget the position assumed by some 
that constitutional questions are to be decided by 
the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decis- 
ions must be binding in any case upon the parties to 
a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are 
also entitled to very high respect and consideration 
in all parallel cases by all other departments of the 
government ; and while it is obviously possible that 



nfAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 215 

such decision may be erroneous in any given case, 
still the evil effect following it, being limited to that 
particular case, with the chance that it may be over- 
ruled and never become a precedent for other cases, 
can better be borne than could the evils of a different 
practice. 

At the same time the candid citizen must confess 
that if the policy of the government upon the vital 
questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevo- 
cably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, 
the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation 
between parties in personal actions, the people will 
have ceased to be their own masters, unless having 
to that extent practically resigned their government 
into the hands of that eminent tribunal. 

!N'or is there in this view any assault upon the 
court or the judges. It is a duty from which they 
may not shrink, to decide cases properly brought 
before them ; and it is no fault of theirs if others seek 
to turn their decisions into political purposes. One 
section of our country believes slavery is right and 
ought to be extended, while the other believes it is 
wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the 
only substantial dispute ; and the fugitive slave 
clause of the Constitution, and the law for the sup 
pression of the foreign slave trade, are each as well 
enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com- 



216 NATIONAI. HAiTD-BOOK. 

munitj where the moral sense of the people imper- 
fectly supports the law itself. The great body of the 
people abide by the dry legal obligation in both 
cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, 
cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in 
both cases after the separation of the sections than 
before. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly 
suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without 
restriction, in one section ; while fugitive slaves, now 
only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered 
at all by the other. 

Physically speaking we cannot separate— we can- 
not remove our respective sections from each other, 
nor build an impassable wall between them. A 
husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of 
the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but 
the different sections of our country cannot do this. 
They cannot but remain face to face; and inter- 
course, either amicable or hostile, must continue 
between them. Is it possible, then, to make that 
intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory 
after separation than before? Can aliens make 
treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can 
treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens 
than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to 
war, you cannot fight always ; and when, after much 
loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease 



mAUGURAL ADBEESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 217 

fighting, the identical questions as to terms of inter- 
course are again upon you. 

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the 
people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow 
weary of the existing government, they can exercise 
their constitutional right of amending, or their revolu- 
tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I can- 
not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and 
patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national 
Constitution amended. While I make no recom- 
mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full 
authority of the people over the whole subject, to be 
exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the 
instrument itselfj and I should, under existing cir- 
cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair oppor- 
tunity being afforded the people to act upon it. 

I will venture to add, that to me the convention 
mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments 
to originate with the people themselves, instead of 
only permitting them to take or reject propositions 
originated by others not especially chosen for the 
purpose, and which might not be precisely such as 
they would wish either to accept or refuse. I under- 
stand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution 
(which amendment, however, I have not seen) has 
passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Gov- 
ernment shall never interfere with the domestic 
10 



218 NATION AI. HAND-BOOK. 

institutions of States, including that of persons held 
to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I 
have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of 
particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding 
such a provision to now be implied constitutional 
law, I have no objection to its being made express 
and irrevocable. 

The chief magistrate derives all his authority 
from the people, and they have conferred none upon 
him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. 
The people themselves, also, can do this if they 
choose, but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do 
with it. His duty is to administer the present gov- 
ernment as it came to his hands, and to transmit it 
unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should 
there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate 
justice of the people ? Is there any better or equal 
hope in the world? In our present difierences is 
either party without faith of being in the right ? If 
the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal 
truth and justice, be on your side of the JSTorth, or on 
yours of the South, that truth and that justice will 
surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal, 
the American people. By the frame of the Govern- 
ment under which we live, this same people have 
wisely given their public servants but little power 
for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 219 

for the return of that little to their own hands at 
very short intervals. While the people retain their 
virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex- 
treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure 
the Government in the short space of four years. 

My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and 
well upon this whole subject. ISTothing valuable can 
be lost by taking time. 

If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot 
haste, to a step which you would never take deliber- 
ately, that object will be frustrated by taking time ; 
but no good object can be frustrated by it. 

Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the 
old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive 
point, the laws of your own framing under it ; while 
the new administration will have no immediate 
power, if it would, to change either. 

If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied 
hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no 
single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, 
patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him 
who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are 
still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our 
present difficulties. 

In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, 
and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. 
The government will not assail you. 



220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

You can have no conflict without being your- 
selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered 
in Heaven to destroy the government ; while I shall 
have the most solemn one to " preserve, protect, and 
defend it." ^ 

I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but 
friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion 
may have strained, it must not break our bonds of 
affection. 

The mystic cords of memory, stretching from 
every battle-field and patriot grave to every living 
heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will 
yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again 
touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels 
of our nature. 



THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE GOVERNMENT. 221 



THE BALANCE SHEET OP THE GOVERNMENT, 

BEFOEB AND SINCE THE WAE, 1859 AND 1865. 



The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1859, were as follows : 

From Customs $49,565,824 38 

From Public Lands 1,756,687 30 

From Miscellaneous Sources 2,082,559 33 

From Treasury Notes 9,667,400 00 

From Loans 18,620,000 00 



Aggregate resources for the year ending 

June 30, 1859 $88,090,787 11 

Which amount was expended as follows : 
Civil, Foreign and Miscellan's. .$23,635,820 94 
Interior (Indians and Pensions), 4,753,972 60 

War Department 23,243,822 38 

Navy Department 14,712,610 21 

Public Debt 17,405,285 44 



Total expenses for the year $83,751,511 57 

Balance in Treasury July 1, 1859 4,339,275 64 

The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1865, was $1,898,532,533 24, of which were 
received : 

From loans applied to expenses $864,863,499 17 

From loans applied to Public Debt 607,361,241 68 

From Internal Revenue. 209,464,215 25 

Expenditures for the year $1,897,674,224 09 

War Department charged with 1,031^323,360 79 

Balance in Treasury July 1, 1865 658,309 15 

Total increase of Public Debt during the 

year 941,902,537 04 



222 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDEJITT LmCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST 
INAUGUEAL ADDEESS. 

Mabch 4, 1865. 

Fellow-Cotintrtmen : At this second appearing 
to take tlie oiitli of the Presidential office, there is 
less occasion for an extended address than there was 
at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, 
(f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and 
proper. ITow, at the expiration of four years, during 
which public declarations have been constantly 
called forth on every point and phase of the great 
contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses 
the energies of the nation, little that is new could be 
presented. 

The progress of our arms, upon which all else 
chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to 
myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and 
encouraging to all. "With high hope for the future, 
no prediction in regard to it is ventured. 



223 



On the occasion corresponding to this four years 
ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im- 
pending civil war. AIL dreaded it ; all sought to 
avoid it. While the inaugural address was being 
delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav- 
ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in 
the city seeking to destroy it without war — seeking 
to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego- 
tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of 
them would make war rather than let the nation 
survive ; and the other would rather accept war than 
let it perish, and the war came. 

One-eighth of the whole population were colored 
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but 
localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves 
constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All 
knew that this interest was somehow the cause of 
the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend 
this interest, was the object for which the insurgents 
would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov- 
ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict 
the territorial enlargement of it. 

ITeither party expected for the war the magni- 
tude or the duration which it has already attained. 
Keither anticipated that the cause of the conflict 
might cease with, or even before the conflict itself 
should cease. Each looked for an easier tri 



224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

umph, and a result less fundamental and astound- 
ing. 

Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same 
God ; and each invoke his aid against the other. It 
may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a 
just God's assistance in wringing their bread from 
the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, 
that we be not judged. The prayers of both could 
not be answered. That of neither has been an- 
swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. 
" Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must 
must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that 
man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall 
suppose that American slavery is one of these offen- 
ces, which, in the providence of God, must needs 
come, but which, having continued through his 
appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he 
gives to both North and South this terrible war as 
the woe due to those by whom the offence came, 
shall we discern therein any departure from those 
divine attributes which the believers in a living God 
always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer- 
vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war 
may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- 
tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's 
two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall 
be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with 



225 



the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the 
sword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still 
it must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are 
true and righteous altogether." 

With malice toward none, with charity to all, 
with firmness in the right, as God gives "us to see the 
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; 
to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who 
shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and 
his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and cher- 
ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and 
with all nations. 



226 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF 
AMNESTY. 

AOOOMPAITTINa THE PEESIDKNt's MESSAGE, DEOEMBEE 8, 1863. 

Wheeeas, in and by the Constitution of the 
United States, it is provided that the President 
" shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons 
for offences against the United States, except in 
cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now 
exists whereby the loyal State governments oi several 
States have for a long time been subverted, and 
many persons have committed and are now guilty of 
treason against the United States ; and w^hereas, 
with reference to said rebellion and treason, laws 
have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures 
and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, 
all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and 
also declaring that the President was thereby author- 
ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to 
extend to persons who may have participated in the 



227 



existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par- 
don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such 
times and on such conditions as he may deem expe- 
dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con- 
gressional declaration for limited and conditional 
pardon accords with well established judicial exposi- 
tion of the pardoning power ; and whereas, with 
reference to said rebelHon, the President of the 
United States has issued several proclamations with 
provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and 
whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore 
engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance 
to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State 
governments within and for their respective States : 
Therefore, 

" I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United 
States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all 
persons who have, directly or by implication, partici- 
pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter 
excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to 
them and each of them, with restoration of all rights 
of property, except as to slaves, and in property 
cases where rights of third parties shall have inter- 
vened, and upon the condition that every such 
person shall take and subscribe an oath,, and thence- 
forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and 
which oath shall be registered for permanent preser- 



228 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

vation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, 
to wit : 

" I, , do solemnly swear, in presence 

of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully 
support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the 
United States, and the union of the States there- 
under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and 
faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during 
the existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so 
long and so far as not repealed, modified, or lield 
void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme 
Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by 
and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi- 
dent made during the existing rebellion having 
reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified 
or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. 
So help me God." 

The persons excepted from the benefits of the 
foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have 
been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so- 
called confederate government ; all who have left 
judicial stations under the United States to aid the 
rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military 
or naval officers of said so-called confederate govern- 
ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of 
lieutenant in the navy ; all who left seats in the 
United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all who 



Lincoln's proclamation of aivinestt. 229 

resigned commissions in tlie Army or 'Navj of the 
United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ; 
and all who have engaged in any way in treating 
colored persons, or white persons in charge of such, 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and 
which persons may have been found in the United 
States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any other 
capacity. 

And I do further proclaim, declare and make 
known, that whenever, in any of the States of 
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, 
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and 
North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than 
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State 
at the presidential election of the year of our Lord 
1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not 
having since violated it, and being a qualified voter 
by the election law of the State existing immediately 
before the so-called act of secession, and excluding 
all others shall re-establish a State government which 
shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said 
oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern-* 
ment of the State, and the State shall receive there- 
under the benefits of the constitutional provision 
which declares that " the United States shall guar- 
anty to every State in this Union a republican form 
of government, and shall protect each of them 



230 ^ NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla- 
ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot 
be convened), against domestic violence." 

And I do further proclaim, declare, and make 
known that any provision which may be adopted by 
such State government in relation to the freed 
people of such State, which shall recognize and 
declare their permanent freedom, provide for their 
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a 
temporary arrangement, with their present condition 
as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not 
be objected to by the E'ational Executive. And it is 
suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a 
loyal State government in any State, the name of 
the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti- 
tution, and the general code of laws, as before the 
rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi- 
cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore 
stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said 
conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by 
those framing the new State government. 

To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to 
say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to 
State governments, has no reference to States 
wherein loyal State governments have all the while 
been maintained. And for the same reason, it may 
be proper to further say that whether members sent 



LmCOLN's PEOCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 231 

to Congress from any State shall be admitted to 
seats, constitutionally rests exclusiv^e with the 
respective Houses, and not to auj extent with tlie 
Executive. And still further, that this proclamation 
is intended to present the people of the States 
wherein the national authority has been suspended, 
and loyal State governments have been subverted, 
a mode in and by which the national authority and 
loj^al State governments may be re-established within 
said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode 
presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with 
his present impressions, it must not be understood 
that no other possible mode would be acceptable. 
Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, 

the 8th day of December, a. d. 1863, and of 
[l. s.] the independence of the United States of 

America the eighty-eighth. 

ABEAHAM LmCOLK 

By the President. 
Wm. H. Sewakd, Secretary of State, 



232 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PEOOLA- 
MATION. 

BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA. 

f 

Whereas^ The President of the United States, on 
the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object 
of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all 
persons to lay down their arms, to return to their 
loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United 
States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par- 
don to certain persons who had directly or by impli- 
cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and 

Whereas^ Many persons who had so engaged in 
the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said 
proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits 
offered thereby ; and 

Whereas^ Many persons who have been justly 
deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there- 
under, by reason of their participation directly or by 
implication in said rebellion, and continued in hos- 
tility to the Government of the United States since 



233 



the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply 
for and obtain amnesty and pardon : 

To the end, therefore, that the authority of the 
Government of the United States may be restored, 
and tha-t peace, and order, and freedom may be es- 
tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the 
United States, do proclaim and declare, that I 
hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in- 
directly participated in the existing rebellion, except 
as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res- 
toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, 
except in cases where legal proceedings under the 
laws of the United States, providing for the confisca- 
tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have 
been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless, 
that every such person shall take and subscribe to 
the following oath, which shall be registered, for 
permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor 
and effect following, to wit : 

I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of 
Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro- 
tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the 
United States, and will, in like manner, abide by 
and faithfully support all laws and proclamations 
which have been made during the existing rebellion 
with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So 
help me God. 



234 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

The following classes of persons are excepted 
from the benefits of this proclamation. 

1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic 
officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of 
the pretended Confederate States. 

2. All who left judicial stations under the United 
States to aid in the rebellion. 

3. All who have been military or naval officers of 
the pretended Confederate Government above the rank 
of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy. 

4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the 
United States to aid in the rebellion. 

5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation 
of their commissions in the army and navy of the 
United States to evade their duty in resisting the 
rebellion. 

6. All who have engaged in any way in treating 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons 
found in the United States service as officers, sol- 
diers, seamen, or in other capacities. 

7. All persons who have been or are absentees 
from the United States for the purpose of aiding the 
rebellion. 

8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser- 
vice who were educated by the Government in the 
Military Academy at West Point, or at the United 
States l!^aval Academy. 



jokn-son's amnesty peoclamation. 235 

9. All persons who held the pretended offices of 
Governors of the States in insurrection against the 
United States. 

10. All persons who left their homes within the 
jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and 
passed beyond the Federal military lines into the 
so-called Confederate States for the purpose of aiding 
the rebellion. 

11. All persons who have engaged in the de- 
struction of the commerce of the United States upon 
the high seas, and all persons who have made raids 
into the United States from Canada, or been engaged 
in destroying the commerce of the United States on 
the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov- 
inces from the United States. 

12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to 
obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein 
prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement 
or custody, or under bond of the military or naval 
authorities or agents of the United States as pris- 
oners of any kind, either before or after their con- 
viction. 

13. All persons who have voluntarily particij)ated 
in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa- 
ble property is over twenty thousand dollars. 

14. All persons who have taken the oath of am- 
nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation 



236 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the 
United States since the date of said proclamation, 
and who have not thenceforward kept the same 
inviolate ; provided, that special application may be 
made to the President for pardon by any person be- 
longing to the excepted classes, and such clemency 
will be extended as may be consistent with the facts 
of the case and the peace and dignity of the United 
States. The Secretary of State will establish rules 
aijd regulations for administering and recording the 
said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the 
people, and guard the government against fraud. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my 
hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be 
affixed. 
Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th 

day of May, 1865, and of the independence of 

America the 89th. 

A]SrDKEW JOHNSON. 
By the President, 

Wm. H. Sewaed, Secretary of State, 



A PEACE PKOCLAMATION. 237 



A PEACE PEOOLAMATION. 



On the 20th of August, 1866, the President 
issued a proclamation announcing the return of 
peace and restoring the writ of habeas corpus in all 
the Southern States. Among the points made in 
this proclamation are the following : 

" There now exists no organized armed resistance 
of the misguided citizens or others to the authority 
of the United States in the States of Georgia, South 
Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala- 
bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, 
and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein 
by the proper civil authority, State or Federal, and 
the people of the said States are well and loyally dis- 
posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their 
legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of 
the amendment to the Constitution of the United 



238 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

States proMbitiiig slavery within tlie jurisdiction of 
tlie United States. 

« * * vf 'p}j(3 people of the several before men- 
tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given 
satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov- 
ereign and important revolution of the national 
unity. 

" It is believed to be a fundamental principle of 
government that people who have revolted, and who 
have been overcome and subdued, must either be 
dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become 
friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili- 
tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from 
ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named 
policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom. 

" The Constitution of the United States provides 
for constitutional communities only as States, and 
not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or protec- 
torates. 

u -x- * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi- 
dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and 
declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed 
in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, ISTorth 
Carolina, Yirginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, 
Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and 
henceforth to be so regarded." 



THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 23'J 



CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 

A8 ADOPTED BY CONGRESS, MAEOH, 1866. 

§ 1. That all persons in the United States^ and 
not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians 
not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the 
United States ; and such citizens of every race and 
color, without regard to any previous condition of 
Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish- 
ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been 
duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every 
State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts, 
to sue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to 
inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey 
personal property, and to full and equal benefit of 
all laws and proceedings for the security of person 
and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and 
shall be subject to the like punishment, pains and 
penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi- 



240 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

iiauce, regulation, or custom to tlie contrary not- 
witlistanding. 

§ 2. And that any person who, under color of 
any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, 
shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit- 
ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of 
any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun- 
ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such 
person having at any time been held in a condition 
of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the 
punishment of crime whereof the party shall have 
been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or 
race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white 
persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not 
exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not 
exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the 
court. 

§ 3. That the district courts of the United States, 
within their respective districts, shall have, exclu- 
sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance 
of all crimes and offences committed against the 
provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the 
circuit courts of the United States, of all causes civil 
and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or 
can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal 
of the State or locality where they may be, any of 



THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 241 

the rights secured to them by the first section of this 
act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, 
has been, or shall be commenced in any State court 
against any such person, for any cause whatsoever, 
civil or military, or any other person, any arrest or 
imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com- 
mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived 
from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the 
relief of freedmen and refugees, and all acts amenda- 
tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the 
ground that it would be inconsistent with this act, 
such defendant shall have the right to remove such 
cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in 
the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas 
coTj^us^ and regulating judicial proceedings in certain 
cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda- 
tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal 
matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit 
courts of the United States shall be exercised and 
enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United 
States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the 
same into effect ; but in all cases where such laws are 
not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro- 
visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and 
punish offences against the law, the common law, as 
modified and changed by the Constitution and 
statutes of the State wherein the court having juris- 



242 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

diction of tlie cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far 
as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution, 
and laws of the United States, shall be extended, 
and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition 
of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the 
infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. 

§ 4-. That the district attorneys, marshals, and 
deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis- 
sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts 
of the United States, with power of arresting, impris- 
oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the 
United States, the officers and agents of the Freed- 
men's iiureau, and every other officer who may be 
specially empowered by the President of the United 
States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially 
authorized and required, at the expense of the United 
States, to institute proceedings against all and every 
person who shall violate the provisions of this act, 
and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, 
or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of 
the United States or territorial courts as by this act 
have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to 
affording reasonable protection to all persons in their 
constitutional rights of equality before the law, with- 
out distinction of race or color, or previous condition 
of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun- 
ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been 



THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 243 

duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the 
duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit 
courts of the United States and the superior courts 
of the territories of the United States, from time to 
time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as 
to afford a speedy and convenient means for the 
arrest and examination of persons charged with a 
violation of this act. 

§ 5. That said Commissioners shall have concur- 
rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and 
district courts of the United States, and the judges 
of the superior courts of the territories, severally and 
collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis^ 
factory proof being made, to issue warrants and 
precepts for arresting and bringing before them all 
offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on 
examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit 
them for trial, as the facts may warrant. 

§ 6. And such Commissioners are hereby author- 
ized and required to exercise and discharge all the 
powers and duties conferred on them by this Act, 
and the same duties with regard to offences created 
by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise 
with regard to other offences against the laws of the 
United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar- 
shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all 
warrants and precepts issued imder the provisions of 



244 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

this act when to them directed, and should any mar- 
shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war- 
rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all 
j)roper means diligently to execute the same, he shall 
on conviction thereof be fined in the sura of one 
thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon 
whom the accused is alleged to have committed the 
offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis- 
sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi- 
ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the 
United States, and the requirements of this act, they 
are hereby authorized and empowered, within their 
counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under 
their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time 
to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro- 
cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform- 
ance of their respective duties, and the person so 
appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore- 
said shall have authority to summon and call to their 
aid the bystanders of ^ posse comitatus of the proper 
county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of 
the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces- 
sary to the performance of the duty with which they 
are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of 
the clause of the Constitution which prohibits 
slavery, in conformity with the provisions of tbis 
act ; and said warrants shall run and bo executed by 



THE CrVIL EIGHTS BILL. 245 

Baid officers anywhere in the State or Territory 
within which they are issued. 

§ 7. That any person who shall knowingly and 
wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or 
other person charged with the execution of any war- 
rant or process issued under the provisions of this act, 
or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or 
them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen- 
sion such warrant or process may have been issued ; 
or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person 
from the custody of the officer, other person or per- 
sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when 
so arrested, pursuant to the authority herein given 
and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person 
so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to 
escape from the custody of the officer or other per- 
sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor 
or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process 
shall have been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent 
his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of 
the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre- 
hension of such person, shall for either of said 
offences be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou- 
sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six 
months, by indictment before the district court of the 
United States for the district in which said offence 
may have been committed, or before the proper court 



246 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any one 
of the organized Territories of the United States. 

§ 8. That the district attorneys, the marshals, 
their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and 
territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the 
like fees as may be allowed to them for similar 
services in other cases ; and in all cases where the 
proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be 
entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services 
in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such 
arrest and examination. The person or persons 
authorized to execute the process to be issued by such 
Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the 
provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five 
dollars for each person he or they may arrest and 
take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid, 
with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by 
such Commissioner for such other additional services 
as may be necessarily performed by him or them — 
such as attending at the examination, keeping the 
prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings 
during his detention and until the final determina- 
tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per- 
forming such other duties as may be required in the 
premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with 
the fees usually charged by the officers of the court 
of justice, within the proper district or county, as 



THE CrVIL RIGHTS BILL. 247 

near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of 
the United States, on the certificate of the district 
within which the arrest iis made, and to be i^ecover- 
able from the defendant as part of the judgment in 
case of conviction. 

§ 9. That whenever the President of the United 
States shall have reason to believe that offences havo 
been or are likely to be committed against the pro- 
visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall 
be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the 
judge, marshal and district attorney of such district 
to attend at such place within the district and for 
such time as he may designate, for the purpose of 
the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged 
with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the 
duty of every judge or other officer, when any such 
requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the 
place and for the time therein designated. 

§ 10. That it shall be lawful for the President of 
the United States, or such persons as he may 
empower for that purpose, to employ such part of 
the land or naval forces of the United States, or of 
the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio- 
lation and enforce the due execution of this act. 

§ 11. That upon all questions of law arising in any 
cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal 
may be taken to the supreme court of the United States. 



248 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEEEDMEFS BUEEAU BILL, •■ 

AB AMENDED AND APPEOVED BT THE XXXIXTH OONaEESS. 

AN ACT to continue in force and to amend *' An act to estab- 
lish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees," 
and for other purposes. 

JBe it enacted hy the Senate and House of Beip- 
resentatives of the United States of America in Con- 
gress assemlled^ That the act to establisli a Bureau 
for the Eelief of Freedmen and Eefugees, approved 
March third, eighteen hundred and si^ty-five, shall 
continue in force for the term of two years from and 
after the passage of this act. 

§ 2. And he it further enacted^ That the super- 
vision and care of said bureau shall extend to all 
loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall 
be necessary to enable them as speedily as practicable 
to become self-supporting citizens of the United 
States, and to aid them in making the freedom con- 



249 



ferred by proclamation of the commander-in-cliief, by 
emancipation under the laws of States, and by con- 
stitutional amendment, available to them and bene- 
ficial to the republic. 

§ 3. And he it further enacted^ That the Presi- 
dent shall, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addi- 
tion to those authorized by the act to which this is 
an amendment, who shall give like bonds and receive 
the same annual salary provided in said act, and 
each of the assistant commissioners of the bureau 
shall have charge of one district containing such ref- 
ugees or freedmen, to be assigned him by the Com- 
missioner, with the approval of the President. And 
the Commissioner shall, under the direction of the 
President, and so far as the same shall be, in his 
judgment, necessary for the efficient and economical 
administration of the affairs of the bureau, appoint 
such agents, clerks, and assistants as maybe required 
for the proper conduct of the bureau. Military offi- 
cers or enlisted men may be detailed for service and 
assigned to duty under this act ; and the President 
may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do, 
detail from the army all the officers and agents of 
this bureau ; but no officer so assigned shall have in- 
crease of pay or allowances. Each agetit or clerk, 
not heretofore authorized by law, not being a mili- 



250 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

tary officer, shall have an annual salary of not less 
than five hundred dollars, nor more than twelve hun- 
dred dollars, according to the service required of him. 
And it shall be the duty of the Commissioner, when 
it can be done consistently with public interest, to 
appoint, as assistant commissioners, agents, and 
clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty by 
faithful service in the armies of the Union during the 
rebellion. And all persons appointed to service 
under this act and the act to which this is an amend- 
ment shall be so far deemed in the military service 
of the United States as to be under the military juris- 
diction, and entitled to the military protection of the 
government while in discharge of the duties of their 
office. 

§ 4. And he it further enacted^ That officers of 
the Yeteran Heserve Corps or of the volunteer ser- 
vice, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as 
assistant commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in 
other capacities, whose regiments or corps have been 
or may hereafter be mustered out ot service, may be 
retained upon such duty as officers of said bureau, 
with the same compensation as is now provided by 
law for their respective grades ; and the Secretary of 
"War shall have power to fill vacancies until other 
officers can be detailed in their places without detri- 
ment to the public service. 



251 



§ 5. And he it further enacted^ That the second 
section of the act to which this is an amendment 
shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to 
issue such medical stores or other supplies and trans- 
portation, and afford such medical or other aid as 
may be needful for the purpose named in said sec- 
tion : Provided^ That no person shall be deemed 
"destitute," "suffering," or "dependent upon the 
government for support," within the meaning of this 
act, who is able to find employment, and could, by 
proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution, 
suffering, or dependence. 

§ 6. Whereas, by the provisions of an act ap- 
proved February sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
three, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 
' An act for the collection of direct taxes in insurrec- 
tionary districts within the United States, and for 
other purposes,' approved June seventh, eigliteen hun- 
dred and sixty-two," certain lands in the parishes of 
Saint Helena and Saint Luke, South Carolina, were 
bid in by the United States at public tax sales, and 
by the limitation of said act the time of redemption 
of said lands has expired ; and wliereas, in accord- 
ance with instructions issued by President Lincoln 
on the sixteenth day of September, eighteen hundred 
and sixty-three, to the United States direct tax com 
missioners for South Carolina, certain lands bid in by 



252 . NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the United States in the parish of Saint Helena, in 
said State, were in part sold by the said tax commis- 
sioners to " heads of families of the African race," in 
parcels of not more than twenty acres to each pur- 
chaser; and whereas, under the said instructions, the 
said tax commissioners did also set apart as " school 
farms " certain parcels of land in said parish, num- 
bered on their plats from one to thirty-three, inclu- 
sive, making an aggregate of six thousand acres, more 
or less : Therefore^ he it further enacted^ That the 
sales made to " heads of families of the African race," 
under the instructions of President Lincoln to the 
United States direct tax commissioners for South 
Carolina, of date of September sixteenth, eighteen 
hundred and sixty-three, are hereby confirmed and 
established ; and all leases which have been made to 
such " heads of families," by said direct tax commis- 
sioners, shall be changed into certificates of sale in 
all cases wherein the lease provides for such substitu- 
tion ; and all the lands jjow remaing unsold, which 
come within the same designation, being eight thou- 
sand acres, more or less, shall be disposed of accord- 
ing to said instructions. 

§ 7. And le it further enacted, That all other 
lands bid in by the United States at tax sales, being 
thirty-eight thousand acres, more or less, and now in 
the hands of the said tax commissioners as the prop- 



253 



erty of the United States, in the parishes of Saint 
Helena and Saint Luke, excepting the " school farms," 
as specified in the preceding section, and so much as 
may be necessary for military and naval purposes at 
Hilton Head, Bay Point, and Land's End, and ex- 
cepting also the city of Port Koyal, on Saint Helena 
island, and the town of Beaufort, shall be disposed 
of in parcels of twenty acres, at one dollar and fifty 
cents per acre, to such persons, and to such only, as 
have acquired and are now occupying lands under 
and agreeably to the provisions of General Sher- 
man's special field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, 
January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, 
and the remaining lands, if any, shall be disposed of 
in like manner to such persons as had acquired lands 
agreeably to the said order of General Sherman, but 
who have been dispossessed by the restoration of the 
same to former owners : Provided^ That the lands 
sold in compliance with the provisions of this and the 
preceding section shall not be alienated by their pur- 
chasers within six years from and after the passage 
of this act. 

§ 8. And he it further enacted^ That the " school 
farms " in the parish of Saint Helena, South Caro- 
lina, shall be sold, subject to any leases of the same, 
by the said tax commissioners, at public auction, on 
or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred 



254 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

and sixty-seven, at not less than ten dollars per acre , 
and the lots in the city of Port Royal, as laid down 
by the said tax commissioners, and the lots and 
houses in the town of Beaufort, which are still held 
in like manner, shall be sold at public auction ; and 
the proceeds of said sales, after paying expenses of 
the surveys and sales, shall be invested in United 
States bonds, the interest of which shall be appropri- 
ated, under the direction of the Commissioner, to the 
support of schools, without distinction of color or 
race, on the islands in the parishes of Saint Helena 
and Saint Luke. 

§ 9. And he it further enacted^ That the assistant 
commissioners for South Carolina and Georgia are 
hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in 
their respective States which are claimed under the 
provisions of General Sherman's special field order, 
and to give each person having a valid claim a war- 
rant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Car- 
olina for twenty acres of land, and the said direct 
tax commissioners shall issue to every person, or to 
his or her heirs, but in no case to any assigns, pre- 
senting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land, 
as provided for in section T, for the term of six years ; 
but at any time thereafter, upon the payment of a 
sum not exceeding one dollar and fifty cents per acre, 
the person holding such lease shall be entitled to a 



255 

certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres frora 
the direct tax commissioner or such officer as may be 
authorized to issue the same; but no warrant shall 
be held valid longer than two years after the issue 
of the same. 

§ 10. And he it further enacted^ That the direct 
tax commissioners for South Carolina are hereby au- 
thorized and required at the earliest day practicable 
to survey the lands designated in section 7 into lots 
of twenty acres each, with proper metes and bounds 
distinctly marked, so that the several tracts shall be 
convenient in form, and as near as practicable have 
an average of fertility and woodland; and the 
expense of such surveys shall be paid from the pro- 
ceeds of the sales of said lands, or, if sooner required, 
out of any moneys received for other lands on these 
islands, sold by the United States for taxes, and now 
in the hands of the dh-ect tax commissioners. 

§ 11. And he it further enacted^ That restoration 
of lands occupied by freedmen under General Sher- 
man's field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, Jan- 
uary sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall 
not be made until after the crops of the present year 
shall have been gathered by the occupants of said, 
lands, nor until a fair compensation shall have been 
made to them by the former owners of such lands or 
their legal representatives for all improvements or 



256 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

betterments erected or constructed thereon, and after 
due notice of the same being done shall have been 
given by the assistant commissioner. 

§ 12. And he it further enacted^ That the Com- 
missioner shall have power to seize, hold, use, lease, 
or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands 
appertaining to the same, or otherwise, formerly held 
under color of title by the late so-called Confederate 
States, and not heretofore disposed of by the United 
States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for 
the same by any person or persons, and to use the 
same or appropriate the proceeds derived therefrom 
to the education of the freed people ; and whenever 
the bureau shall cease to exist, such of said so-called 
Confederate States as shall have made provision for 
the education of their citizens without distinction of 
color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended of 
such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed 
among said States for educational purposes in pro- 
portion to their population. 

§ 13. And he it further enacted^ That the Com- 
missioner of this bureau shall at all times co-operate 
with private benevolent associations of citizens in 
aid of freedmen, and with agents and teachers, duly 
accredited and appointed by them, and shall hire or 
provide by lease buildings for purposes of education 
whenever such associations shall, without cost to the 



257 



government, provide suitable teachers and means of 
instructions ; and he shall furnish such protection as 
may be required for the safe conduct of such schools. 
§ 14. And he it further enacted, That in every 
State or district where the ordinary course of judicial 
proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, 
and until the same shall be fully restored, and in 
every State or district whose constitutional relations 
to the government have been practically discontinued 
by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been 
restored in such relations, and shall be duly repre- 
sented in the Congress of the United States, the right 
to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and 
give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, 
and convey real and personal property, and to have 
full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings 
concerning personal liberty, personal security, and 
the acquisition, enjoyment, and disposition of estate, 
real and personal, including the constitutional right 
to bear arms, shall be secured to and enjoyed by all 
the citizens of such State or district without respect 
to race or color, or previous condition of slavery. 
And whenever in either of said States or districts the 
ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been inter- 
rupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be 
fully restored, and until such State shall have been 
restored in its constitutional relations to the govern* 



258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

inent, and shall be duly represented in the Congress 
of the United States, the President shall, through the 
Commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and 
under such rules and regulations as the President, 
through the Secretary of War, shall prescribe, extend 
military protection and have military jurisdiction 
over all cases and questions concerning the free en- 
joyment of such immunities and rights, and no pen- 
alty or punishment for any violation of law shall be 
imposed or permitted because of race or color, or 
previous condition of slavery, other or greater than 
the penalty or punishment to which white persons 
may be liable by law for the like offence. But the 
jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the offi- 
cers of the bureau shall not exist in any State where 
the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has not 
been interrupted by the rebellion, and shall cease in 
every State when the courts of the State and of the 
United States are not disturbed in the peaceable 
course of justice, and after such State shall be fully 
restored in its constitutional relations to the govern- 
ment, and shall be duly represented in the Congress 
of the United States. 

§ 15. And 1)6 it further enacted^ That all officers, 
agents, and employes of this bureau, before entering 
upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath 
prescribed in the first section of the act to which this 



259 

is an amendment ; and all acts or parts of acts incon- 
sistent with the provisions of this act are hereby 
repealed. 

Sghuylee Colfax, 
Speaker of the House of Bejpresentatives. 
Lafayette S. Fostee, 
President of Senate ^ro tenupore. 

In the Hottse of Repeesentatiyes United States, 

July 16, 18G6. 

The President of the United States having 
returned to the House of Eepresentatives, in which 
it originated, the bill entitled " An act to continue in 
force and to amend ' An act to establish a Biu-eau for 
the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,' and for other 
purposes," with his objections thereto, the House of 
Representatives proceeded, in pursuance of the Con- 
stitution to reconsider the same ; and 

Resolved^ That the said bill pass, two-thirds of 
the House of Representatives agreeing to pass the 
same. 

Attest: Edwaed McPheeson", 

Cleric House of JRepresentatives of the United States, 

In Senate of the United States, 

July i% 1866. 

The Senate having proceeded, in pursuance of 

the Constitution, to reconsider the bill entitled " An 



260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

act to continue in force and to amend ' An act to 
establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and 
Refugess,' and for other purposes," returned to the 
House of Representatives bj the President of the 
United States, with his objections, and sent by the 
House of Representatives to the Senate with the mes- 
sage of the President returning the bill — 

Resolved^ That the bill do pass, two-thirds of the 
Senate agreeing to pass the same. 

Attest : J. W. Fokney, 

Seereta/ry of the Senate of the United States, 



261 



PEOVOST MAESHAL-GENEEAL'S EEPOET. 

SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NUMBER OF KILLED, 
WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FROM DISEASE, DURING THE 
REBELLION. 

Washington, D. C, Friday, April 27, 18G6. 

The following is a condensed snmniary of the 
results of the operations of this bureau, from its or- 
ganization to the close of the war. 

1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all 
persons liable to conscription, under the law of 
March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of 
the military resources of the loyal States, in men, 
was made, showing an aggregate number of 
2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually 
under arms, when hostilities ceased. 

2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand 
six hundred and twenty-one men were raised, at an 
average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of 



262 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit- 
ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of 
the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of over 
seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising 
troops was thus effected under this Bureau, notwith- 
standing the increase in the price of subsistence, 
transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years 
of the war. (Item: The number above given does 
not embrace the naval credits allowed under the 
eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits 
for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits 
for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the 
Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for 
men raised prior to that date.) 

3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty- 
six deserters were arrested and returned to the army. 
The vigilance and energy <jf the officers of the Bu- 
reau, in this line of the business, put an effectual 
check to the wide-spread evil of desertion, which, at 
one time, impaired so seriously the numerical 
strength and efficiency of the army. 

4. The quotas of men furnished by the various 
parts of the country were equalized, and a propor- 
tionate share of military service secured from each, 
thus removing the very serious inequality of recruit- 
ment, which had arisen during the first two years of 
the war, and which, when the bureau was organized, 



had become an almost insuperable obstacle to the 
further progress of raising troops. 

5. Records were completed showing minutely the 
physical condition of 1,014,776 of the men examined, 
and tables of great scientific and professional value 
have been compiled from this data. 

6. The casualties in the entire military force of 
the nation during the war of the rebellion, as shown 
by the official muster-rolls and monthly returns, 
have been compiled with, in part, this result : 

KILLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS WHILE IN SERVICE. 

Coraraissioned officers 5,221 

Enlisted men 90,868 

DIED FROM DISEASE OR ACCIDENT. 

Commissioned officers 2,321 

Enlisted men 182,329 

Total loss in service 280,739 

These figures have been carefully compiled from 
the complete official file of muster-rolls and monthly 
returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for 
them, as errors and omissions to some extent doubt- 
less prevailed in the rolls and returns. Deaths (from 
wounds or disease contracted in service) which oc- 



264 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

curred after the men left the army are not included 
in these figures. 

7. The system of recruitment established by the 
Bureau, under the laws of Congress, if permanently 
adopted, (with such improvement as experience may 
suggest,) will be capable of maintaining the numer- 
ical strength and improving the character of the 
army in time of peace, or of promptly and econom- 
ically rendering available the National forces to any 
required extent in time of war. 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 



265 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING THE GREAT CrVTL WAR 
OF 1861-65. 

The following statement shows the number of men 
furnished by each State : 



Men furnislied] i Aggregate No. 

under Act of Aggregate No. of meufiirnish'd 
April 15, 1861, |of men furnish'd under all calls. 
for 75,000 militia: under all calls, jreduced to tlie 3 
for 3 months. jyears' standard. 



Maine 

New Hampshire . . . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

West Vir li^uiia 

District of Columbia . 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconson 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

Tennessee , 

Arkansas , 

North Carolina .... 

California 

Nevada 

Oregon 

Washington Ter'ty 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Dakota 

New Mexico 



Total. 



71,745 
84,605 
35,246 

151,785 
23,711 
57,270 

464,156 
79,511 

366,326 
13,651 
49,731 
32,003 
16,872 

317,133 

195,147 

258,217 
90,119 
96,118 
25,034 
75,860 

108,773 
78,540 
20,097 
12,077 



216 

617 

895 

1,279 

1,762 

181 

2,395 

2,688,523 



66,595 

30,827 

29.052 

123,844 

17,878 

50,514 

381,696 

55,785 

267,558 

10,303 

40,692 

27,653 

11,506 

237,976 

152,283 

212,694 

80,865 

78,985 

19,675 

68,182 

86,192 

70,348 

18,654 

12,077 



7,451 

216 

581 



1,762 

181 

1,011 



2,154,311 



266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



HISTOEY OF THE FLAG. 

BY A DISTINGUISHED HISTOEIAN. 

Men, in the aggregate, demand something besides 
abstract ideas and principles. Hence the desire for 
symbols — something visible to the eye and that ap- 
peals to the senses. Every nation has a flag that 
represents the country — every army a common ban- 
ner, which, to the soldier, stands for that army. It 
speaks to him in the din of battle, cheers him in the 
long and tedious march, and pleads with him on the 
disastrous retreat. 

Standards were originally carried on a pole or 
lance. It matters little what they may be, for the 
symbol is the same. 

In ancient times the Hebrew tribes had each its 
own standard — that of Ephraim, for instance, was a 
steer; of Benjamin, a wolf. Among the Greeks, the 
Athenians had an owl, and the Thebans a sphynx. 
The standard of Romulus was a bundle of hay tied to 
A pole, afterwards a human hand, and finally an eagle. 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 267 

Eigles were at first made of wood, then of silver, with 
thunderbolts of gold. Under Cassar they were all 
gold, without thunderbolts, and were carried on a 
long pike. The Germans formerly fastened a 
streamer to a lance, which the duke carried in front 
of the army. Russia and Austria adopted the double 
headed eagle. The ancient national flag of England, 
all know, was the banner of St. George, a white field 
with a red cross. This was at first used in the Col- 
onies, but several changes were afterwards made. 

Of course, when they separated from the mother 
country, it was necessary to have a distinct flag of 
their own, and the Continental Congress appointed 
Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lynch, and Mr. Harrison, a com- 
mittee to take the subject into consideration. They 
repaired to the American army, a little over 9,000 
strong, then assembled at Cambridge, and after due 
consideration, adopted one composed of seven white 
and seven red stripes, with the red and white crosses 
of St. George and St. Andrew, conjoined on a blue 
field in the corner, and named it " The Great Union 
Flag." The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew 
were retained to show the willingness of the colonies 
to return to their allegiance to the British crown, if 
their rights were secured. This fiag was first hoisted 
on the first day of January, 1776. In the meantime, 
the various colonies had adopted distinctive badges, 



268 NATIONAL HAND-EOOK. 

BO til at the different bodies of troops, that flocked .'"o 
the army, had each its own banner. In Connecticut, 
eacli regiment had its own peculiar standard, on 
which were represented the arms of the colony, with 
the motto, " Qui transtulit sustinet " — (he who trans- 
planted us will sustain us.) The one that Putnam 
gave to the breeze on Prospect Hill on the 18th of 
July, 1775, was a red flag, with this motto on one 
side, and on the other, the words inscribed, "An 
appeal to Heaven." That of the floating batteries 
was a white ground with the same "Appeal to 
Heaven " upon it. It is siipposed that at Bunker Hill 
our troops carried a red flag, with a pine tree on a 
white field in the corner. The first flag in South Car- 
olina was blue, with a crescent in the corner, and 
received its first baptism under Moultrie. In 1776, 
Col. Gadsen presented to Congress a flag to be used 
by the navy, which consisted of a rattle-snake on a 
yellow ground, with thirteen rattles, and coiled to 
strike. The motto was, " Don't tread on me." " The 
Great Union Flag," as described above, without the 
crosses, and sometimes with the rattle-snake and 
motto, " Don't tread on me," was used as a naval 
flag, and called the " Continental Flag." 

As the war progressed, different regiments and 
corps adopted peculiar flags, by which they were 
designated. The troops which Patrick Henry raised 



HISTOEY OF THE FLAG. 269 

and called the *' Culpepper Minute Men," had a 
banner with a rattle-snake on it, and the mottoes, 
"Don't tread on me," and "Liberty or death," to- 
gether with their name. Morgan's celebrated riJie- 
men, called the "Morgan Kifles," not only had a 
peculiar uniform, but a flag of their own, on which 
was inscribed, "XI. Yirginia Regiment," and the 
words, " Morgan's Rifle Corps." On it was also the 
date, 1Y76, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. 
Wherever this banner floated, the soldiers knew that 
deadly work was being done. 

When the gallant Pulaski was raising a body of 
cavalry, in Baltimore, the nuns of Bethlehem sent 
him a banner of crimson silk, with emblems on it, 
wrought by their own hands. That of Washington's 
Life Guard was made of white silk, with various 
devices upon it, and the motto, " Conquer or die." 

It doubtless always will be customary in this 
country, during a war, for different regiments to have 
flags presented to them with various devices upon 
them. It was so during the recent war, but as the 
stars and stripes supplant them all, so in our revolu- 
tionary struggle, the " Great Union Flag," which 
was raised in Cambridge, took the place of all others 
and became the flag of the American army. 

But in 1777, Congress, on the 19th day of June, 
passed the following resolution : " ResoVved^ That 



270 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen 
stripes, alternate red and white, that the union be 
thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a 
new constellation." A constellation, however, could 
not well be represented on a flag, and so it was 
changed into a circle of stars, to represent harmony 
and union. Red is supposed to represent courage, 
white, integrity of purpose, and blue, steadfastness, 
love, and faith. This flag, however, was not used 
till the following autumn, and waved first over the 
memorable battle field of Saratoga. 

Thus our flag was born, which to-day is known, 
respected, and feared round the entire globe. In 
1794 it received a slight modification, evidently 
growing out of the intention at that time of Congress 
to add a new stripe with every additional State that 
came into the Union, for it passed that year the fol- 
lowing resolution : ''''Resolved^ That from and after 
the 1st day of May, Anno Domini 1795, the flag of 
the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and 
white. That the union be fifteen stars, white, in a 
blue field." In 1818, it was by another resolution 
of Congress, changed back into thirteen stripes, with 
twenty-one stars, in which it was provided that a 
new star should be added to the union on the admis- 
sion of each new State. That resolution has never 
been rescinded, till now thirty-six stars blaze on our 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 271 

banner. The symbol of our nationality, the record 
of our glorj, it has become dear to the heart of the 
people. On the sea and on the land its history has 
been one to swell the heart with pride. The most 
beautiful flag in the world in its appearance, it is 
stained by no disgrace, for it has triumphed in every 
struggle. Through three wars it bore us on to vic- 
tory, and in this last terrible struggle against treason, 
though baptized in the blood of its own children, not 
a star has been effaced, and it still waves over a 
united nation. 

Whenever the " Star-S^^angled Banner" is sung, 
the spontaneous outburst of the vast masses, as the 
chorus is reached, shows what a hold that flag has on 
the popular heart. It not only represents our nation- 
ality, but it is the jpeojile's flag. It led them on to 
freedom — it does something more than appeal to 
their pride as a symbol of national greatness — it 
appeals to their affections as a friend of their dearest 
rights. "We cannot better close this short history of 
our flag than by appending the following stirring 
poem of Drake : 

When freedom from her mountain height 

Unfurled her standard to the air, 
She tore the azure robes of night, 

And set the stars of glory there! 



272 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK, 

She mingled with its gorgeous dyes 
The milky baldric of the skies, 
And striped its pure celestial white 
With streakings of the morning light; 
Then, from his mansion in the sun, 
She called her eagle-bearer down, 
And gave mto his mighty hand 
The symbol of her chosen land I 

Majestic monarch of the cloud 

Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, 
To hear the tempest trumping loud 
And see the lightning lances driven. 

When strive the warriors of the storm. 
And rolls the thunder drum of heaven, 
Child of the sun! to thee 'tis given 

To guard the banner of the free ; 
To hover in the sulphur smoke, 
To ward away the battle stroke; 
And bid its blendings shine afar. 
Like rainbows on the cloud of war — 

The harbinger of victory I 

Flag of the brave I thy folds shall fly, 
The sign of hope and triumph high. 
When speaks the signal trumpet tone, 
And the long line comes gleaming on, 
(Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet, 
Hath dimmed the glittering bayonet,) 
Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn 
To where thy sky-born glories burn, 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 273 

And, as his springing steps advance, 

Catch war and vengeance from the glance ; 

And when the cannon's mouthings loud 

Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud, 

And gory sabres rise and fall, 

Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall; 

Then shall thy meteor glances glow, 

And cowering foes shall shrink beneath 
Each gallant arm that strikes below 

That lovely messenger of death. 

Flag of the seas I on ocean wave 
Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave, 
When death, careering on the gale. 
Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, 
And frightened waves rush wildly back. 
Before the broadside's reeling rack, 
Each dying wanderer of the sea. 
Shall look at once to heaven and thee, 
And smile to see thy splendor fly. 
In triumph o'er his closing eye. 

Flag of the free, heart's hope and home t 

By angel hands to valor given ; 
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome. 

And all thy hues were born in heaven I 
Forever float that standard sheet I 

"Where breathes the foe but falls before us? 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet, 
And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us? 



12=* 



274 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 

For a Chronology of Battles^ see 'page 280. 



1§59. 

Oct. 16, John Brown and fifteen white men and five negroes 
seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and kill four of the in- 
habitants, 

Oct. 17. The militia and Federal troops besiege Brown and 
his men in the armory. 

Oct. 18. The armory captured by Colonel B. E. Lee (now 
General). Twelve of Brown's men killed. Brown and 
four men taken prisoners. 

Nov. 30. South Carolina Legislature offer resolutions, that 
she is ready to enter with other States into the formation 
of a Southern Confederacy. 

Dec. 2. John Brown and two negroes hung at Charlestown, 
Ya. 
1§60. 

April 23. The Democratic National Convention assemble at 
Charleston, S. C, and adjourn to meet at Baltimore, June 
18. The Southern Delegates secede, and meet at same 
time and place. 



IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 275 

Miiy 9. The Constitutional Union Convention meet at Balti- 
more, and nominate John Bell for President, and Edward 
Everett for Vice-President. 
May 18. The RepubHcan Convention at Chicago nominate 
Abraham Lincoln for President, and Hannibal Hamlin for 
Vice-President. 
June 23. The National Democratic Convention at Baltimore 
nominate Douglas and Fitzpatrick. The Seceders nom- 
inate Breckinridge and Lane. 
Dec. 5. The U. S. Treasury suspends specie payment. 
" 20. South Carolina " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 
1861. 
Jan. 9. Mississippi " " 

" IL Alabama " " 

'' IL Florida " " 

" 19. aeorgia " ' " 

" 26. Louisiana " " 

" 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, v^ithdraws from the 

U. S. Senate. 
" 29. Secretary Dix's despatch to New Orleans, " If any one 
attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on 
the spot." 
Feb. 1. Texas Ordinance of Secession passed. 
" 9. Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected President 
and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy by the 
Convention at Montgomery, Ala. 
April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumter — the first gun fired 
of the Rebellion — '^ nobody hurt " 
" 15. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 three months' 

volunteers. 
" 16. The Confederate Government calls for 32,000 men. 



276 THE NATIONAL UAND-BOOK. 

April 16. Virginia " Ordinance of Secession " passed in secret 
session. 
" 16. N. Y. Legislature appropriates $3,000,000 for war 

purposes. 
' 17. Jefferson Davis grants letters of marque. 
" 19. Sixth Massachusetts Regiment mobbed in Balti- 
more while en route to Washington. 
" 19. President Lincoln orders the blockade of Southern 

ports. 
" 26. Grovernor Brown, of Georgia, by proclamation, pro- 
hibits the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till 
the end of hostilities. 
May. 6. Arkansas " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 
" 21. North Carolina " " " 

" 24. Colonel EUsworth shot at Alexandria, Va. 
" 30. Secretary Cameron declares slaves contraband of war. 
June 3. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. His dying mes- 
sage to his son Avas, " Tell them to obey the laws, and 
support the Constitution of the U. S." 
" 8. The Sanitary Commission authorized and appointed by 

the Grovernment. 
" 24. Tennessee secedes by a vote of 104,913 for, and 
32,134 against. 
July 8. $5,000,000 loaned the Government in five hours by 
N. Y. merchants. 
" 10. President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers. 
Aug. 14. All Union men notified by Jefferson Davis to leave 
the Confederate States in forty days. 
" 16. The President issues a proclamation confiscating rebel 
property. 
Nov. 8. Captain Wilkes, of the U. S. steamer San Jacinto. 



IMPOETAITT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 277 

captures Mason and Slidell, rebel emissaries, on board 
the English steamer Trent. 
Nov. 19. The First "Stone Eleet" sailed for the South from 
Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
" 20. Kentucky-j in State Convention, adopts an Ordinance 
of Secession. 
Dec. 4. John C. Breckinridge expelled from the U. S. Senate. 
" 20. The main channel of Charleston Harbor obstructed by 

sinking sixteen vessels of the " Stone Fleet." 
" 26. The Cabinet Council at Washington decide to give 

up Mason and Slidell. 
" 28. New York banks suspend specie payments. 
1862. 
Feb. 1. The President authorized by Act of Congress to take 
possession of all the railway and telegraphic lines when 
required for military purposes. 
" 14. Commodore Foote receives his death-wound in an en- 
gagement at Fort Donelson. 
March 8. The first Iron-Clad Naval Engagement between the 

Monitor and Merrimac. 
Aug. 9. Eecruiting brisk, and drafting in several States — 
travelhng restricted by order of Government to prevent 
fugitives escaping. 
Sept. 22. The President issues his Emancipation Proclamation 
to take effect January 1, 1863. 
" 24. The President suspends the writ of Habeas Corpus. 
1863. 
Feb. 16. The Senate pass the Conscription Bill, and on the 25th 

the House pass the same. 
July 13. Great Draft Eiot in New York — continues four days. 
The Colored Orphan Asylum and a number of buildings 



278 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

burned. Twenty-five of the militia and police killed or 
wounded, and 150 of the rioters. 

1§64. 
June 5. Fremont and Cochrane nominated for President and 
Vice-President, but subsequently resign. 

" 8. The Baltimore Convention nominate Lincoln and 
Johnson for President and Vice-President. 

" 19. The Pirate Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge off the 
coast of France. 
Nov. 8. Lincoln and Johnson elected President and Vice- 
President. 

" 25. Hotels in New York burned by Southern incen- 
diaries. 

1865. 
Jan. 31. G-eneral R. E. Lee appointed Commander-in-Chief of 

Rebel forces by Jefferson Davis. 
Feb. 4. Failure of the Peace Negotiations with Rebel Commis- 
sioners. Gold in Richmond 4,400. 
March 11. The President orders the disfranchisement of non- 
reporting deserters. 
April 3. Evacuation of Richmond. Jefferson Davis at Dan- 
ville, Va., a fugitive. 

" 4. President Lincoln holds a levee in Jefferson Davis* 
house. 

" 7. G-rant urges Lee to surrender, to save further effusion 
of blood. 

" 9. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to 
General Grant. 

" 10. Great rejoicing all over the country. 

" 13. Grant advises the draft to be stopped and recruiting 
to cease. 



mPORTANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION. 279 

April 14. President Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre, Washing- 
ton, by J. Wilkes Booth. 

" 15. President Lincoln dies at 7.20 a.m. Andrew John- 
son becomes the seventeenth President. 

" 21. G-eneral Kirby Smith by proclamation asserts his 
ability to continue the Rebellion. 

" 26. General J. E. Johnson surrenders with 27,500 men. 
May 9. President Johnson issues a Peace Proclamation declar- 
ing the war at an end. 

" 10. Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinville, G-a. 

" 13. $30,000,000 Seven-Thirty Loan subscribed this day. 



28C 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and. Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



1861. 

April 12 

•' 19 

June 3 

" 16 

" 17 

" 18 

" 20 

" 28 

July 2 

" 4 

" 5 

" 6 

" 8 

" 10 

" 10 

f« 12 

♦' 12 

<' 13 

<' 17 

'' 18 

♦' 18 

♦' 21 

" 22 



Bombiirdment of Ft. Sumter. 
Eiot, Baltimore 



Maj. Anderson. 



Gen. Beauregard 



Philippi, Ya. 



Seneca Mills, Md. . 
Boonesville, Mo . . . 
Near Warsaw, Mo. 
Bio- Bethel 



Shorter's Hill, Va 

Martiusburg 

Harper's Ferry 

Carthage, Mo 

Middle Fork Bridge, Va. 

Burlington, W. Va 

Monroe Station, Mo 

Laurel Hill, Va 



Rich Mountain, Va. 



Barbourville, Va. , 
Carrick Ford, Va. , 
Scary town, Va . . , 



Cols. Kelly and 

Landers 

Maj. Everett... . 

Gen. Lyon 

Capt. Cook 

Brigv-Gen. Price. 



Col. Porterfield. 

Capt. 

Gen. Price 

Gov. Jackson... 

Maj.-Gn. Magru- 

der 



Gen. Patterson. 

9th X. Y 

Col. Sigel 

45 of the Sd Ohio 



G«n. Johnson. . . 
Price & Jackson, 



Col. Smith 

Cols. McCook & 

Andrews 

Gen. McClellan. 



Gen. Harris. . . . 

Col. Pegram 

Col. Pegram 



Col. Woodruff. , 
Gen. McClellan, 



Gen. Garnett. . . 



Aug. 



Kansas City, Mo 

Blackburn's Ford, Va 

Bull Run ■S?^,^^^f^^d'«::^P' 

{ Federal report. . . 

Forsyth, Mo 

Dug Spring, Mo 

Point of Rocks, Md 



Maj. Van Horn 

Gen. Tyler 

(Gen. Irwin 
( McDowell 

Gen. Sweeny. 

Gen. Lyon . . . 



Gen. Beauregard 



Gen. Price. 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



281 



OF THE WAE. 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Remarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 




5 w 


Reported, " Nobody hurt." 
First blood shed of the four years' 
Eebellion. 


3 k. (f w 


7 k. 8 w 


2k. 2 w. 2 m. ... 


IGk., 2Gm 

3 k 


2 k. 8 w ... . 


35 k. and w., 30 p. 
45 k. and w 

k.,w., & m. uncer. . 
2 k 




25 k. 52 w. 28 p.. 

16 k. 34 w. 6 m... 
1 k. 1 w 


. 


3k.l0 w 

2 k. 3 w 


30 k. and w., 20 p. 




13 k. 31 w 

1 k. 3 w 


250 k. and w 

7 k. and w 

20 k. 40 \v 

80 k. and w., 70 p. 


Successful retreat of Sigel. 


2 k. 6 w 


Confederates defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 


1 k. 3 w 


Confederates defeated. 


Ilk. 35 w 

1 k 


140 k. 150 w. 150 p. 
12 k 


Capture of 200 tents, GO wagons, 

and 6 cannon. 
Confederates defeated. 


13 k. 40 w 

9 k. 38 w. 9 m 


150 k. & w., 800 p. 


Gen. Garnett killed. 

Three Federal colonels and two 


Ik 


20 k. and w 

68 k. and w 

1852 k. andw 


captains captured. 
Confederates defeated. 


83 k. andw 

4500 k., w., and p. 
481k.1011w.700p. 


Federal loss 28 pieces artillery, 
5,000 small arms. 


2w 


5 k. 10 w 

40 k. 80 w 

3 k. 2 w. 7 p 




9 k. 30 w 

None 









282 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1861. 

Au.2:. 6 



10 



Sept. 



12- 



Oct. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
EraMments, and Skirmishes. 



Athens, Mo, 



Wilson's Creek, Mo. 



Xear Grafton, Va. 
Charleston, Mo. . . 



Cross Lanes, W. Va . . . . 

Lexinfrton. Mo 

Bennett's Mills. Mo 

Boone Conrt Honse, Va. 

Cai'nifex Ferry. Va 

Black River, Mo 

Booneville, Mo 

Cheat Mountain, W. Va. 

Kansas City, Mo 

Mariatown, Mo 



Blue Mills Landing, Mo 

Lexington, Mo 

PapinsV'ille, Mo 

Mechanicsville Gap, Va 

Chapmansville, W. Va 

Osceola, Mo 

Lucas Bend, Ky 

Greenbrier, "W. Va 

Hillsboro, Ky 

Santa Rosa Island, Fla 

Cameron, Ray Co., Mo 

18 miles N.E. of Lebanon, Mo. 



Beckwith's Farm, Mo . , . 
Big River Bridge, Mo. . . . 

Tronton, Mo 

Big Hurricane Creek, Mo. 

Edwards' Ferry, Va 

Fredericktown. Mo 



Ball's Bluff 

BuffaiO Mills, Mo, 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Col. Moore. 



Gen. Lyon, 



Capt. Dayton . 

Col. Dougherty 
and Lieut.-Col 
Ransom 

Col. Tyler , 



Gen. Rosocranz 
Maj. Gavitt. . . 
Capt. Eppstein. 
Gn.J.J.Reynolds 



Lieut. Col. Scott. 
Col. Mulligan. 
Gen. Lane, . . 



Col. Pratt 

Col.Montgoraeiy 



Gn.J.J.Reynolds 
Lieut. Sadler, . . 
Col, W. Wilson. 

Maj. James 

Maj. Wright, , . . 



Lieut. Tufts. 



Maj. Gavitt. . . . 

Col, Morgan 

Col, E, D. Baker 



Col. Baker, 



Confed, 



Gens, Price and 
McCulloch . , . 



Col. Hunter, . . . 
Col, Reed."...*. ! 



Floyd 

Ben. Talbott,... 

Col. Brown 

Gen. R, E, Lee, 



GnD.R.Atchison 
Gen. Price 



Col. J. W, Davia 



Gn. H.A.Jackson 
Capt. Holliday.. 
Gen. Anderson. . 



Capts, Lowel & 
Wright 



GnJflf, Thompson 
Gen. Thompson . 



Gen. Evans 

Jeflf. Thompson & 

Col, Lowe. . . . 

Gen. Evans .... 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



283 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Eeraarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


10 k and w 

223 k. 721 W.292 m 
Noue 


23 k. 50 W 

421k. 1317 w. 3 m. 
21 k and w 

20 k. and w., 17 p. 


5 wagon-loads of supplies and 40 
horses were captured from the 
Confederates. 

Gen. Lyon killed. 
Confederates routed 


1 k. 6 w 




15 k 40 w 30 p. . 


Confederate loss not known. 


5 or 6 w 

3 k. 6 w 


8 k, several w 


Confederate loss not known. 


6 w 


30 k . 




16 k. 102 w 


Unknown 

5 k.4 p 


Confederates retreated with small 
loss. 


1 k. 4 w 

13 k. 20 w. 60 p.. 


12 k. 30 w 

100 k. & w., 20 p.. 
7 k. 6 p 






7 k 




100 k. and w 




supplies were captured. 


42k.l08w. 1624 p. 
17 k. 40 w 

3 k. 10 w 

4 k. 8 w 

1 k 4 w 


25 k. 75 w 

40 k. 100 p 

15 k. 30 w 

29k. 50 w. 47 p.. 
10 k 


And all their tents and supplies. 
Confederates defeated. 
Col. J. W. Davis killed. 




4 k. 5 p 


Confederates routed. 
A drawn battle. 


8 k. 32 w 

3 k. 3 w 


100 k. 95 w. 13 p.. 
11 k. 29 w. 22 p.. 
100 k. & w. 35 p.. 
8 k. 5 p 


13 k. 21 w 

1 k 4 w 


Confederates routed 


1 k 


62 k. and w., 30 p. 

12 k. and w 

5 k. and 4 w 

36 k. and w 

14 k. 8 p 




2 k. 5 w. 3 m 

1 k. 6 w 


Unions burned the bridge. 
Confederates defeated. 


Ilk 


14 w 




223 k. 250 w. 500 p 

7 k. 60 w 

223k.266w.455ra. 


200 k. and w 

Rebel loss heavy . . 
3G k. 264 w. 2 p.. 
20 k. and w. 60 p.. 


Col. Lowe killed, 80 prisoners 

and 4 heavy guns captured. 
Col. Baker killed. 







284 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1861. 

Oct. 2.3 
" 23 
" 25 
" 26 
" 26 

Nov. 2 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagemeuts, and Skirmishes. 



West Liberty, Ky. 
Hodgesville, Ky. . . 
Springtield, Mo, . , 
New Creek, Ya . . . 

Plattsbure:, Mo 

Platte City, Mo. . . 
Belmont, Mo 



Port Royal, S. C. 



Belmont. Mo. 
Rolla, Mo... 



Piketon, Ky 

New River, Ya , 

Guyandotte, Va 

Kansas City, Mo 

Romney, Ya , 

McCoy's Mill, Ya 

Warrensburg , 

Fort Pickens, Fla 

Lancaster, Ya 

Dranesville, Ya 

Black Walnut Creek, Mo. 

Hunter's Chapel 

Dunksburg, Mo 



Salem, Mo. 



Whip-poor-will Bridge, Ky. 

Brownsville, Ky 

Dam No. 5, Va 

Olathe, Mo , 

Bertrand, Mo 

Camp Alleghany, Ya 

Mumfordsville, Ky , 

Osceola, Mo 

Millford, Mo 



Dauesville, Ya. 
Hudson, Mo. . . 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed, 



Lieut. Grayson 
Maj. Zagonyi. . 
Gen. B. P. Kelley 



Maj. Josephs, 

Gens. Grant & 
McClernand 

Com. Dupont & 
General W. T 
Sherman .... 

Gen. Grant. . . . 

Col. Grensle. . 



Nelson's Brigade 



Col.K.Y.Whaley 
Col. Anthony, 



Gen. Benhara. . . 



Col. Moore. . . 
Col. Bayard. . 
Maj. Hough. , 
Gen. Blenker. 



Maj. Bowen. 



Home Guards. 



Lt. Col. Rhodes. 
Brig. Gn. Milroy. 



Col.A.McDonalc 



Silas Gordon, 



Gen. Drayton. 
Gen. Polk. . . . 



Gn. Floj^d'sarmy 



Lt. Col. BlantoD , 



Capts. Young & 
Wheatley 

Cols. Freeman & 
Turner 



GnT.C.Hindman 



Gen. Pope 

Col. J. C. Davis & 

Gen. Steele.. . 

Gen. B. 0. C. Ord 

Maj. McKee. . . . 



Col. E. Johnson. 
Gen. Bragg 



Gen. Stuart. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 285 




Killed, "Wouuded, and Prisoners. 


Remarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 




10 k. 5 w. 6p 

3 k. 5 w 




3w 


Lieut.Grayson severely wounded. 

Confederates routed. 

Col. Angus McDonald captured. 


48 k. 27 w. 10 m. 
2 k. 14 w 


106 k. 27 p 

10 k. 15 w 

8 k. 12 p 




13 k. and w., 80 p. 
155 p 




;89k. 150 w. 150 m 

8 k. 23 w. 2500 p. 
84 k. 288 w. 285 m. 




k.&v/. not reported. 
261k.427 w.278m. 
9r) • 


2,500 Confed. prisoners & 42 guns. 
500 head of cattle 40 horses and 


6 k. 24w 

'8 k. 10 w 


400k.&w.2000p. 


mules captured. 
Confederates defeated. 


8 k. 12 w. 46 p 




Col. Whaley captured. 
Union troops withdrawn. 


8 k. 8 w 




2 k 


12p 




15k 


Col. Crogham killed. 




150p 


2 k. 13 w 






1 k. 2 w 


13k 


Many wounded and prisoners. 


2 w 


2 k. 4 p 

17 k. 5 p 

4 k, and w. 2 p , . . 

7 k. 10 w 


6w 


Maj. Hough wounded. 
Confederates defeated. 


Ik 






15 k. and w 


Confeds. defeated ; loss unknown. 


4 w 


6 k. and w. 11 p . . 
3 k. 5 w 










12k 


Confederates defeated. 


2 k 


3 k. 5 w 




Ik.. 


16t) 




20 k. 107 w. 10 m 




Confeds. report about same loss. 
Confederates defeated. 


10 k. 17 w 


33 k. 60 w 

300p 


2k.n w 

7 k. 61 w 


1300 p 


70 wagons with stores & equipage. 


75 k. 150 w. 30p. 
10 k. 17 p 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 













286 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Jan. 



Date. 

1861. 

Dec. 22 

" 28 
1862. 

1 

4 

4 

1 

1 

1 

8 

10 

19 



Feb. 



" 8 

♦' 8 

" 9 

" 14 

" 14 

" 14 

" 16 

" 17 

" 18 

" 21 
March 7 



« 14 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



( Newport News, Ya. 
I New Market Bridge 
Mount Ziou, Mo 



Port Royal Ferry, S. C . 
Bath, Va 

Huntersville, W. Ya. . . 



Blue's Gap, W. Ya 

.•^0 miles east Sutton, Y^ Ya . 

Paintsville, Ky 

Silver Creek, Mo. 

Prestonburg. Ky 

Mill Spring, Ky 



Fairfax Court House, Ya 

Capture of forts on Roanoke 
Island, N. C 



Linn Creek, Ya , 

Near Fort Henry, Tenn , 



Blooming Gap, Ya 

Flat Lick Ford, Ky 

Fort Donelson 

Capture of Fort Donelson. 



Sugar Creek, Ark. 
Independence, Mo. 



Yalverde, N. M , 
Winchester, Ya. 
Pea Ridge, Ark . 



Hampton Roads, Ya. 
New Madrid 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Maj. Schoepf. . . 
Col. Jno. Glover 



Gen. Stevens. 



Maj. Webster . . . 

Col. Dunning. . . 

Col.H. Anisansel 

Col. Gartield... 
Maj. Toirence. . 
Gen. Garfield.. . 
Gen. Thomas. . . 



Col. Friedman . . 
Com. Goldsbo- 

rough & Gen. 

Burnside 

Capt. Smith 

Com. Foote and 

Gen. Grant. . . 
Gen. Lander. . . . 
Col. Munday. . . 

Com. Foote 

Gen. Grant 



Col. Cranby. . 

Capt. Cole. . . 

Gens. Curtiss, Si- 
gel, Asboth, & 
Davis 

U. S. war ship 
Cumberland.. 

Gen. Pope 



Gen. Jackson. 



Ilum'y Marshall 
Col. Poindexter. 
Uum'y Marshall 
Gen. Zollicofter. 



Gen. Wise. 



Gen. Tilghman. 



Gen. Buckner. . 



Quantrell and 

Parker 

Col. Steele 



Gens. Yan Dorn, 
Price, McCul- 
loch, and Pike 

Merrimac 

Gens. McCrogan, 
Stuart, Gaulh. 



CTIRONOLOGTCAL TABLE OF TTIE WAR, 



287 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



6 w 

3 k. 46 w. 

3 k. 11 w. 
3 k. 30 p. 



None. 



2 k. 1 w. . . , 

3 k. 10 w. . . 
2 k. 25 w... 
39 k. 207 w. 



2 w. 



50 k. 150 w.. 
1 k. 1 w 



39 k. 23 w 

^k 

Noue 

60 k. and w . . . . 
446 k. 1135 w. and 

150 p 

13 k. and w 



1 k. 3 w 

55 k. 140 w. 
3 w 



Confed. 



10 k 

25 k. 150 w. 40 p. 



6 k. 12 w. 

7 k...... 

2 k. 7 w. , 



15 k. 20 p. . 
22 k. andw. 



15p 

12 k. 22 w. 15 p. 

50 k. 25 p 

192 k. 140 p 



1 k. 12 p. 



30 k. 50 w. 2500 p. 
8 k. 7 w. 17 p. . . 



5 k. 30 p 

13 k., 20 w., 65 p., 
4 k. 4 w. 3p... 



231k. 1007 w.and 
15,000 p 



1351 k. w. and m. 
340 k. & drowned. 
51 k 



3 k. 



6 k. 5 w. 



1100 k. 3500 w. & 
1000 p. 



100 k. 



Eemarivs. 



90 horses and 105 stand of arms 

were captured. 
Confederates retreated. 
Unions retreated. 
$50,000 worth of army stores 

were captured. 
3 cannon and their wagons were 

captured. 
56 head of cattle and 15 horses 

were captured. 
Confederates dispersed. 
Confederates retreated. 
Confederates retreated. 
Gen.Zollicoffer killed, 1200 horses 

& mules, 100 large wagons, and 

2,000 muskets were captured. 
12 horses captured. 

6 forts, 40 guns, and 3,000 small 

arms were captured. 
32 horses captured. 



including 17 officers. 

Com. Foote severely wounded. 
Brig. Gen. Buckner captured. 
Gens. Floyd & Pillow escaped. 



Confederate loss about the same. 
Capt. Cole wounded. 

Gens. McCulloch, Mcintosh, and 

Slack were killed. 
U. S. sloop-of-war Cumberland 

destroyed. 
$100,000 worth of military stores 

captured from the Confeds. 



2SS 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 


1862. 


Mar. 


14 


(1 


14 


'•15-18 




•22 




23 




26 




28 


(( 


29 


April 5 




6-7 


(( 


8 




1-7 


« 


11 


u 


11 


n 


10 


(1 


20 


(( 


2G 


May 


3 


" 


4 


u 


6 


(( 


7 


" 


8 


{( 


8 


(( 


9 


" 


9 


" 


13 


u 


13 


i< 


14 


u 


15 


u 


16 


(( 


16 



Xaincs !ui(l Places of Battles, En- 
gageiueiits, and bkiriiiishe.^. 



Newbern, N. C 

Cumberland Mts., Ky. 

Siege of Island jSTo. 10. 
Independence, Mo. . . . 

Winchester, Va 

Mumansville, Mo. . . . 
Vallis Ranch, N. M. . . 



Warrensburg, Mo. 



Siege of Yorktown, Ya. , 
Pittsburg Landing, Tenn, 



Corinth, Miss 

Bombardment and capture of 
Island No. 10 , 

Capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga.. 



Torktown, Ya . . . 
Lee's Mills, Ya... 
South Mills, N.-C. 
Fort Macon, K C. 

Farmington, Miss. 
Williamsburg, Ya. 



Soraerville Heights, Ya. 

Corinth, Miss 

McDowell, W. Ya 



12 m. from Athens, Ala, 
Farmington, Miss , 



McDowell, Ya. 



Monterey, Tenn 

Trenton Bridge, N. C 

On James River 



Near Trenton, N. C. . . 



Comraanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Burnside. . 

Col. Carter and 

Lt.Cl.Keigwiu 

Com. Poote. . . , 



Gen. Shields, 



Col. Slough . , . . 
Capt. Thompson 



Gen. McClellan . 
Gens. Grant and 

Buell 

Gen. Sherman . . 
Com. Foots and 

Gen. Pope. . . 
Gen. Hunter.. . . 



Gen. McClellan. 

Gen. Reno 

Gens. Burnside 

and Parker... 

Gen, Paine 

Gen. Stoneman. 
Gens. Kearney 

and Hooker. . 

Col. Foster 

Maj. Arlington.. 
Gens. Schenck & 

Milroy 

Capt. Connet. . . 
Gen. Pope 



Gens. Milroy & 

Schenck 

Gen. Smith 

Col. Amory.... 



Gen. Geary . . . , 
Maj. Fitzsimons. 



Confed. 



Gen. Branch. . 



Quantrell 

Gu. T.J. Jackson 



Col. Scurry and 

Maj. Pyron. . . 

Col. Parker 



Gens. Johnson & 
Beauregard . . 



Gen. Makad.. 
Col. Olnistead. 



Cxen. Lee. . 
Col. "White. 



Gen. Longstreet. 



Col. Woodward. 
Gens. Ruggles, 
Price, Yan Dorn. 

Gen. Jackson. . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TAJ3LE OF THE WAR. 



2S9 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


■ Eemarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


01k. 466 w 


50 k. 200 w. 200 p. 
3 k. 6 w. 18 p.... 


G forts captured. 

59 horses, 100 gun."?, and 100 sa- 




bres were captured. 


Ik 


7 k. 11 p 

600 k. 300 p 

15k 




100 k. 400 w 


Conieds. retreated in disorder. 
Many wounded. 

Confederates retreated. 
Col. Parker and Capt. Walton 
taken prisoners. 


38 k. 54 w. 17 p.. 
2 k 


80 k. 100 w. 93p. 
15 k. 25 p 

3 k. 22 w 

1728 k. 8012 w. 
959 m 




1614 k. 7721 w. 
3963 m 


Beauregard's report. 


15 k. 25 w 






I'k.'lw. ','."..... 


17 k. 6300 p 

3 w. 360 p 


47 guns and 40,000 pounds of 
powder captured. 


20 k. and w 


32 k. 100 w...... 

90 k 


25 k. 75 w 


Confederates routed. 


1 k. 3 w 


7 k. 18 w 

8 k 


Fort captured. 




2 k. 20 w 

2073k.&w.623p. 
29 k 


7 k. 25 p..... 

700k.1000w.300p. 


Confederate loss heavier. 
Unions retreated. 


4w 


30 k 


Maj. Arlington killed. 


30 k. 200 w 




Confederate loss computed to be 
much greater. 


6 k.... 


13 k 


Capt. Connet captured. 


40 k. 120 w 




Confed. loss much greater. 


20 k. 177 w 

2 k 


40 k. 200 w 

10 k 


Unions lost their camp, baggage, 

and stores. 

I 




10 k 


Confederates defeated. 


17 k. 20 w 




is aval engagement. 


17 k 








6 k, many w 


Maj. Fitzsimons wounded. 





13 



290 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

May 17 

" 18 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Corinth 

Near Searey, Ark . 



Commanders. 



Union. 



18 Princeton, Va. 



19 Newbern, N. C. 
20iMoorfield, Va.. 



Near Corinth, Miss. 
Lewisburg, Va 



On the Chickahominy , 

New Bridge, on the Chieka 

hominy 

Winchester, Va. , 



Near Winchester, Va, 



Near Hanover C. H., Va. 



K 


30 


(( 


31 


t{ 


31 


.June 


1 


(( 


1 


'< 


4 


« 


8 


(( 


9 


« 


10 


« 


12 


« 


14 


« 


15 



Corinth, Miss 

Hanover Court House 

Pocotahgo, S. C 

Corinth, Miss 



Front Royal, Va. 



Near Washington, N. C. 
Fair Oaks, Va 



Between Strasburg and Staun- 
ton, Va 

Fair Oaks, Va., continued. . . . 

Near Jasper, Tenn 

Cross Keys, Va 



Port Repubhc, Va. 
James Island 



Near Village Creek, Ark 

On James Island, S. C. , 

Ou James Island 

ville, S. C 



Gen. Osterhaus. 
Gen. Cox 



Lt. Col. Downev 
Col. Sedgwick, 
Col. Cook 



4th Mich 

Gen. N. P. Banks 

Col. Cluseret. 



Coufed. 



Humphrey Mar- 
shall 



Gen. Heath. 



Col. Purcell. . 
Gen. Morell . . 



Gen. Halleck 



Gen. McCleUan 
Gen. Fremont. , 



Gen. Negley . . 
Gen. Fremont. 

Gen. Shields 



Col. Brackett. . . Capt. Hooker. . 



5th La 

Gens. Ewell aud 

Johnson 

Gen. Jackson . . . 



Gen. Branch, , . . 



Gen. Beauregard 



Gn. J.B, Johnson 
Gen. Jackson . . . 



Gen. Adams . . . 
Gen. Stonewall 

Jackson 

Gen. Jackson . . . 



Gen. Benham . . 



Col. Lamar.. 



OHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAP.. 



291 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Eemarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


10 k. 31 w 


1 2 k. many w 


Confederate loss about 100. 


80 k. 70 w 






5 k 


11 k 






4 k. 12p 




25 k 




10k.40w. 8miss'g. 
Ik. 6 w 


100 p 


4 cannons and 200 stand of arms 


15 w. 31p 

50 k. and w., 37 p. 


captured from the Confeds. 
Many Confederates killed. 


10 k 




Banks retreated. 


•7 w 


25 p 


Confed. killed and wounded un- 


54 k. 194 w. & ra. 




known. 
Confed. loss between 200 and 300 


25 k. and w 


30 k 


k. and w., and 500 pris. 
Confed. killed left on the field. 


53 k. 326 m 

11 k 


400 k. &w., 600 p. 
20 k. and w 






2000 prisoners and large supplies 

taken. 
6 officers were captured, 2 en- 


8 k. 5 w 


20 k. & w., 156 p.. 
11 k 


2w 


gines, and 11 cars. 
Confederates defeated. 


890 k. 3627 w. and 
1222 p 

12 k and w 


2800 k. 3897 w... 




5739 loss 


8000 k. and w 

12k. & w., 25 p.. 

GOO k. & w 


Confederates defeated. 


125 k. 500 w 

67 k. 361 w. and 
574 m 


Confederate loss consi*derable. 
Union troops retreated. Con- 
feder'ite loss about 1000. 


4 k. 13 w 

13w 


15 k. 2w 

28 k., w., and p . . . 
17 k. 8 w 

40 k. 100 w 


Confederate killed and wounded 
left on the field. 

nnnf'prlf>Tn.t,ps dpfpfited 


3k. 19 w 

685 k., w., and p. . 


Unions defeated. 



292 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

June 18 

" 25 

" 26 

" 27 

" 27 

" 27 

July 1 

" 23 

" 24 

" 25 

•' 2S 

" 29 

Aug. 2 

*' 5 

" 5 

" 6 

" n 

" 7 

" 9 

" 11 

" 11 

" 11 

" 11 

" 12 

" 15 

" 16 

" 19 

" 20 

» 20 

" 21 

" 22 

« 25 

" 28 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



K'ear Smithville, Ark 

Oak Grove, Va 

Chickahominy 

Near Richmond 

Gaines' Mills, Va 

Village Creek, Ark 

Malvern Hill, Va. (7 days.). 
Florida, Mo 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



Near Decatur, Ala 

Near Grange C. H., Va, 
Moore's Mills. Mo 



Brownsville, Tenn. 
Grange C. H., Va 
Baton Rouge, La. . 



Malvern Hill, Va 

Near Mattapony River, Va. . . 

Fort Filmore, N. M , 

Near Trenton, Tenn , 

Kirkville, Mo 

Cedar Mountain, Va , 

11 miles east of Helena, Ark. 

Compton's Ferry, Mo 

Kinderhook, Tenn 

Clarendon, Ark , 

Gallatin, Tenn , 



Merriwether's Landing, Tenn . 

Lov?" Jack, Mo 

Near Hickman, Mo 

Edgefield Junction, Tenn 



Near Union Mills, Mo . 
Pinclcncy's Island, S. C. 
Near Gallatin, Tenn. . . 



Attack on Fort Donelson 

Kettle Run, Va 

Readyville, Tenn 



.Maj. Zeley 

Gen. Hooker. . , 

McClellan , 

Gen. ^McClellan, 
Gen. I'orter. . , , 
Col. Brackett. . . 
Gen. McClellan, 
Maj. Caldwell . , 



Capt. Harraan 
Gen. Gibson.. , 



Capt. Dollin 

Gen. Crawford.. 
Gen. Williams . . 

Gen. Hooker. , . 

Generals Gibbon 

and Cutter . . . 

CoLCanby 



Col. McNeill . . . 
Gen. Banks . . . . 



Col. Guitars 

Col. McGowan. . 
Gen. Hovey. . . . 
Col. MHler 



Col. T. W. Harris 
Maj. Foster. . . . 
Capt Moore. . . . 



Maj. Price. 



Gen. Johnson. 



Gen. Hooker. 
Col. Murphy. 



Capt. Jones. .. . 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee i 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 



Gen. Lee 

Col. Porter .... 



CoLs. Porter and 
Cobb 



Gen. J. C. Breck- 
inridge 



Gen. Stuarc 

Col. Sibley 

Capt, Faulkner. 

Col. Porter 

Gen. Jackson. . . 
Jeif. Thompson. 
Col. Poindexter. 
Anderson 



Col. J. H. Mor- 



gan 

Capt. Barlield. 
Col. Coffoo . . . , 



Col. J. H. Mor- 
gan 



Morgan. 



Col. "Woodward . 

Gen. Ewel! 

Gen. Forrest. . . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAB. 



293 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




B k. 4 w 


4 w. 15 p 


Capt. Jones captured. 
Confed. loss much the heaviest. 
Confederates retreated. 
Federals retreated. 


200 loss 


80 k. 150 w 


Over 1000 


7500 k., w. & m.. . 
2 k. 31 w 


About the same.. . 


About 1000 


About 3000 


Federals defeated, with a loss of 
26 men. 

Cnnfpflprnf p«i rlpfpflfprl 




10 k. 30 w 


5 k. 12 w. &p 




10 k. 30 w 

4 k. 6 w 


52 k. 100 w 

10 k. & w., lip... 


Confed. w. left on the field. 


4 k. 12 w 




250 k., w., and m. 


600 k., w., and m . 


Gen. Williams killed. The Con- 
federates were defeated. 


•72 p 










Confederate troops defeated. 




20 k. 30 w 




Confederate troops defeated. 
Confederates repulsed. 


1500 k., w., and p. 


1000 k. 1500 w... 




100 k. &w., 200 p. 

7 k. 27 p 

600 p 










Confederates defeated. 




6 k. and many w. . 

20 k. 9 p 

110 k. andw 

4 k. 19 p. . . 






60 k. loo w 

2 w 






7 k. 20 w 

1 k. 4 p 




4 k. 3 w 


16 horses captured. 


3 k. 3 w., 32 p. . . 




64 k. 100 w. 20U p 




Gen. Johnson and his staff cap- 

i tured. 
Confed. repulsed with heavy loss. 
Confeds. driven from the field. 
Confederates defeated. 




About 800 k. & w. 


BOOk.&w., lOOOp. 









294 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

Aug. 28 

" 29 



" 30 

29-30 

" 30 
Sept. 1 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



6 miles west of Centre ville,Va. 
Groveton, Va 



2d Bull Run. 



Richmond, Ky 



Bolivar, Tenn 

Britton's Lane, Tenn. 
Chantilly, Va 



N'ear Plymouth, N. C. . . 
N'ear Slaughterville, Ky. 

Fort Ridgely, Minn 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 

Washington, IST. 

Near Martinsburg, Va. . 
Washington, N. C 



Capture of ShepherdsviEe, Ky. 

Near Poolesville, Md 

Williamsburg, Va 



Edwards' Ferry, on the Poto- 
mac 

Fayette, Va 

Near Coldwater, Miss 

Middletown, Md 

South Mountain, Md 



Mumfordsville, Kj , 

Greene River, Ky , 

Harper's Ferry (3 days siege) . 



Near Durhamville, Tenn . . . . 
Falmouth, on Ky. Cen. R.R. 
Near Florence, Ky 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gens. McDowell 
and Sigel. . . . 

Gens. Hooker, 
Sigel, Kear- 
ney, Reno, and 
King 

Gen. Pope 



Gens. Mason and 

Craft 

Col. Leggett.. 
Col. Dennis. . . 
Gen. Pope . . . 



Sergt. Green . . . 
Lt.-Col. Foster. . 



Gen. Jul. White 



Maj. Chapman. 
Col. Campbell. . 



Gen. Keves. . . 

Col. Siber 

Col. Grierson . . 



Gens. Hooker 

Reno 

Col. WUder. . . , 



Col. MUes 

Lieut. R. GrifQn. 
Col. Berry . . . . . 
Maj. Foley. . « . 



Confed. 



Gen. Jackson. 



Gens. Jackson 

and Longstreet 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. E. Kirby 

Smith 

Gen. Armstrong 
Gen. Armstrong 
Gens. Jackson, 
Ewell, and Hill 
Col. Garret 



Indians 



Col. Shingle 



Gen. Stuart. 
Gen. Loring. 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Duncan. 



Gen. A. P. Hill. 
LtCoL Faulkner 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



295 



Killed, Wounded, aud Prisoners. 


Remarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 






Confeds. driven back with loss 
and many prisoners. 

Confederates defeated. 


6000 k. andw 

800 k., 4000 w., & 

3000 p 

200 k., 700 w., 

2000 p 


12,000 k., w.,&m. 

700 k. 3000 w 

250 k. 500 w 


5 k., 18 w., 64 m 


Confederates routed. 
Confederates defeated, 
Heavy loss on both sides. Death 
of Gens. Kearney and Stearns. 


200 k.and w 

1300 k. &w 


180 k. 220 w 

800 k. &w. 

30 k. 40 p 

3 k., 2 w., 25 p... 






13 k. 47 w 










8 k. 36w 

2 k. lOw 


33 k. 100 w 

50p.besidesk. &w 
30 k. 36 p 


Federal gunboat exploded her 
magazine during the engage- 
ment. 18 killed & wounded, i 


85 p 


Ik. 8 w 


7 k.:';;.:;;:::::: 


Confederates defeated. 


5 capts., 4 lieuts., 
aad Capt. Camp- 
beUp 


8 k. CoL Shingle k. 




Confederates repulsed with the 
loss of 90 men 


100 k. and w 








4 k. 80 w 




80 k and w 




443k.1806w.76m. 


500 k., 2343 w., & 
1500 p 


Gen. Eeno killed. 






Confederates defeated. 


80 k., 120 w., and 

11,583 p 

2 k. 10 w 

1 w 


1500 k. andw 

8 k. 20 w. 

2 k. 4w. 1 p 

5 k. 7 w 


Federals surrendei*. Col. Miles 
killed. 


1 k 1 w 











296 



THE NATION.IL Hi\J^D-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

Sept. 17 
" 17 
"19-20 
" 19-20 

" 20 

" 21 

" 21 

" 21 

" 22 

" 22 

" 23 



" 29 

" 30 

" 30 

Oct. 1 

1 

" 8 



Names arid Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Antietam, Md. . 
Leesburg, Va. . . 
luka, Miss . . , . . 
Oweusboro, Ky. 



Near Shirley's Ford, Mo. 

On Potomac 

Muufordsville, Ky 

Shepherdsville, Ky 

Sturgeou, Mo 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. McCleUan 
Col. Kilpatrick. 
Gen.Rosecraus. 



Confed. 



Asbby's Gap, Ya . 

Yellow Medicine Eiver, Minn 



Sharps burg, Md. 



(( 


3 


(( 


3-5 


(( 


6 


(( 


6 


il 


7 



Newtonia, Mo 

Riissellville, Ky 

Gallatin, Tenn 

Shepherdstown and Martins- 
burg, Ya 

On Blackwater River, near 
Erankhn, Ya 



Blackwater, near Franklin, Ya, 
Near Corinth, Miss , 



Near Charlestown, Ya 

Lavergue, Tenn 

Near Sibley's Landing, Mo . 



Chaplin HiUs, PerryviUe, Ky. 
Near Lawrenceburg, Ky .... 



Near Helena, Ark .... 

Stanford, Ky 

Carsville, Ya 

Near Charlestown, Ya. 
Thoroughfare Gap, Ya- 
Woodville, Tenn. ..... 



Col. Ritchie. . . 
Col. Barnes . . . 
Col. E. McCook 
Col. Granger . . 
Maj. Hunt 



Col. R. B. Price 
Col. Sibley.... 



Gen. Solomon. , 
Col. Harrison., 
Col. Stokes.... 



Gen. Pleasanton 
Corns. Perry, 
Hunchback, 
& Whitehead, 

Col. Spears 

Gens. Ord, Hurl 
but, & Yeatch 



Gen. Palmer. 



Gen. Buell. 



Col. Parrott. . . 
Maj. Rector. . . 



Lieut. Wilhams. 
Gen. Hancock . . 

Gen. Stahl 

Maj. J. J.Mudd. 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Price, 



Capt. Cunning- 
ham 

Lieut. Col. Green 
Indians 



Col. Cooper 



Col. Bennett... . 
Gen. Hampton.. 



Capt. Flusser. . . 



Gens. Price, Yan 
Dorn, & Lovell. 

Robertson's Bat. 

Gen. Anderson. 

Quantrell and 
Childs 



Gen. Smith 

CoL Giddings. . . 



Haywood. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TAELE OF THE WAR. 



297 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




12,600 loss 


15,000 loss 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated 


135 k. 527 w 

li k 18 w 


2H3k.400w.600p. 


Confederates defeated. 

Federal Col Webber k Con- 




60 or TOk and w. 


feds, defeated with severe loss. 


150 k., w., and p.. 








Cnnfpdp'rflt'.pct dpfpfltpd 




5 k. 28 p 






Confederates defeated. 




3 T) 


Lieut. Col. Green captured. 

30 Indians killed and many 

wounded ; 4 whites killed and 

30 wounded. 
Confederates dispersed, and a 

squad of them captured. 










50 k. & w., 100 p. 




35 k. 10 p 

40 k., 39 p., and 

many w 

60 k. and w., 9 p. . 








12w. 3 p 






30 or 40 k. and w. 

1423 k., 5692 w., & 

2268 p 


Confederates defeated. 


315 k., 1812 w., & 
232in 


Confederates routed. 






18 k. and w 


10 k. and w 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 


3200 k. w. and m. . 


1300 k., 3000 w., & 
200 p 


Confeds. retreated ; great loss. 
Confederates defeated with con- 


6 k. 18 w 






9p 


siderable loss. 
Confederates defeated. 




several k. 14 p 






Federals defeated. 


Ik. 8 w 


9 w. and p 

100 p 










40 n 


100 horses and mules captured. 









13* 



298 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

Oct. 22 
" 22 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Pocotaligo, S. C. 
Van Buren, Ark. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



G-en. Brannon . . 
Maj. Lazear . . . . 



23 Waverley, Tenn Maj. Blott. 

23 Shelby Depot, Tenn Col. Stuart. 

24 Manassas Junction, Ya 

24 Grand Prairie, Mo Maj. F. G-. White 

27iPutnam's Ferry, Mo jCol. LeAvis. . . . 

27JDona]dsonville, La ;Gen. "Weitzel. . 

28|Fayetteville, Ark 'Gen. Herron. . . 

29;5 miles from Petersburg, Ya. .ILt.-Col. Iswick 



29 Near Butler, Mo. 
3 In Webster Co., Ky. 



" 11 

" 11 

« 11 

" 13 

" 15 

" 18 

" 18 

" 21 

" 22 

" 26 

" 27 

" 28 

" 29 

Dec. 1 



Lamar, Mo 

Near Nashville, Tenn, 
Warrenton, Ya 



Piketon, Ky 

Hudson ville, Miss. . . 
Near Marianna, Ark. 



Fredricksburg, Ya 

Huntsville, Tenn 

Near Lebanon, Tenn. . . 

Near La Grange, Tenn. 
Holly Springs, Miss . . . 



Fayetteville, Ya 

Rural Hills, Tenn 

Cove Creek, N. C 

Bayou Boutouca, near Fort 

Pike, La 

Near Winchester, Ya 

Cold Knob Mountain, Ya 

Near La Yergne, Tenn 



Kane Hill, Ark 

Snicker's Gap, Ya 

Near Ciiarlestovsm, Ya. 



Col. Seaman. 
Col. Foster . . 



Gen. Negleys. 
Gen. Reynolds 



Col. Dills 

Col. Lee , 

Capt. L. M. Per 

kins 

Capt. Dahlgren, 
Capt. Duncan.. . 
Capts. Kennett 

and Wolford, 

Col. Lee 

Col. Lee 



Gen. Sturgis. . , 
Col. Hawkms. . , 
Lieut.-Col. Mix, 



Capt. Darling. . . 
Capt. Harkins. . 
Col. J. C. Paxton 
Cols. Hurd and 

Dodge 

Gen. Blunt . . . 
Gen. Stahl 
Gen. Slocum 



Gen. Beauregard 
Col. Boon 



Col. Craven 

Stuart's cavalry, 
Coclcerill 



Quantrell 

J. H. Morgan.. 



Morgan's men. 



Capt. Evans. 



Gn. Marmaduke 




CHRONOLOGICAL T.\J3LE OF THE WAU. 



299 





Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Eemarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


30 k 


180 w 




Confed. loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated with con- 
siderable loss. ^ 








1 k. 


5 w 


40 k, and w., 30 p. 
8 or 10 k. and w. . 


ii'v 

3 w. 








8 k. 20 w 

several k. 40 p. . . 
6 k. 16 w. 208 p.. . 
8 k 








18 k 


14 w 


Confederates defeated. 


::;::;:::::::::: 


16 p 


200 cattle captured. 

3 Confederate lieutenants and 40 


8 k. 


10 w 


30 k. and w 

'-^5p 




horses and carts captured. 


5 k. 


19 w 


23 p 






7 p 


150 muskets and 40 horses and 




80 p 


wagons captured. 




16 k. 175 p 

5 k. several w 

39 p 




1 w 










6 k. several w 

t k. 125 p 

16 k. 134 p 

4 k. several cap- 
tured 






























16 k 


Left on the field 








1 w 


4 k. several w 

4 k 






30 horses captured. 
Confederates defeated. 




100 p 


lOw 




Several k 








Confederates defeated. 




45 k. 40 p 

5 k. 18w 






Confederates defeated. 







300 



THE NATION^U. HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

Dec. 2 



" 12 

" 12 

" 12 

" 13 

" 13 

" 14 

** 17 

« 18 

" 21 

" 24 

" 25 

" 27 

♦' 28 

27-29 

" 30 

1863. 

Jan'y 2 



10 



Franklin, Va. . . , 

Near Cliarlestown, Va 

Oxford, Miss 

Helena, Ark 

Prairie Grove, K W. Ark. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Col. Spear . 
Gen. Geary 
Col. Hatch . 



Gens, Blunt and 
Herron 



Hartsville, Tenn. 



Near Corinth, Miss. , . 
Near Kingston, N. C, 

Franklin, Tenn 

Fredericksburg, Va... 



Tuscumbia, Ala, 
Kingston, N. C. 
Goldsboro, N. C, 
Lexington, Kj, . 



Davis Mills, Wolf River, Miss , 

Near Munfordsville, Ky , 

Near Munfordsville, Ky 

Dumfries, Va 



Elkford, Ky 

Vicksburg, Miss. , , , 
Parker's Cross Roads 



Tenn. 



Stone River, or Murfreesboro, 

Tenn Gen. Rosecrans, 



Commanders. 



Union, 



Col, A, B, Moore 

Col. Sweeney , , , 
Gen. Foster . . . , 
Gen. A.S.Stanley 
Gen, Burnside. . 



Gens. Hindman, 
Marraaduke, 
Parsons, and 
Frost 

Gen. J, H. Mor- 
gan 

Col. Roddy 



Gen. Foster 

Gen. Foster. . . . 
Col. B. G. Inger- 

soll 

Col. K. H.Morgan 

Capt. Dickeys. , , 

Col. Gray 

Col. C, Candy,. 



Maj. Foley 

Gen. Sherman. 
Gen. Sullivan, . 



Near La Grange, Ark. 
Springfield, Mo 



Ripley, Tenn. . 
Sutfolk, Va. , . . 
Hartsville, Mo. 



Gen.Washburne 

Gen, Brown and 

Col. Crabb.. 

Capt. Moore. , . 
Gen, Corcoran. 
Col. Merritt, . . 



Gonfed. 



Gen, Lee. 



Gen, Evans. . 
Gen. Evans. . 

Gen, Forrest. 
Gen. Van . , . . 



Gen. Morgan, . . 

Gen. Morgan , . . 

Gens. Stuart & 

FitzHugh Lee. 



Gen, Johnston.. 
Gen. Forrest 



Gen. Bragg, 



Gens. Marma- 
duke and Bur- 
bridge 

Lt,-Col, Dawson. 

Gen, Pryor 

Gen.Marmaduke 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



301 



Killed. Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



20 k. and w 



495 k. 600 



55 k. 100 w 

Ik. 2 p 



Ik 

1512 k., 6000 w., & 

2078 p 

4k. 14 w 

90 k. 478 w 



40 k. 



23 p. 



10 k. and w. 



191k.982w.756m 
200 k. andw 



1533 k., 6000 w. 



17 k. 50 w... 
3w 

Fed. loss 104. 
35 k. andw. . 



Confed. 



70 k. & w., 145 p. 

92 p 

8 k. 30 p 



1500 k. andw 

Loss about the 

same 

11 k. 30w 

400 p 

5 k. 10 w 



Loss 1800 

70 p 

71k. 268 w., 400 p. 



2 k., 30 w., 20 p. 



9 k. 22 w 



30 or 40 k. andw. 
30 k., 176 w., 51 p. 



600 w. 



10 k. and w., 10 p. 



8 k., 20 w., 46p. 
150k. andw. 150 p 



Remarks. 



Confed. defeated with severe loss. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates repulsed. 



Confederates defeated. 

Federals surrendered. 

13 pieces artillery, etc., captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals repulsed. 
Confederates routed. 
1 3 pieces of artillery captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated. 

100 stand of Confederate arms left 

on the field. 
Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates routed. 
80 Confederate horses captured. 
Confederate loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confeds. defeated. Their loss 
over 10,000, of which 9,000 
were killed and wounded. 



Confederate loss 200. 
Confederates defeated. 



302 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1863. 

Jan'y 11 



" 26 

" 30 

" SO 

" 31 

Feb'y 3 

" 3 

♦' 4 

" 10 

" 12 

" 15 

" 15 

" 15 

" 19 

" 20 

" 26 

" 27 
March 1 

" 2 

" 2 

*•- 6 

" 7 

" 10 

u 17 

u 17 

" IS 

" 20 

" 22 

» 29 

" 30 

" 30 

April 1 

" 2 

" 2 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Capture of Fort Hindman, on 
the Arkansas Eiver 



Near "Woodbury, Tenn 

Trenton, Tenn 

Deserted House, 9 miles from 

Suffolk, Va 

Near Nashville, Tenn 

Mingo Swamp, Mo 

Fort Donelson, Tenn 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Near Lake Providence, La. 

Old River, La 

Near Bolivar, Tenn 

Canesville, Tenu 



Nolens ville, Tenn 

Arkadelphia, Ark 

Coldwater, Miss 

Yazoo Pass 

"Woodstock, Ya 

15 miles from Newbern, N. 

BradyviUe, Tenn 

Near Petersburg, Tenn . . . . 

Aldie, Va 

Chapel Hill, Tenn 

Near Franklin, Tenn 



Union ville, Tenn 

Near Covington, Tenn. 

Kelly's Ford, Va 

Near Franklin, Va 

Berwick Bay, La 

Near Milton, Tenn 



Near Blue Spring, Mo. 
Near Somerville, Tenn. 
Near Somerset, Ky. . . , 
Point Pleasant, W. Va. 

DoanesviUe, Va 

"Woodbury, Tenn 

In Jackson Co., Mo. . . , 



Adm. Porter and 
Gen. McCler 

naud , 

Gren. Palmer 

Col. Wood 



Gen. Corcoran . 



Maj. Reeder . , 
Col. Harding. 



Capt. Tucker. 



Col. Monroe. . . 

Sergt. Holmes. 
Capt. Brown . . 
Lt.-Col. Wood. 
5th Illinois . . . 



Capt. Jacobs . . . 
Gen. Rosecrans 



Capt. Schultze . 
Col. Johnson. . 
Col. Colburn. . . 

Gen. Manly . . 
CoL Grierson. . 
Gen. Averill. . . 

Col. Spear 

Capt. Perkins. 
Col. Hall 



Gen. Gillmore, 



1st Vermont. 
Gen. Hazen. . 
Maj. Ransom. 



Confed. 



Gen, Churchill. . 
Capt. Dawson. . 
Gen, Pry or 



D. McGee 

Wheeler and 

Forrest 

"3d La." 



Morgan's Cav. 



Morga 



Mosby . . . . 
Col. Roger. 
Van Dorn. . 



Gen. Russell . . . 
Col. Richardson. 



Morgan and 

Breckinridge . 

Quantrell 



Pegram 

Gen. Jenkins. 
Capt. Mosby. . 



Hicks . 



i 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 



303 



Killed, Wouuded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Xearly 1000 k., w, 

and missing. . . . 

2 k. 9 w 



5 w. 



12 k. 30 w. 
8 k. and w. 



2 k. 12w 

6 k., 3 w., 15 p. 

5 w 

200 k, and p.... 

Iw 

15 k. and w 



100 k., 300 w. and 
1200 p 



Ik. 16 w, 



•7 k.3 w 

9 k. 5 m. several w. 
40 k. and w 



1 k. 1 w 

60 k., w., and p. 



Confcd. 



5.50 k. & w. 5000 p 

35 k. ]00 p 

34 p. or killed 



12 k., 12 w., 300 p 
9 k. 20 w 



100 k. 400 w. 300 p 

30 k. and w 

11 k. and w., 25 p, 

4 k. 5 w 

20 k., many w., 6 p. 

8 k., 20 w., 4 p. . . 
14 k. 12 w 



6 k. 26 p. 



3 k. 48 p 

8 k., 30 w., 89 p. 

12 k. 20 W 

30 p 

12 k. 72p 

120 k. 300 w 

50 k. 180 w 

25 k. many p 

86 p 



10 k. 20 w 

40 k. 140 w. 1 2 m. 



12 k. 14 p. 



12 k. 30 w. andp. 
17 k 



Kemarks. 



Confederates defeated. 

Loss in killed aud wounded on 
each side about 60. 

D. McGee killed. 

Confederates repulsed. 
90 horses taken. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 
50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap- 
tured. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals routed. 
Confederates dispersed. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates retreated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 



Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated. 
Federals retreated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. . 

Conf. loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd. ^ 

Federals defeated, 
Confederates defeated. 



304 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1863. 

April 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Snow Hill, Tenu . 



10 Franklin, Tenn . . . 
14 Bayou Teche, La . . 

1 9 Cold water, Tenn . . . 

20 Patterson, Mo 

22 Near Strasburor, Ya. 



G-en. Stanley. . 
Gen. Grano'er. 



" 26 
May 1 



Cape Girardeau, Mo . . 
Near Franklin, Tenn. . 



Col. Bryant. . . 
Col. Smart. . . 
Majors McGee 

and White . 
Gen. McNeil. . 
Col. Campbell. 



Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan- 

semond River 

1 Port Gibson, Miss 

1 MonticeUo, Ky 

1 1 Near La Tlrange, Ark 

2 Before Fredericksburg, Va. . . 
2-3 Chancellors ville, Va 



June 



War ronton Junction 

Hain's Bluff on the Miss. 

Tupelo, Miss 

Raymond, Miss 

Near Jackson, Miss 

Champion Hill, Miss 

Big Black River, j\liss . . . 
Vicksburg, Miss 



Col. Corwyn. . . . 

G-en. McPherson 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Grant and 
Adm. Porter. 

Gen. Milroy 

Gen. Stanley. . . 

Gen. Banks and 
Ad. Farragut. 

Near Doniphan, Mo Major Lippert. . 

Millikeu's Bend, Miss G-en. Thomas. .. 

Beverly Ford, Va [Gens. Buford & 

I Gregg 

Winchester, Va 

Near Middleburg, Va 

Hoover's Gap, Tenn .... 

Liberty Gap, Tenn 

South Anna, Va 



Near Winchester, Va. 
Middletown, Tenn . . . . 
Port Hudson, La. .... 



Col. Nixon 

Gen. Grant.; . . . 
Gen. Carter . . . 
Capt. De Huff. . 
Gen. Sedgwick. 
Gen. Hooker. . . 

Col. De Forrest. 



Gen. Milroy. . . . 
Gen. Pleasanton 
Col. Hoover 
G-en. Willich 
Col. Spear 



Confed. 



Morton and 

Wharton 

Van Dorn 



Marmaduke . . 
Van Dorn's 
Pickets . . . 



Gen. J.S.Bowen. 
Col. Morrison. . . 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Mosby — 



Gen. Ruggles, . . 
Gen. Gregg .... 
Gen. Johnston.. 
Gen. Pemberton 
Gen. Pemberton 

Gen. Pemberton 



Gen. Gardner. 



Gn. McCuUough 

Gn.J.E.B.Stuart 

& F. Hugh Lee 

Gen. Ewell 




CHRONOLOGICAL TAJ5LE OF THE WAR. 



305 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



100 

350 

10 k. 20 w. . 
50 k. aDd w. 



2 

6 k. 6 w. 



41 k. and w 

1.30 k. 718 w. 5 ni 



41 k., w., and m. . 

2000 k. and w 

16,000 k. and w. 
1*7,000 p 



80 k. andw. 



51 k. 181 w 

40 k. 240 w. G m, 
426 k. 1842 w... 
29 k. 242 w 



Loss about 2500. 



900 k., w., and m . 
80 k., w., and ra . . 
127 k. 287 w. 151 m 

380 k., w., and m . 
2000 



45 k. and w. . 
90 k. 100 w. 



I- 



Confed. 



15 or 20 k. 50 o, 

300 k. and w. .\ 



20 k. 40. 



5 k., 9 w., 25 p. 
40 k. 200 w 



Eemarks. 



30 k. andw., 11 p. 
1500 k.,w., and p. 



18,000 k. and w. 
5000 p 



90 p 

75k. 250 w. 186 p.. 

40o k. andw 

4000 k., w., and m 
2600 



Loss not reported. 

6 k. 7 p 

8 k. 90 p 



600 k., w., and m. 

200 k. 500 w. & m 

750 k., w., and m. 
850 k., w., and m. 
150 k. andw., 80 p. 



10 p., 



Confederates defeated. 
Confederates repulsed. 
Confederate loss much greater. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 



Confeds, defeated with severe loss 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 



Confed. defeated with heavy 
L^aval engagement. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 
29 cannon captured. 
17 cannon captured. 



Confederates defeated. 
200 horses captured. 



Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 



Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confeds. defeated witli heavy loss. 
Confeds. defeated with heavy loss. 
800 horses, 35 wagons, and their 
commander captured. 



106 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 


1863. 


June 


26 


July 


1 


u 


2-3 


" 


4 


« 


4 


a 


5 


(( 


8 


u 


12 


<( 


12 


(( 


14 


u 


17 


11 


18 


"18-1'J| 


(( 


19 


u 


23 


(( 


26 


Auor. 


20 


(( 


22 


« 


28 


Sept. 


7 


(( 


9 


(( 


' 


"19-20 


Oct. 


8 


(( 


14 


21- 


-28 


Nov. 


3 


(( 


16 


Nov. 


17 


to Dec 4| 


Nov. 


24 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Shelbyville, Tenn 

G-ettysburg 

G-ettysburg 

Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss. 
Helena, Ark 



Bolton, Miss. 



Surrender of Port Hudsou, 

Miss 

Near Jackson, Miss 

Jackson, Miss 

Falling AVatcrs, Va 

Elk Creek, Ark 

Honey Springs, Ind. Territory 

Fort Wagner, S. C 

Wythevilie, W. Va 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Manassas Gap, Va. 
New Lisbon, Ohio. 



Chickamauga . . . 
Pocahontas, Ark. 



Warm Spring, Va 
Fort Sumter 



Tilford, Tenn 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn, 



Chickamauga 



Farmington, Tenn. . , 
Bristow Station, Va.. 
Brown's Ferry, Tenn, 



Bayou Cokay, La 

Campbell Stajtion, Tenn , 



Knoxville, Tenn. . , 
Lookout Mountain, 



Gen. Eosecrans, 
Gen. Meade . . . . 

Gen. Mead 

Gen. Grant . . . . 
Gen. Prentiss . . 



Gen. Grant 



Gen. Banks 

Col. Hatch..... 
Gen. Lanmann. . 
Gen. Kilpatrick . 

Gen. Blunt 

Gen. Blunt. .... 

Gen. Giimore... 

Cols. Tolland & 

Powell 



Col. Shackleford. 



T. H. Stevens. 



Gen. Burnside.. . 
Gen. Rosecrans. 



Gen. Cook 

Gen. Warren. . . 
Gens. Smith & 

Hooker 

Gen. Burbridge. 
Gen. Burnside.. 



Gen. Burnside. 
Hooker 



Confed. 



Gen. Bragg. , . . 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Pemberton' 

Generals Price, 
Holmes, and 
Marraaduke . . 

Gen. Johnson . . 



Gen. Gardner. 



Gen. Cooper 

Gen. Cooper. . . . 
Gn. Beauregard. 



Gen. Morgan . . . 

Gen. Bragg 

Gen. Jeff. C. 
Thompson . . . 



Gen. Frazier. . . 

Gen. Bragg 

Gen. Wheeler . . 
Gen. A. P. Hill 

Gen. Longstreet 



Gen. Longstreet 

Gen. Longstreet 
Bragg 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



307 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Confed. 



85 k. 463 w. 13m, 



Total loss '28, 1 98. . iTotal loss 37,000. . 

245 k. 3688 w. & 9000 k. & w. and 

303 p. 30,000 p. 



250 k., w., and m. 



1 o k. and w 

oOO k. and w 

29 k. 36 w 

10 k. 25 w 

9 k. 50 w 

j'^00 k., w. audm. 



65 k. and w. 
i30k. 80 w... 



114... 
300 p. 



1644 k. 9262 w. 

4945 m 

29 k. 150 w 

51 k. 329 w 



76 k. 339 w. 22 m. 
18 k. luo w. 559 m. 
400 



600. 



500 k. or w., 1000 p 
4000 p 



5500 p 

175 k. and w. 



L300 p. 130 k. &w 
400 k. or w. 60 p. 
50 k. 75 w. 65 p. . 
500 k. 331 w 



75 k. 150 p 

300 k. or w., 60 p, 



100 p. 
200.. 



2000 p. 



17,000 k., iY.,&ra. 
125 k. & w., 300 p 
1200 k. &w. 800 p 

Loss over 1000. . . 

100 k. 200 p 

1000 



1600. 



Remarks. 



Oonfed. k.(few. notrep'td; lG34p. 
Gen. Reynolds killed. 

Confederates paroled. 



Confederates defeated. 
Rear-guard of Johnson's army 
captured. 



100 conscripts released. 



Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals repulsed. 

Virginia and Tennessee Railroad 

destroyed. 
Confederates defeated. 
Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry, 

400 men, captured. 
Federals defeated. 
Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Staff 

captured. 

Naval engagement. Federals de- 
feated. 

Federals defeated. 

A large supply of army stores 
captured. 

Federals defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 



Confederates withdrew. 



808 



THE NATION^IL HAND-BOOK. 



Dcate. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
o-ajreinents, and Sldrmishes. 



Commanders. 



Uiiion. 



1863. 

N.2y-25 
'^ 25 

" 27 

27-3W 

Dec. 14 

'• 25 

" 20 

1864. 

Jan. 2 

3 

" 12 

" n 

" 28 
" 2y 
" 30 

Feb. 3 

" 3 

« 4 

14 

* 20 

22-25 

" 22 

March 5 

" 9-10 
" 16 
" 21 
" 21 
25 

Ap'18-9 
! " 12 



Chattanooga, Tenn 

Capture of Missionary Ridge, 

Va 

Hinggold, Ga 

Locust Grove, Ya 

Beau Station 

Pulaski, Tenn 

Charleston, Tenn 



Gen. Grant. 



Gen. Hooker. . , 
Gen. Hooker. . . 
Gen. ^leade. . . 
Shackleibrd . . . , 
Geu. Dodge. . . 
Col. Luberk . . . 



Gen. Bragg. , 

Bragg 

Gen. Hardee. 
Gen. Lee. . . . 
Longstreet. . . 



Gen. Wheeler 



ISTear ilooriield, Va 

Jonesville, Va 

Mossy Greek, Tenn 

Near Dandridge, Tenn 

Tunnel HiU, Ga 

Scottville, Ky 

Federal supply train captured 

near Petersburg, W. Va — 

Bolton, Miss 



Gen. McCook. 



Maj. Johnson. 



Newborn, K C. 
Chnton, Miss. . . 
Gainesville, Fla. 
Ulustee, Fla. . . . 



Col. Snyder . . . . 
cjherman's ad- 
vance 

Gen. Foster. . . . 



Gen. Pickett. 



Tunnel Hill, Ga 

Near DrainsvLUe, Va, 
Yazoo City 



Capt. Roberts . . 
Gen, Seymour . , 

Gen. Palmer. . 



Gen. Gardner. . 

Gen. Wheeler . , 
Mosby 



Suffolk, Va 

Near Fort Pillow 

Henderson's HUl 

Near Alexandria 

At Fed. Fork, Paducah, 



Ky. 



Gen. Mower. 

Banks 

Col. Hicks . . 



Mansfield, La. 
Fort Pillow . . 



17-20 Plymouth, N. 

' 24| Cane River, La 

25 Supply train captured near 
Pine Bluff, Ark 



Gen, Banks 

Majs. Booth & 

Bradford .... 

Gen. Wessels . . 

Gen. A. T. Smith 



Gen. Forrest. . . 

Klirby Smith . . . 

Gen. Forrest. . . 

Gen. Hoke 

Gen.Dick Taylor 



Col. Drake. 



CHEONOLOGICAL T.iliI.E OF THE WAR. 



509 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Con fed. 



Eemarks. 



40OO. 



About 16,000... 



800.. 
1000. 
200., 



300 p 

2500 

800 k. and w. 

50 p 

121 p 



13 k. 20 w. 



60 k. or w., 300 p. 
150 k. and w. 



14 k. 49 p. 



32 k. and iCo.p. 
40 k. 20 p , 



80 k. and w. 



12 k. 35 w. 

212 k., w., andm. 
15 k. 30 w 



300 k., w., and m. 
loi)'.'.'. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'. . 



1500. 



75 k. and w. . . 
8 k. 7 w. 75 m. 
6k. 20 w..... 



300 



210. 



14 k. 46 w 

500 k. &w. 1500 p. 



600 k. 100 w. 
150 k. llOO p. 
80 k. andw. . 



25 k 

50 k. and w. . . 

282 p 

306 p 

1000 k. andw. 



2000 p. 



Loss not reported. 

1500 k. and w 

1000 



Braji^g defeated. 

Confed. k. and w. not reported. 



Forrest's guerrillas captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 



Confeds. defeated. Loss much 
greater. 

Confed. Battery defeated. 

Confederates routed. 

Federals defeated. Confederate 
loss about the same. 

Killed and wounded not reported. 

Federals defeated. 

Confederates defeated with con- 
siderable loss. 

Suffolk captured. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederate camp captured. 

Town nearly destroyed by the 

bombardment. 
Confederates defeated. 



9 guns captured. 



2000 p. 



310 



THE NATIONAL HANL-BOOK. 



Date. 



1864. 

May 5-7 



8-11 
' 10 
' 10 
' 12 



12-15 
13-15 
" 15 
19-20 
" 24 

May 25 
" 28 

Junel-3 

June 5 



" 10 
" 11 

15-18 

" 22 

" 27 

July 9 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Wilderness, Ya. 



Rock Face Ridge, Ga, 
Spottsj'lvania C. H, . , 
Near Wytheville, Ya . 
Spottsylvania C. H. . , 



Fort Darling, Ya 

Resaca, Ga 

New Market, Ya 

Bermuda Hundred, Ya. 
Wilson's Landing, Ya. , 

Near Dallas, Ga 

Dallas, Ga 

Gold Harbor. Ya 



Piedmont, Ya. 



Mount Sterling 

Guntowa, Miss 

Near Cynthiana, Ky, 



Petersburg, Ya. 



Weldon Railroad, Ya 

Near Kenesaw Mt., Ga 

Monocacy, Md ..... 



" 12 Silver Springs, D. C 

J'yl3-15 Between Pontotoc and Tupelo, 
Tenn 

'* 20 Before Winchester, Va 

" 20 Peach Tree Creek, Ga 

" 22 Before Atlanta, Ga 

27-30 Petersburg, Ya 

Ag. 5-20 Mobile Bay, Ala 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gens. Grant 
Meade, and 
Burnside . . , 

Gen. Sherman. 

Grant , 

Gen. Averill. . , 
Gen. Grant. . . , 



Gen. Butler. . 
Gen. Sherman 
Gen. Sigel. . . 
Gen. Butler. . . . 
Gen. Wild... 
Gen. Hooker. 
Gen. Sherman 
Gens. Grant and 
Meade 



Gen. Burbridge. 
Gen. Slurgis. . . . 
Gen. Burbridge. 

Gens. Grant and 

Meade 

Gen. Meade .... 
Gen, Sherman . . 
Gen. Wallace. . . 

Gen. Augur. . . . 
Gens. Smith and 

Slocum 

Gen. Averill... . 
Gen. Sherman . . 
Gen, Sherman . . 

Gen. Grant 

Adm.Farragut & 

Gen. Granger. 



Confed 



Gen. Lee. 



Gn. Joe Johnson 

Lee 

Gen. Jones 

Gen. Lee 



Gn, Beauregard. 
Gn. Joe Johnson 
Breckinridge . . . 
Gn. Beauregard. 
Gn. Fitz H. Lee. 
Gen. Hardee. . . 
Gen. Longstreet. 



Gen, Lee. 



E. Kirby Smitli . 
Gen. Morgan . . , 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Johnson. . 
Gen. J. Early. 



Gen, Early. 



Gen. Forrest . . . 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Hood 

Gen, Hood 

Gen. Lee 

Gn.Page & Adm. 
Buchanan... . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



311 



Killed, ■Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



800 k., w., and m. 



5000 k., w., and m 

700 k. 2800 w 

91 k.440 w. 225 m 

300 

40 k. and w 

1500 

300 



9000 k., w., and m. 



986 y. & w. 1000 p 
200 k. &w. 1200 p. 



10,000 

600 k. <few. 2500p 

1500 

1000 



200 k., w„ and m 



300 

250 k., w., and m. 
1713 k., w., and m. 

3521 

6000 k., w., and m. 



120 k. 88 w. 



Con fed. 



650 k., w., and m, 
1000 p 



Loss much greater. 
Loss not reported. 
1000 k., w., and m. 

Not stated 

275 k. andw., lip 



2500k.&w., 300p. 

8000 k., w., and m. 
1500 p 



700 p 

Loss not reported, 
305 k. 275 w. 400 p 



Not reported 

Loss not reported . 



Not reported 

100 k., many w, . . 



2000 

300 k. & w., 200 p 
5000 k.&w. 1000 p 

10,000 

1200 k,, w., and ra 



1756 p. 



Eemarks. 



Confd, Gen. Long-street wounded. 
Gens, Wadsvvorth and Hayes 
killed. Loss about 28,000 on 
each side. 

Loss about 10,000 on each side. 

Gen, Jones defeated, 

Confeds, lost betw'n. 3000 & 4000 
prisoners, including 2 general 
officers <fe 30 pieces of artillery. 



Federals defeated. 



Confeds. about the same loss. 
Confederates retreated. 



3 guns and 3000 stand of arms, 
stores, etc, were captured, and 
a large number of Confederates 
• killed and wounded. 

Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated and the town 
burned. 



Johnson flanked. 
Federals overpowered and forced 
to retreat. 



Confederates defeated. 
Early defeated. 

Gen. McPherson killed. 

K, and w. not reported. 150 guns 
captured. 



312 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



1864. 

Aug, 14iStrawberry Plains, Ya. . . . 
15-18; Deep Bottom, Va. 
' 16 Crooked lluu, Va. 



18-22 

" 19 

'' 21 

" 21 

" 24 

" 25 

** 31 



Sept. 



16 



19 



" 21 
" 26 
Sept. 29 
to Oct. 1 
Sept. 30 
Oct. 2 



« 27 

0. 28-30 
" 28 

Nov. 5 



Jonesboro, Ga. 



Vsi. 



At Six Mile Station, 

On Weldou Road 

Suraiuit Point, Va. 

Dalton, Ga 

On the Weldoa Road 

Before Atlanta. 

Drakesville & Perry ville, Va. 
Greenville, Teiin 



Sycamore Ch\irch, Va. 



Bunker Hill, near "Winchester, 

Va 

Fisher's Hill, Va 

Ironton, Mo 



Richmond and Petersburg, Va. 

Preble's Farm 

A.bingdon, Va 

Darbytown Road and New 

Market Heights 

Fisher's Hill, Va 

Allatoona, Ga 

Darbytown Road, Va 

Bull's Gap, Va 

Cedar Creek, Va 

Lexington, Mo 

Mins Creek, Mo 



Darbytown, 'Williarasburg 

Road, and Hatcher's Run, Va! Gen. Grant. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Grant. 
Gen. Grant., 
Gen. Merrill , 



Gen. Kilpatrick 

and Col. Miiity 

Gen. Warren . . . 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Slieridaa. . 

Col. Siebold 

Gen. Grant 

Geu. Sherman . . 



Gen. Gillam . . 

Gens. Gregg and 
Kautz 



Gen. Sheridan . . 
Gen. Sheridan. . 
Gen. Ewing. 



Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 

Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Geu. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 



Grant 

Warren . . . 
Burbridge . 

Butler 

Sheridan. . 

Corse 

Terry 

Gillera.... 
Sheridan . . 

Blunt 

PleasantOD 



Decatur . 
Norristown, E. Tenn. 

Fort Sedgwick, Va. . 



Col. Morgan, 
Geu. Gillam. 



Confed. 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 

Gens Loraax & 
Wickham. . . . 

Gen. Ross Fer- 
guson 

Gen. Pickett. .. 

(jien. Lee 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Wheeler. . . 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Hood 



John Mor2;au . 



Gen. Hampton.. 



Gen. Early. 
Gen. Early. 
Gen. Price. 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Echols 

Gen. Anderson. 
Gen. Rosser. . . . 
Gen. French... . 

Gen. ... . 

Gn. Breckinridge 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Price 

Gen. Price 



Gen. Lee . 
Rhoddy . 
Vaughn . 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



313 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Total loss 1100... 
Total loss 4000... 



70. 



.S14 k. and w 

8000 

600 

900 

30 

lOOOk.&w. 3000p. 
50 k. 439 w. 50 m. 
300 



110 k., w., and m, 



3000 k. and w. 
600 k. and w. , 
9 k. 60 w 



500 k. &w., 1500 p. 
850 



500 

60 

600 k., w., and m . 

414 

220 

4000 k.&w. 1300 p 



1000 k. &w. 2000 p 



400 k. 1500 w. 

800 m 

100 



•70. 



Ccnfed. 



250 p. 
2500 . , 



800. 



1000 k., w., and m, 

1500 p 

2000 



150 

1500 k. and w 

5000 k., w., and m . 

10 p 

100 k. '75 p , 



90 k. and w 

00 k. 4000 w. 

2500 p 

400 k.&w. 1100 p 
1500 k. and w 



50 p 

18 k. 71 w. 21 ra. 



1000 

330 p 

275 k. & w., 500 p, 
200 



2800 k.&w. 1300 p 
900 k., 1000 p.... 



1600 k., w., and ra 
400 p., many k.&w, 
200 p 



120. 



Eemarks. 



Gonfed. k. and w. not ffiven. 



Confederates defeated. 



Confederates defeated. 

Confederate loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates repulsed. 
Confederates repulsed. 
Morgan's staff taken prisoners, 
Moro-an killed. 



Confed. Gens. Rhodes and Gor- 
don killed. 
16 confed. guns captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confed. loss about 2400. 



Confed. k. and w. not given. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals retreated. 
Confederate loss not given. 

Blunt- defeated. 

Gens. Marmaduke and Cabell, 
2800 wounded Confeds., and 
1500 stand of arms captured. 



8 pieces of artillery captured 

from the Confederates. 
Confederates defeated. 



314 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Date. 



1864. 

Nov. 12 
Nov 29 
to Dec. 7 
Nov. 30 

Dec. 1 

" 13 

« 14 

15-21 

Dec 15 

D. 15-16 

« i^j 
23-25 

1865. 

Jan. 15 

Feb. 5-1 

" 11 

17-19 

20-22 

Feb. 27 
toMh.lO 
March 2 

" 10 

" 11 

" 16 

" 19 

" 29 

27-25 

April 1 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Near Nineveh, Ya 

Graharasville and Pocotahgo, 
S. C 



Frankhn, Tenn. 



Nashville, Tenn. ... 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Kingsport, E. Tenn. 

Bristol, Tenn 

Savannah, Ga 

Near Murfreesboro. 
Nashville 



Ashbyville, Ky. . , 
Fort Fisher, N. C. 



Fort Fisher. N. C. 

Dabney Mills and Hatcher's 

Run, Ya 

Near Wilmington, N. C 

Fort Anderson, N. C 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Powell , 



Gen. Foster. . . 
Gen.Schofield., 

Gen. Thomas. . , 

Rosseau 

Gen. Burbridge, 
Gen. Burbridge, 
Gen. Sherman . . 



Gen. Thomas . . . 

Gen. McCook. . . 
Gen. Butler and 
Rear Ad. Porter 



"Wilmington, N. C . 



Waynesboro, James River, and 
Yirgiuia Central Railroad 

Between Charlottesville and 
Staunton 

Kingston, N, C 



Kingston, N. C . . 
Averasboro, N. C. 
Bentonville, N. C. 
Quaker Road... . . 



Petersburg, Ya. 
Five Forks 



Gen. Terry 

Gen. Grant and 

Meade. . . . 
Gen. Terry . . , 
Gen. Schofield & 

Rear Ad. Porter 
Gen. Schofield & 

Rear Ad. Porter 

Gen. Slieridan, 



Gen. Loraax. 



Gen. Hood. 

Gen. Hood. 
Forrest . . . . 
Basil Duke 



Gen. Hardee. . . 

Forrest 

Hood 



Gen. Lyon . . . 
Gen. Whiting. 



Sheridan 

Gen. Schofield . 

Cox and Couch 
Gen. Sherman. 
Gen- Sherman . , 
Sheridan , 



Gens. Grant and 
Meade 

Sheridan and 
Warren 



Gen, Lee. 



Gen. Hoke. . . , 
Gen. Bragg. ... 
Gen. Early 



Early. 
Bragg. 



Hill and Hoke.. 
Gen. Johnson. . . 
Gen. Johnson. . . 
Bushrod Johnson 



Gen. Lee. 
Gen. Lee. 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



315 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



From 1200 to 1500 
189 k. 1033 w. 

1104 m 

Loss about 6500. . 



400 

6500 loss. 



195. 



110 k. 536 w 

147 k. 1038 w. 

800 w 

60 



100. 
200. 
69.. 



1000 loss. 



300 

74 k. 477 w, 
1646 , 



Confed. 



150 p. 



1750 k. 3800 w. 

702p 

Loss over 23,000.. 

207 p 

150 

300 p 

600 k. & w. 1000 p 

1500 k. and w 

23,000 loss 



100 k. & w., 280 p. 
440 k. & w. 2500 p. 



100 

60 p 

1072 p 

5 k. 1352 p. 



1800 p 

1200 k. &w.,400p 



180 k. 1240 w. 
990 m 



3000, 



2000 

327 k. 373 p 

167 k. 1625 p 



2200 k. & w. 2800 
P 



5000 p. 



Eemarks. 



Confed. guns captui'ed. 

Confed. loss not reported. 

Confederates defeated. 

Forrest routed, losing 14 cannon. 
Confederates routed. 



Forrest defeated. 

Ed. Johnson captured, also 47 

guns and 7000 small arms. 
Lyon defeated. 



The fort and 72 guns captured. 



Killed and wounded not reported. 

Killed and wounded not reported. 

11 guns, which was nearly the 

whole of Early's force captured 



2000 Confeds. captured from the 

8th to the 10th. 
Confederates repulsed. 

Confederates repulsed. 
Confederates retire. Loss on 
each side 500. 



All the Confederate artillery cap- 
tured. Davis flies by niglifc 
from Richmond. 



316 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 


1865. 


April 1 




2 


(( 


2-3 


(( 


3 


« 


6 


« 


9 


t< 


11 


« 


12 


(( 


12 


t( 


14 


'« 


16 


(( 


26 


May 


1 




4 


«< 


10 


<( 


10 


« 


10 


(( 


26 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Ebenezer Chui'ch, Ala. 
Selma, Ala 



Petersburg and Ricbmotid. . .. 

Richmond entered by General 

Near Farmville and Sailors' 

Creek 

Surrender of Lee's army to 
Fort Blakly, Mobile 

Surrender of Montgomery, Ala., 

Near Salisbury, N. G 

sination of President Lin 
Columbus & West Point, Ala. . 
Surrender of Gen. Johnson and 
Surrender of Morgan's old com 
Surrender of Gen. Dick Taylor 

Tallahassee, Fla 

Near Boco Chico, Texas 

Capture of Jeff Davis, Irwins 
Surrender of General Kirby 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



Gen. Wilson . . . 'Forrest. . . 
Gen. Wilson . . . |Forrest. . . 

I 

I 

Gen. Grant Gen. Lee. 

Weitzel's colored troops. 

I 
Sheridan Lee 



General Grant at 
Gen. Canby and 
Adra. Thatcher 
to Gen. Wilson 
Gen. Stonf^man. 
coin, Ford's The 
Gen. Wilson.. . . 
his army, num 
mand to General 
of all the forces 
Gen. McCook . . . 
Col. Barrett 



ville, Ga 
Smith and 



his 



Appomattox 

Gen. Taylor 

Gen. Forrest. . . . 

Gardner 

atre, by J. Wilkes 

bering 27,500 
Hobson, 1200 
of W. Mississippi 
Gen. Sam. Jones 
Gen. Slaughter. 



army of about 



CHRONOLOGICAL TAELE OF THE WAU. 



317 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Eemarks. 


Union. 


Confcd. 




300 p 


S Confederate a;nns captured. 

Forrest and llhoddy taken pris- 
oners. Seluia captured and 
all stores. 




3000 p 


8000 


9000 k., w., and ra. 
GOOO p 




Confed. Gens. Ewell, Kershaw, 
Corse, & Curtis Lee captured, 
also 16 guns and 400 wagons. 

All were paroled. 

32 Conf d cannon captured, 4000 p 
100 Confed. guns captured. 
14 Confed. cannon captured. 

100,000 bales of cotton taken. 
None killed. 


C. H.,Ya 


26,115 p 


2000 


500 k. & w., 300 p. 

2700 p 

1800 p 






Booth. 


1500 p 


men. 

men, at Mt. Ster 

to Gen. Canby. 


ling, Ky. 

10,000 

SOOOp 


•70... 




This was the last engagement of 


20,000. 


the war. 



Statement of Vessels captured and destroyed for Yiolation of 
the Blockade^ or in Battle^ from May^ 1861, to May 1865, 
from the Official Report of the Secretary of the Navy. 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vessel. 


Schooner. . . 
Ship 


A. J. Russell... 


1861 
May 8 
May 14 
May 22 
May 17 
June 5 
June 18 
June 10 
June 15 
June 17 
July 4 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 13 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 31 
Sept. 27 
Oct. 6 


Hampton roads 

») 

Mobile bay. .. . ... 


Cumberland 


Ai'cola. ......... 


Minnesota 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Ship 

Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner... 


Almira Ann.... 
Aid 


Niagara 


Amelia 

Amy Warwick.. 
Alena 




Hampton roads 

Potomac river 

Chandeleur island. . 


Minnesota 
Mount Vemon 


Achilles 

Ann Ryan 

Alvarado 

Abbie Bradford. 
Albion . 


Massachusetts 


Brig 

Schooner . . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Brig 

Brig 


St. Mary's river 

Mississippi river.... 
Charleston 


Jamestown 
Powhatan 
Roanoke & Seminol© 


Aigbnrth 

Aristides 

Alert 


Lat. 30% long. 80°.. 
Key West 


Jamestown 




Roanoke and Flag 
VandaAia 


Ariel 


Wilming-ton, N. C . . 


Ariel . .. 


Oct. 20 
Sept. 13 
Nov. 17 
Nov. 25 
Dec. 12 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 1 

1862 

Jan. 10 

Feb. 25 


Gcmsbok 


Argonaut 

Adeline 


Susquehanna 
Connecticut 
Penguin & Alabama 
Alabama 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Ship 


Off Cape Carnaveral 
Coast of S. Carolina. 
Tybee 


Admiral 


Mississippi sound. . . 

i> ••• 
„ ... 


New Loudon & R. R. 


Schooner... 
Sloop 

Schooner... 


A. J. View 

Advocate 

Anna Smith 

Arrow. 


Cuyler 
New London & R. R. 

Cuyler 
New London, &o 


St. John's, Florida.. 
West coast of Florida 
East coast of Florida 
Newbern,N. 

M 


Bienville & Mohican 


Sloop 

Yacht 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 


Atlanta .... .... 


Ethan Allen 


America 

Albemarle 

A. H. Partridge. 


March.. 
Mar. 14 


Ottawa, (fee. 
Rowan's expedition 


Anna Belle 

Alert 


March. . 
Feb. 26 
April 26 
April 19 

April 26 

May 1 
April 29 

May 14 

Mar. 6 
May 26 
June 1 
June 7 
July 16 


Cape Blass. . . - ..... 


Pursuit 




St. John's, Florida.. 
Stono, S. Carolina.. 
Florence, Alabama. 
Captured at Fort 


Bienville 




Active 


Flambeau 


Steamer.... 
Ship 


Alfred Robb.... 

Alliance 

Albert 


Tyler 

Daylight and Chip- 
pewa 






Sloop 


Annie 


Gulf of Mexico 

Roanoke river 

Pamlico river, N. C. 

Mural, Cuba 

Coast of S. Carolina 
Pamunkey river 


Kanawha 


Alice 


PeiTy, Lockwood & 






Ceres 
Ceres 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 


Andromeda 

Agnes H. Ward. 
Amer'n Coaster. 
Agnes 


Pursuit 

Northern Light 
Currituck 
Huntsville 



320 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOYED 



Class. 



Schooner . . . 
Steamer 

Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Tug 

Ram 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 

Steamer 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop 



Sloop 

Steamer. . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner . 

Boat 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Bchooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 



Sloop 

Schooner. 

Ram 



Steamer. . 
Ii'on-clad, 
rebel... 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Brig 



Name. 



iquilla. 
Adela . . 



Ann 

fVlbemarle. . . . 

America 

Anna Sophia . 
Arctic 



1862 
Aug. 4 

July 7 
June 19 



Agnes . 
A.nn Squires. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what 



Charleston i Huron 



Bahamas. 



Mobile. 



Mar. 
April 
Aug. 



Sept. 

Oct. 

Aug. 



Oct. 



Anglo American 

Arkansas 

Adventure 

A. B 'Aug. 

Annie Dees INov. 

Adelaide Oct. 

Anglia lOct. 

Ariel INov. 

Agnes Nov. 

Dec. 

Nov. 



25 Tungo river, N. C. . . 
10 NeM'togan c'k, N. C. 

27 Gulf of Mexico 

. . Potomac river 

or St. Andrew's sound, 

^^j Cxa 

liWicomico bay 

23 Mississippi river. . . . 



1 Pensacola 

15 Corpus Christi.... 

7 Charleston 

21 Sounds of N. Car. 



Bull's bay 

Lat. 24°, long. 83° 
Indian river 



Avenger 

Antona 

W. Baker . . . 
A.W.Thompson 

Alligator 

:^von 

Annie 

Atlantic 

Aries 

Antelope 

Agnes 

Aurelia 

Anna 

Ascension 

Annie B 

Alabama 

A. Carson 

Ahna 

Amelia 



Angelina 

A. J. Hodge.... 



Argo 

Atlanta 

Anna Maria.... 
Arctic 



Artist... 
Atlantic. 



Quaker City and 

Huntsville 
Susquchanna&Kan- 

awha 
Delaware 
Com. Perry, &c 
R. R. Cuyler 
Freeborn 

Florida 

"William Bacon. 



Kensington, &c. 
Arthur 
I Seneca 
! Ellis 

I Flag & Restless 
Huntsville 
; Sagamore 



Dec 

18G3. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
)> 
Mar. 
Feb. 
April 
April 
April 

April 
May 



24 
15 
24 

lo: , I 

18 Shallotte inlet, :N. C I.Monticello 

30 Jupiter inlet Gem of the Sea 



Cape St. Bias 

3 [Mississippi river 

28|Finey Point 

Caloosahatchie river 

Abaco 

Wilmiugton 

Havana 

Bull's Bay, S. Car. . 

Charleston 

Tortugas 

Mosquito inlet 

Suwanee river 

Havana 

Lat. 27% long. 83° . . 
Lat. 29°, long. —°. . . 



May 16 
May 13 

May 20 

Jime 17 

June 28 
May 28 

July 

Aug. 15 
Aug. 10 



Chesapeake hay ... 




Savannah 



Steinhathee river... 

Great Yiocomico 

Charlotte Harbor 

Florida 

Lat. 28% long. 95° . , 
Rio Grande 



Sag.imore 

Pocahontas 

Queen of the "West 

Wyandank 

Julia 

Tioga 

State of Georgia 

Sonoma 

Stettin 

Memphis 

Two Sisters 

Arizona 

Fort Henry 

Huntsville 

Wanderer 

Susquehanna 

W. World and S. 
Rotan 

Perry 

Flag, Canandaigua, 
Wamsutta 

Courier 

Huntsville 

Yazoo Pass expedi- 
tion 



Weehawken 

Nahant 
Fort Henry 
SateUite 



and 



Bermuda 
Princess Royal 



rOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



321 



Class. 



Name. 



Wlien 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Steamer..., 
Schooner.., 

Steamer 

Steamer... 

Brig 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Boat , 

Schooner.., 
Schooner. ., 
English sch, 

Schooner.., 

British sch., 
Steamer 



Alice Vivian... 

Ann 

Alonzo Childs . 

AraVuan 

Atlantic 

Alabama 

ArL':us 

Alice 

Arctic 

Anita 

Amelia Ann 

Alhert, or We^ 

non.a , 

Antoinette 

Antonica , 



1863 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 8 



Gulf of Mexico 
Gilhert's bar . . , 



Sloop 

Schooner... 

Steamer 

Mexican sch 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer. . . . 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Bebel ram.. 
Rebel steam 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer .... 

Schooner . . • 

Schooner... 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner... 

Bebel sch. . . 
Sloop 



Annie Thomps'n 
Arietta, or Mar- 
tha 

AUiani- 

Alma 



Sept. If) 
Aug. 11 
Sept. 12 
Oct. 7 
July 1.3 
Nov. 1;") 
Oct. 27 
Nov. — 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 8 
Dec. 20 

1864. 
Jan, 16 



New inlet. N. Car.. 
Off' the Rio Grande. 
Chandeleur island . . 
Red river 



Dc Soto 
Sagamore 

Mississippi squadron 
Shenandoah 



At sea 

At sea 

Brazos Santiago. 

Off Mobile 



Cumberland beach.. 
Off Wilmington 



Amanda. . 

Agnes .... 
Ann C Daven- 
port , 

Arrow 

A. D. Vance... 

Annie 

Annie Virden.. 
Annie 

Ann Louisa... 

Albemarle 

Alabama 

Albert Edward 



St. Cath.'s sound. . . 

Mar. 3 ft' Tybee island .... 

April 12 Off Savannah 

April 19 1 Coast of Texas 

May 14 ^f.^^J'P^"*^^ '^^"^« 

May 3 Oft' Velasco, Texas. . 

May 12 Alligator river. 



Eugenie 
Black Hawk 
Fort Henry 
Ladona 
Granite City 

Kanawha 

Bra zi 11 era 

Gov. Buckingham 

Fernandina 



July 28 Gatesville, N. 
Sept. 10 1 At sea 



Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 

Sept. 6 



31 [Off New inlet. 
slOff Valasco... 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Armstrong 

Alabama 

Augusta 

Ajnazon 

Annie Sophia.. 

Anna Dale .... 
Annie 

Belle Conway. 

Brilliante 

Basilde 

Brunette 

Baltimore 

Beverly 

Bachelor 

Brena Vista... 
Beauregard.... 



June 19 
Oct. 31 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 7 

1865. 
Jan. 17 
Mar. 2 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 18 
April 11 

1861. 
May 15 
June 23 

July 16 
Sept. 23 
Oct. 3 



July 17 
Nov. 13 



Near Cape Fear 

Lat.26°30'N.; long. 
89°30' W 

Roanoke river 



Off Cherbourg, Fr.. 
Lat. 27° N.; long. 94*^ 

W 

Lat. 32° N.; long. 7 7^^ 

W 

Off St. Louis Pass. . . 



Suwanee river, Fla. 
Savannah river 

Galveston Bay 

Pass Cavallo 

Crystal river, Fla.. 

Hampton roads 

Mississippi sound. . . 

Coast of Maryland. . 
Hatteras inlet 



Potomac river 

Bahama channel. . . 



S. Car., T. A. Ward 
Virginia 

Kanawha 

Chocura 

Ceres and Rockland 

Naval and army cap- 

tui-e 
Santiago de Cuba 
Kansas, &c. 
Mobile 
Aster 

Proteus 

Torpedo boat (Lieuf . 

Cashing) 
Kearsarge 

Katahdin 

R. R. Cuyler and 

others 
Princess Royal and 
Chociu-a 

Honeysuckle 
Pontiac 

Bienville and Prin- 
cess Royal 
Panola 
Sea Bird 

Minnesota 
Massachusetts 

Potomac flotilla 

Susquehanna 

Gemsbok 

Potomac llotilla 

Resolute 

W. G. Anderson 



322 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTKOTED 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vesseL 


Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner... 


B. F. Martin . . . 
Blooming Youth 

Black "Warrior.. 
British Queen... 

Bermuda 

Belle 


1861 
July 28 
Dec. 18 

1862. 
Feb. — 
Mar. 1 
April 27 
April 26 

June 9 


Hatteras 




Alexandria, Va 

Elizabeth City 


Perry 

Rowan's expedition 


Steamer.... 


ITole-in-Wall 

Charleston 


Mercedita 
XJncas 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer. . . . 


British Empire.. 
Baigorry 


Maratonzas inlet.... 
Lat. 23°, loBg. 83° . . 

Coast ofTeias 

Potomac river 

Coast of Texas 

New Topsail inlet . . 
Indian river 


Isaac Smith 
Bainbridge. 


Blossom 

Breaker 

Bellefont 

Belie Italia 

Brilliant 

By George 

Bloomer 

Brave .......... 


Aug. 12 

Feb. — 
July 10 
Nov. 3 
Dec. 1 
1863. 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 19 

Feb. 3 
Feb. 23 


R.diance 
Ai'thur 

Daylight 
Sagamore 

Naval and army cap- 


New Orleans, La. . . . 
Mississippi river . . . 


ture 
Octorara 


Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 


Burto n. ...... 


Admiral Farragut's 


Berwick Bay... 
Belle 


fleet 
Queen of the "West 


Brothers 

Banffor 


Mar. 22'Abaco 

Mar. 25' 

April 'M r^nlf of "M prxio.n 


Tioga 

Fort Henry 
Do Soto 


Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 

Ship 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

■Roat 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Sloop 


Brio-ht 


Biazer 

Britannia 

Banshee 

Bettie Oratzer.. 

Blue Belle 

Buckshot 

Banshee 

Bigelow 

Bendigo 

Buffalo 


May 27 
June 25 
July 29 
June 23 
July 2 
Aug. 7 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 16 

1864. 
Jan. 3 

Feb. 1 
May 5 

July 8 
Oct. 10 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 27 
Dec. 27 

1865. 
Jan. 24 

Feb. 2 
Mar. — 
May 10 

1861. 
Sept. 24 
April 23 


Lat. 26°, long. 96° . . 
Lat. 25°, long. 74°... 

New Inlet 

Coast of N. Car.... 
Sabine Pass 


Brooklyn 
Santiago de Cuba 
Niphon 
Flambeau 
Cayuga 


') 

Bear Inlet 


Grand Gulf and Ful- 
ton 


Off Wilmington 

St. Andrew's sound 


Blockading squadron 
Braziliera 


Steamer.... 
Steamer 


Bombshell 

Boston 

Bat 


OffPlymouth, N. C. 
Off Wilmiug-ton 

St. George's Sound, 


Mattabesett and oth- 
ers 
Fort Jackson 
Jlontgomery, &c. 

Adela 


Schooner... 


Badger 


Steamer.... 
Schoo ner . . . 


Beatrice 

Belle 


Off CLaiieston, S. C. 
Gralvestou, Texas... 

Cape Fear river.... 

Lat. 28° N., long, 92° 

w 


Picket boats 
Virginia 


Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 


Blenheim 

Ben Willis 

Beaufort 

Baltic 


N. Atlantic squadron 
Panola 


Gunboat. .. 
Rebel st'r-.. 


Hichmond, Va 

Tombigbee river 

,, .... 


Part of N. Atlantic 

squadron 
Part of West Gulf 


Kebel st'r.. 


Black Diamond 


squadron 
Dart 


Schooner... 


Cambria 


Hamilton roads .... 


Cximberland 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



323 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vessel. 




. 


1861 
May 2 
May 17 
May 27 
July 5 
Aug. 8 
April 7 
Sept. 4 

Dec 6 

Dec. 15 

Dec. 31 

1862- 

Jan. 23 

Feb. — 
Mar. — 

Mar. 14 
April 3 

April 2 

April 5 
April 10 

May 4 

May 22 

May 26 

May ■ si 
May 13 


I 

Hampton roads.... 

„ .... 

)? .... 
Galveston ... .... 




Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner . 


Crenshaw 

Catherine 

Caroline 

G. P. Knapp.... 
Charles Henry. 
Col. Long 

Cheshii-e 

Charity 

Capt. Spedden.. 

Calhoun 

Curlew 

Caroline 

Cora 


Minnesota 
South Carolina 








Sloop 


Chandcleur island.. 
At sea 


Massachusetts 


Schooner. . . 


Savannah.... ...... 


Flag, Seneca, Poca- 
hontas, Augusta, 
and Savannah 
Stars and Stripes 
Harry Lewis, "Water- 
Witch and New 


Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 


Hatteras inlet 

Biloxi 


Steamer 

Steamer. . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 


Southwest Pass 

Roanoke island 

West coast of FI a... 
Lat. 26°, long. 84°.. 


London 

Colorado, Hachel 
Seaman, and tend- 
er of Samuel Eo- 
tan 

Rowan's expedition 

Etlian Allen 

Panola 




Clifton.. .. 


Rowan's expedition 
Susquehanna 
Mercedita and Saga- 


Sloop 

Pilot boat.. 


Coquette 


CharJeston bar 

A^palachicola 

Coast of Texas 

Mobile 


Schooner.... 


Columbia 

Charlotte 


more 
Montgomery 








Steamer.... 
Steamer 


Circassian 

Constitution 

Cambria 


Coast of Cuba 

Lockwood's Folly in- 
let 


Somerset 

Mount Vernon, Vic- 
toria, and State of 


Steamer 


Charleston 


Gooi-oia 
Huron 




At Sea 






Charleston 

Bayou Bonfouca 


Keystone State 


Gunboat.... 


Coryphens 


Calhoun 
Mound City 
Alabama and Flam- 




Catalina 

Curlew 


June 20 

June 16 
June 28 
Mar. 14 

April 10 


Charleston.. ..... 




Cedar Keys 

Warsaw Sound 

Sounds of N. Car.... 
Newbem.... ...... 


beau 
Somerset 








Schooner 


Caroline Virginia 
Comet.. ........ 


Naval exi3edition 
Rowan's expedition 
Commodore Perry 


Schooner. • . 


Newtncan c'k N. C. 


Propeller... 
Schooner. . . 


Columbia 

Corelia 


July 9 Coast of Texas 

Aug. 3 Lat. 28°, long. 76°. . . 
Aug. 23 Lat. 23°. Ions-. 84°.. 


Arthur 

Santiago de Cuba 
James S. Chambers 


Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Sphnnnpr 


Chapel Point... 
Conchita 

Carolina 

Capitola. ...... 


Sept. 20 
Oct. — 

Oct. 28 

Nov. 8 

») 

Nov. 11 
Dec. 22 


Potomac river 

Coast of Texas 

Lat. 29°, long. 87°... 

Glymont, Md 


Jacob Bell 
Crocker's expedition 
Montgomery 
Resolute 


Caperton 

Corse... ........ 




Sabine Pass 

Lat. 24°, long. 83°... 


Velocity, Dan Ken- 
si nsrt on, and Ra- 


Schooner... 


Courier 


chel Seaman 
Iluiitsville 



324 



VESSELS CAPTURED A:ND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Brig 

Schooner.. 



Ship. 



Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer . . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 



Steamer 

Brigantine. 

Boat , 

Sloop 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



Comet... 
Carmita. 



Dec. 2G- 

Dec. 27 

1863. 



C. A.Parwell... 



Ceres 

Chatham 

Curlew 

Charm 

C. AV. Worrell. 
Clara 



Clyde.... 
CrotUda.. 
Cherokee. 



Cuba 

Comet , 

Crazy Jane 

C. llonterean..., 



Schooner.. . 
Steamer.... 



Clarita.. 
CaljT)so . 



Charleston . 
Cassandra . . 
Clara Ann . 

Clotilda... 



Steamer 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Schooner. . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . . 
Steamer. . . . jCornubia 



Feb. 27 Alexandria, Va.. 

Feb. 28 

Feb. 23 Indian river 

Feb. 24| 

Mar. 251 Mobile 

Mar. 30 1 Deer creek 

April l-4jCampeachy bank. 
April lejLat. 28°, long. 80° 
May 7 Charleston bar. 



AprU 20 



May 17 Lat. 28°, long 87°.., 

May 15 Fort Morgan 

May SiTampa bay, Florida. 

May 16 Charleston.... 



Cronstadt 

Carmita 

Clara Louisa... 
Charmer 



Abaco 

Marquesas keys 



New Orleans, La., 



Apalachicola. 



April 26 
June 11 
June 1 

June 3 

June 21 
June 19 
July 26 
July 11 

Ana:. 7 
July 29 



April 20 
July 
July 
July 

Dec. 
Dec. 
July 



Lat. 26°, long 
Wilmington. 
Crystal river. 



Near Apalachicola. 
St. Joseph's bay.... 
Mississippi squadron 



Wilmington 
Rappahannock rivei 

Cone river 

Mosquito inlet... 
Wacassassa river 
Cape San Bias.... 



By what vesaeL 



Santiago de Cuba 
Magnolia 

Admiral Farragnt's 
fleet 



Adolf Hugel 
New Era 
Gem of the Sea 
Wyandank 
Kanawha 

Mississippi squadron 
Sonoma 
McClelian 
Canandaigua and 
Flag 

Port Royal 

De Soto 

Kanawha 

Tahoma 

S. Atlantic block- 

ad'g squadron. 
De Si.to 
Florida 
Fort Henry and 

Beauregard 
Fort Henry and 

Beauregard 
Octorara and Tioga 
Fort Henry 
Hendiick Hudson 
De Soto 
San Jacinto 
Port Royal 



Aug. 1 

July 26 

July 17 

do. 19-26 

Aug. 1C| Lat. 27°, long. 76° 

ii.ug. 14 

Aug. 8 

July 26 

Nov. 8 



Lat. 26°, long. 95 
Indian River inlet.. 

Mosquito inlet 

Off New Inlet 



Port Royal 
J. L. Davis 



Seminole 
Yankee. 

Sagamore, &c 
Fort Henry 
Hendrifk Hudson. 
Rhode Island 
Bermuda 
Sagamore 
Sagamore, &c. 
Jas. AdgerandNip- 
hon 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



325 



Class. 



Steamer.... 

Eng. stem'r. 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 



Sloop. 



Steamer. 
Schooner. 
Sloop.... 
Steamer. 

Sloop... . 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Steamer. 
Steamer. 
Schooner. 
Schooner, 



Schooner.... 

Steamer 

Schooner.... 

Steamer 

Schooner, . . . 

Sloop 

Steanaer 

Schooner.... 

Steamer..,. 

Rebel iron- 
clad 



Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 



Schooner. 

H. brig... 
Schooner. 



Cumberland. 

Camilla 

Cassie Holt . . 
Caledonia ... 



Caroline 

Cyclops ■. . 

Coquette 

Condor 

Constance 

CoraSmyser.... 
Carrie Mair . . . . 



Name. 



Chatham. 

Ceres 

Caroline.. 
Concordia. 



Caroline. 



Oct, 

1864. 
Jan. 18 
Jan . C 
Feb. 26 



Cora. 



Charlotte. 



Coquette. 

Celt 

Comus. . . 



Cath. Coombs. 
Cora , 



Chaos , 

Cotton Plant. 



Coltmibia. 



Dorothy Haines 
Delaware Far 
mer 

Dart , 

Delta 

Delight 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1863 
Dec. 16 
Dec. (\ 



Where captured. 



Dotey sound . 
Cape Fe.ir river,. 



Dec. 28lOc]oclrney river, Fla. 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



May 30 



Tune 

June 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec 



Dec 
Jan. 



Calcasieu Pass 



Jvipiter inlet 

At sea 

Suwanee river, Fla. 



Port Pembertim. 
At sea 

San Luis Pass.., 



By -what vessel. 



Huron 

Conn, and others 
Stars and Stripes 
Granite City 

Roebuck 

Vandcrbilt 

Clyde 

Mississippi squadron 



Expedition up Yazoo 

De Soto 

Virginia 

Massachusetts and 

Keystone State 
Union 
Flag 
Adolph Hugel 

5|OtrCharleb-ton. 

28 Off Velasco, Texas.. Sciota and Chocura 



Jupiter inlet... 
Otf Charleston. 
Potomac river. 



30 Pass Caballo, Texas 
5 Lat. 32° N., long. 
77° W. 

jAt eea 

9, Off Galveston island 



Jan. 19 
Jan. 26 



Mar. 31 



Feb. 
Mar. 

April 
April 
April 
April 



1861. 
May 11 

May 14 

July 4 
Oct. 27 
Dec 9 



long. 



Lat. 33° N. 

75° W. 
Cape Fear river 

Combahee river, S. 
Carolina 

Stranded on Sulli- 
van's island 

Lat. 23° N., long. 
83° W. 

Yoi^ktown, Va 

Near Brazos de St. 
lago. 

Mississippi river. . . . 

Off Galveston, Texas 



Roanoke river. 



Charleston, S. C... 



Hampton roads. 



Galveston 

Mississippi sound. 



Itasca 
Gettysburg and oth- 
ers 
Mackinaw 
Princess Royal 

Horace Beals 

Malvern and others 

Dai-Ching and Clo- 
ver 



luka 

Crusader 

Quaker City 

Huntress 
Gertrude 
Comubia 
Cornubia and 

trude 
Boat expedition 



Ger*. 



Cumberland 



South Carolina 
Santee 
New London 



326 



VESSELS CAPTUltED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 



Steamer.. 
Propeller. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner., 
Steamer . . 
Schooner. . 
Schoonei". . 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Brig 



Dudley or Pink- 
ney 

Darlington 

Dixie 

Deer Island 

Director 



JDirector , 

Defiance , 

David Crockett, 
Dart , 



1862 

Jan. 10 
Mar. 3 
April 15 
May 13 
May 4 

July - 
Sept. 



Cedar keys 

Fernandina 

Georgeto^Ti 

Mississippi sound. 
York river 



Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 



Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schoonei'.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Bark 

Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 



Dan. . . 
Diana. 
Dove.. 



Oct, 

Oct. 6 

Oct. — 

Nov. 26 



7|Sapello cound. 



Diana 

Douro 

Dolphin 

D. Sargent.... 

Dart 

Dew Drop 

Don Jose 

Director 

Duoro 

Diamond 

Dashing Wave. 

Dare 

Defy 

Dee 

Don 

Donegal, or Aus 
tin. 



1863. 
Jan. 19 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 12 
May 1 
May - 
July 2 
Sept. 30 
Oct. 11 
Sept. 23 
Nov. 5 

1S64. 
Jan, 9 
Feb. 3 
Feb. H 
Mar. 4 

June 



Charleston. 
Coast of Texas. 



Pass Cavalo. 



:New Orleans 

Lat. 33°, long. 77°. 
Lat. 19°, long, 65° 

Oalvciton 

Mobile 



At sea 

Point Eossa 

New inlet 

St. Simon's sound. 
Oft" Rio Grande... 



Schooner.. 
Schooner . 



Delia 

Deiphina. 
Deer 



Off Doboy light, Ga, 
Near Masonbi )ro' . . . 
Oft Eeaufort, N. C. . , 

e' Off Mobile bay 

1865. 
Feb. 17 1 Near Bayport, Fla. . 
Jan. 22jCalcasicu river 

Feb. 18 1 Charleston, S. C 



Dolly.... 
Denbigh. 



Elite 

Emily Ann 

Elizabeth Ann. . 

Enchantress 

Extra 

Eagle 

Edvin 

Ezilda 

Ewd. Barnard.. 

Empress 

E. J. Waterman 

Express 

Ellen Jane 

Eugenia Smith. 



May 

1861 
May 
May 



Roanoke river, N. C 



July 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Emma 

Eugenia Smith, 



Sept. 

Oct 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

1862 
Jan. 
Feb. 



Hampton roads 

Coast of Virginia 



Hatteraa 
Naval expedition 
Keystone State 
Bohio 

Corwin and Curri- 
tuck 



Rappahannock river 



Beaufort, N. C 

Barrataria bay 

Pass a rOutre 

Northeast Pass, Miss 

Tybee light 

Mississippi sound . . . 

Alexandria, Va 

Off Ptio Grande 



17 Coast of Florida . . . . 
Lat. 28°, long. 91°.. 



Brazil! era 
^^merica and Flag 
Kensington, &c 

Kitta tinny 
Magnolia 

Admiral Farragut 

Quaker City 

Wachusett 

Kittatrnny 

Kanawha 

Yazoo expedition 

Juniata 

Gem of the Sea 

Nansemond 

Stettin 

Owasco, Virginia, 

Aries 
Midnight 
Cambridge 
Pequot 

Metacomet 

Mahaska 
Chocura 

Monad nock and oth- 
ers 

Naval expedition 



Cumberland 



Daylight 
Resolute 
Cambridge 
South Carolina 

Vincennes and Miss. 

Savannah 

New London 

Perry 

Santiago de Cuba 

Connecticut 
Bohio 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



327 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vesBcl. 



Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schoouer.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner., 
Schooner.. 

Ship 

Propeller.. 
Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Steamer. . . 

Schooner.. 

Steamer. . . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Armed sch. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Sloop 

Steamer. . . 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 



Elhs 

Edisto 

Elizabeth 

Eva Bell 

Eothen 

Eugenie 

Emily St. Pierre 

Eureka 

EUaWarley... 

Eugenia 

EllaD 

Elizabeth 



Emily. 



Emily ;. 

Emm'a 

Elizabeth 

Eliza 

ElmiraC'rnelius 

Eliza 

Elmer 

Eiias Keed 

Emma 



1862 
Feb. . 
Feb. 14 

Mar. 14 

Ma'r. 16 
Mar. 18 
April 
April 

May 20 

May 22 

May 29 

June 26 

July 

July 23 

July 5 

Aug. 21 

Oct. 11 



Roanolce island. 
Bull's Bay 

Newborn 



f )fF the Mississippi. 

Charleston 

Potomac river 

Lat. 28°, long. 97°.. 

North Carolina 



Charleston. 



Wilmington. 



Bull's bay. 

Lat. 27°, long. 75° 



Charleston. 
Bull's bay.. 



EnamaTuttle.. 

Ellen 

Exchange 



EmmaTuttle.. 
Emily Murray. 
Elizabeth 

Evansville 



Enterprise. 
Express.... 



Emma Amelia.. 

EliasBeekwith.. 

P^ugenie 

Emeline 

Emily 

Echo 

Eagle , 

Emma Bett 

Evening Star . . . 

Elizabeth , 

Emma 

Emma 

Eureka 



Emma. . . . 

Elmira.... 
Excelsior. 



Elizabeth 

Ella and Anna. 



Aug. 
Nov. 
Sept. 

l^ov. 

Nov. 
Dec. 

1863, 
Jan. 
Feb. 
June 

Feb. 

Mar. 

May 

May 

April 
May 
l\Iay 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
'June 
June 
July 
July- 
July 

July 
July 

Oct. 

Nov. 



Coast of Texas 

Lat. 26°, long. 77°... 
Velasco, Texas 

New inlet 

Indian river 

Happaliannock river 



Jupiter inlet 

Carson's landing. 



Kowan's expedition 
liestlcss 

Pcowau's expedition 

Owasco 

Blockadi'g squadron 
Potomac flotilla 
Hanti.Tgo de Cuba 
Hunchback and 

Whitehead 
Whitehead 
Kevf-tone State and 

Jas. Adger 
Mt. Vernon, Penob- 

Bcot, Mystic, and 

Victoria 
Pvestless and Flag 
Adirondack 
Hatteraa 
Biei.ville 

Flag and Pestless. 
Crocker's expedition 
Arthur 
Octortira 
Kittatinny 
Mt. Vernon and 

Cambridge 
Sagamore 
Anacostia 

Hope 

Cceur de Lion 

Sagamore 

Conestoga & Duch- 



Coast of S. Carolina 
bay, 



St. Andrew' 

Fla 

Mobile 



16:At Fea , 

2i;Urbana, Va 

31 Lat. 2.5°, long. 83°., 
18 Lat. 25°, long. 77°., 



29 Warsaw sound, Ga 
14 Lat. 23°, l<mg. 83°, 

19 Mosquito inlet 

3 Cedar keys , 

2 Commerce 



24. Lat. 33°, long. 76°., 

— Red river 

13 Galveston 

'Lock wood's Folly in- 

I let 

9! 



Chocura and Mara- 
anza. 

Pi.oebuck 

Pembina 
R. 11. Cuyler 
Courier 
Currituck, &c. 
Sunflower 
Octorara 

Yazoo expedition 
Cimarron 
Juniata 

Para i 

Fort Henry ^ 

Covington' 
Arago, army trans- 
port. 
Red River oxpeditn' 
Katahdin 



Niphoa 



328 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class, 



Steamer... 
Steamer. . . 

Schooner,. 

British sch, 
British sch. 

Schooner., 
British sch. 
Steamer,.. 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 

Steamer — 



Schooner. 

Brig 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Schooner. 

Brig 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Scliooner, 

Ship 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Sloop 



Steamer., 
Steamer. 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 
Schooner 
Steamer., 
Schooner 
Schooner 
Steamer., 

Bark 

Schooner 
Schooner 
Sloop.... 
Sloop...., 



Name. 



Ella 

Eureka. 

Ella,... 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



"Where captured. 



Edward... 
Exchange. 



Ellen 

Eliza , 

Emily , 

Experiment. 

Emma , 



Elsie 

Emily 

Emma Henry.. 

Ella 



Elvira 

Eco 

Emma No. 2,.. 
Egypt Mills.... 



F. "W. Johnson, 
Forest King... 

Fanny , 

Falcon , 

Favorite , 

Finland , 

Falcon , 

Fannv Lee...., 

Fairnind , 

Fashion , 



Florida. 

Forrest. 
Fanny. . 

Florida. 



Fairplay 

Floyd 

F. J. Capron . . 

Falcon 

Florida 

Farren 

Flash 

Fashion 

Fannie Laurie. 

Fanny 

Frances 

Flying Cloud.. 
Flying Fish. . . . 



1863 
iNoY, 10 Off Fort Fisher, 

Nov. 22 At Sea 

Tvr^TT OR Masonhoro' inlet, N, 
^^^' ^''j Carolina 

Dec. 24' Near Suwanee river, 

„ Coast of Texas 

1864. I 

Jan, 16 Off Mobile 

Jan, 19 Jupiter inlet, Fia. . . 
Feb. 10 ]\I asonboro' inlet , . . . 
May 3; Coa.st of Texas 

June 9 Near Charlotte har. 



Sept. 4 

Oct. 19 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 3 

1865. 

Feb. 25 

Feb. 19 

Mar, 20 



At sea 

Off San Luis Pass.,, 
Lat. 33°N., long, 77' 



W. 



Off Wibnington, N, 
Carolina 



1861. 
June 1 
June 13 
June 23 
Julv 5 
July 16 
Aug. 26 



Nov, 6 
Aug. 29 
Nov. 29 

Dea 11 

1862. 

Feb. — 



Mar. 10 

Mar. 12 

April 2 

April 29 
April — 
April 6 



May 

May 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Dec, 



Bull "War sound 

Off Galveston, Tex. 

Rodney, Miss 

Roanoke river, N, C. 



Chesapeake bay 

Key West 

Mississippi sound.. 

Galveston 

Eastern Shore, Md. 
Apalachicola bay. , , 



By what vessel. 



St. Simon's island. 



Tumbalin light 
house 



Roanoke island. 



Lat. 27° N., long, 84° 
W 

Georgetown, S. C... 

Apalachicola 



Potomac river. 
St, Andrew's.. 



Charlt'ston . 



4 South Edisto 

22{St. Simon's 

23.Coa^t of Florida, 

29 

30l 



Howquah 
Aroostook 

James Adger 

Fox, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Antoiia 

Gerti'ude 

Roebuck 

Florida 

Virginia 

Rosalie, tender to 

Gem of the Sea 
Keystone State, 

Quaker City 
Mobile 

Cherokee 
Emma 



Chenango 
Gertrude 

Naval expedition 

Union 
Mississippi 
Massachusetts 
South Carolina 
Potomac flotilla 
R. 11. Cuyler 

St. Lawrence 
Quaker City 
Ethan Allen 

South Carolina 
Rowan's expedition 



J. L. Davis 

Gem of the Sea 
Mercedita and Sag 

more 
Potomac flotilla 

Pursuit 
Ethan Allen 
Restless 
Hatteras 
Shepherd Knapp 
Keystone State 
Sagamore 
Magnolia. 



FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



329 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vessel. 


Schooner... 


Five Brothers... 

Florida 

Florence Night- 
ingale 


1863. 
Mar. 16 
Jan. 11 
Jan. 13 

Mav 23 


Lat.27° N., long. 77° 
W 


Octorara 








Schooner... 


Eat. 25° N., long. 77° 
w 


Tioga and Octorara 


Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 


Apalachicola 

Potomac river 

Crystal river, Fla... 

St. Mark's light.... 

Lat. 23° N.Jong. 83° 

W 


Port Royal 
Primrose 
Sagamore and Two 


Flying Cloud... 
Frolic 


June 2 

June 25 

June 3 

June 13 

Aug. 12 
Oct. 7 
Sept. 12 
Oct. 2 
Oct. 10? 
Oct. - 
Doc. 1 

1864. 
Jan. 11 
Feb. 10 
Mar. 20 
April 19 
May 3 
May 30 

Aug. 5 

Oct. - 
Oct. 22 
Nov. 27 


Boat 


Florida 


Sisters 
Stars and Stripes 

Juniata 


Schooner... 


Fashion 

Flying Scud.... 
Fulton 


Schooner... 


Near Matamoras.. . . 


Princess Royal 


Steamer 


Fanny 


Near Pascagoula.. . . 
Near Matngorda. . . . 

Off Rio Brazos 

At sea 


Genesee 


Schocmer... 
Schooner... 


Friendship 

Friendship 

F. U. Johnson.. 

Fly 

Fannv & Jenny. 
Florida 


Tennessee 


Schooner... 

English sch. 

Steamer 

Sloop 

English sch. 
Schooner • . . 
Sloop 

Rebel steam. 

Rebel arm'd 


Off Alexandria, Va. 

Jiipiter inlet, Fla... 

Oft- Kew inlet 

At sen 


A. Hugel 

Honeveuckle 

Florida 

Honeysuckle 


Off Velasco 


Fred, the Second 
Fortunate 

Fort Gaines 


Off' Brazos river 

Near Indian river.. 

Mobile Bay 

Bahia, Brazil 

Off Charleston, S. C. 
Lat. 23° K,, long. 97^ 


Chocura 
Bermuda 

W. Gulf blockading 
squadron 


steamer . . 






Schooner... 


Flash 


Princess Royal 


Schooner... 

Sloop 

Rebel 
Iron-clad. 


Fannie McRae. . 
Florida 


1865. 
Jan. 23 
April 11 

April - 


OffSt. Mark's, Fla.. 
Crystal river, Fla.. 

Richmond, Va 

Roanoke river, N.C. 

Hampton roads 

Cape Henry 


Fox 
Sea Bird 


Fredericksburg . 


Naval expedition 

Cumberland 
Quaker City 
Niagara 


Schooner... 

Bark 

Ship 

Schooner . . . 


George M.Smith 
General Green.. 
General Parkhill 
General Knox.. 
George G. Baker 

Georgian a 

George B. Sloat. 
Gipsev ... . 


1861. 
April 24 
June 4 
May 12 
June 25 
July 6 
June 25 
June 5 
June 24 
Aug. 29 
Dec. 28 
Dec. 30 

1862. 
Mar. 29 
Mar. 17 
April 19 

April 26 




Schooner. . 


Galveston....... .. 


Soul h Carolina 


Schooner. . . 






Schooner . . . 
Steamer 


St. Mark's, Fla 

Potomac river 

Rappahannock river 


Mohawk 


Schooner . . . 


Good Egg 

Gypscy 

Garonne 

Grace E. Baker. 
G. H. Smoot.... 


Daylight 








Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 


Coast of Cuba 

Potecay creek, N. C. 


R. R. Cuyler 
Hunchback, &C. 


Ship 


Gondar 


Capture of Fort 


Gemsbok 


Bark 


Glenn 







VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Sloop..... 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Bark 

Steamer. . 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Steamer., 
Steamer. , 
Steamer., 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Schooner, 

Steamer., 

Sloop...... 

Steamer.. 
Steamer. . 
Brig , 



Gen.C. C. Pink- 
ney 

Got. A. Moulton 
General Lovell. 
Gen.Beanreprard 
General Price.. 
General Bragg.. 
G. L. Brocken- 

borough 

Grapeshot 

G. W. Green 

Gov. Morton. . . . 



When 



cap- 
tured. 



1862 
May 6 

May 12 
June C 



Oct. 15 

Nov. 6 
Nov. 16 



1863. 
Jan. 6 



Jan. 11 

Jan. — 

•Tan. — 
Jan. 11 



Where captured. 



At sea 

Berwiek's bay 
Memphis 



.... J, ....... 

Apalachicola river. 
Chesapeake hay. . . . 

St. John's river.... 

Cape Florida , 



Xew Orleans 



Goodluck. 
Galena... 
George W. Grice 

George Alban...' 

Gov. Mouton.. 
Georgia. 

G enei-al Taylor. Feb. 20 Chesapeake bay. . . . 

Glide Feb. 23 Tybee creek 

Granite City... Mar. 22 At sea 

Georgiana Mar. 19 Charleston 

Gertrude April 16 Eleuthera 

Gipsey Mar. 20 St. Joseph's bay. . . . 

Golden Liner... April 27 Mon-ell's inlet, S. C. 
General Prim... April 24 Gulf of Mexico 



By -what ' 



June _,I'a^35°N., long. 73° 



Schooner. 
Bark 



Golden Age May 24] 

Glen 

George i July 29 Calocsebatchee river 

General WorthlAng. - % '.f.f;.' ^'.^f. '?° 
Gold Leaf. 'Aug. 23 .....'."!!!.'!!.*.".'.!.'.'! 

^Srd"! .^.!!?.'"!"P^^- ^'^'^^ Wilmington. . . . 

Grey Jacket. .* ! .' iDec. 31 Off Mobile 

I 1864. I 

Feb . 4 Jupiter inlet 

Mar. 12 Lake George 

April 18 At sea 

lo'Atsea 

28 Chashcowitzka river 



G. Garibaldi... 
Gen. Sumter.. 



Good Hope 

Greyhound 

Gen. Finnegan. 

Georgiana Mc- 
Caw 

Georgia 

Geziena Hilli- 
gouda 



Schooner., 



May 
May 

June 

Aug. 

Dec. 

1865. 

Gen. Burkhart.'Mar. 17 

! Geo. Douth waite Mav 8 

I 1861. 
IH. M. Johnson. May 31 



2!0ffWibn.,NCar. 

15i Coast- of Portugal.. 

A Off Brazos, St. lago, 

Texas 

Lat. 26°]Sr., long. 96° 
W 

Coast of Florida. . . . 

Near Cape Lookout. 



Ottawa 

Hatteras 
"Western flotilla 



Fort Henry 

Teazer 

T. A. "Ward 

Joint expedition 

Ariel 



Admiral Farragut'fl 
fleet 



Crusader and Ma- 
haska 

Marblehead and 
Passaic 

Tioga 

Wissahickon 

Vauderbilt 

Ethan Allen 

Monticello 

De Soto 

Yazoo Pass expedi- 
tion 

Cambria 

Gem of the Sea 

Sunflower 

Jacob Bell 



Kennebec 

Beauregard 
Daffodil and others 
Fox, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Connecticut 
Ariel, tender to San 

Jacinto 

Maratanza 

Niagara 

Pembina 



Quaker City 
Isonomia 



Perry 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



331 



Claee. 



Schooner.... 
Bark... 

Schooner.... 

Brig 

Schooner.... 

Brig 

Sloop 

Brigantine. . 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner... 
Bchoouer.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner — 
Boat 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Armed sloop 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Kehel armed 
steamer. . . 

Schooner.... 

Schooner. .. 

Schooner.. . 
Schooner — 

Sloof) 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Bteamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner. . 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner — 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Sloop.. . 
Steamer 



Name. 



When 
cap- 



1861 



May 20 
May 29 
June 10 



July 16 



Aug. 21 
Sept. 9 



April 24 



Haxall 

Hiawatha 

H. E. Spearing, 
nullio Jackson. 

Herbert 

Herald 

H.Day 

Hannah Balch.. 
H. Middleton... 
H. C. Brooks... 
Henry iN'ntt.... 
Harriet P. Ryan 

Harmony 

Harford jSept. 18 

Henry Lewis.., Nov. 22 

Havelock JDec. 15 

Henrietta iNov. 13 

1862. 
Harriet & SarahJMay 14 

Henry Travers.Mar. 8 

Havana 'June 5 

Hannah (Aug. 12 

Hermosa iOct. 30 

1863 
Hampton. . . 

Harriet 

Hettiwan. . . 
Home 



Ian. 13 
Jan. 22 
Jan. 21 



Hortenso 

Helen 

Hart 

Handv 



Harvest 

Hunter , 

Helena , 

Henry Wolcott, 
Hattie 



Harriet 

H. McGuin.. 

Havelock (?). 

Herald 

Hebe 

Herald 

Hancock.... 



Hope 

Hannah 

Henry Colt hurst 

Hattie 

Hard Times.... 

Hope 

Illopc 



Feb. 18 
Mar. 24 
April — 

April 22 

April 30 

May 17 
June 30 
June 22 
June 21 

June 18 

July IS 

June 10 

Sept. — 
Aug. 18 
Oct. 23 
Dec, 24 

1864. 
Feb. 4 
Mar. 11 
Feb. 20 
Mar. 14 
Mar. — 
July 10 
Oct. 22 



Where captured. 



Hampton roads. 



Mouth Miss, river, 
Savannah.... 



Coast N. Car... 
Potomac river. 
Charleston. ... 



Ilatteras inlet. 



Hattoras , 

Pope's creek, Md.., 

Mississippi sound. . , 

Cape Fear , 

Chincoteague , 



Newborn, N. Car. 
Bat. 28°N., long. 91' 

W , 

Dead Man's bay..., 

Corpus Christi , 

Sabine river , 



Dividing creek, Va, 
Chuckatuck creek . , 
Charleston 



Bat. 29°N., long. 84= 
W 



Berwick's bay , 

Lat. 26°]Sr., long. 76* 
W 

Bat. 28°N., long. 75' 
W 

Mobile 



Coast of N. Car. , 
Lat. 28°N., long. 

W 

Bay St. Bouis 

Charleston 



At sea 

Off New inlet, N. C. 
OH' Fryingpan shoals 
Tampa bay 



Jupiter inlet 

Off JVLosquito inlet. . 

San Buis Pass 

Near St. John's Fla. 

St. Mary's river 

S;i pclo sound 

Off Wilmington 



By what vesBel, 



Minnesota 

>> 
Brooklyn 
Union 

St. Bawrence 
Thomas Freeborn 
Wabash 
Vandalia 
Naval expedition 

(( 
Pawnee 
Gremsbok 
Resolute 
New Bondon and R. 

R. Cuyler 
Jamestown 
Louisiana 

Rowan's expedition 
Bohio 

Isilda 

Arthur 
Connecticut 

Currituck 

Commodore Morris 
Ottowa 



Somerset, &c. 
Naval expedition 
Estrella 

Octorara 

Juniata 

Kanawha, &a 
Ossipee 
Satellite 
Florida 

Tahoma 

Vinccnnes & Clifton 
Atlantic blockad'g 



uadron 
Tioga 

ISiphon and others 
Calypso 
Sunflower 

Beauregard 

Virginia. 

Daffodil and others 

Para 

Badona 

Bolus 



VESSELS CAPTUEED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 

oap- 

tured. 



"WTiere captured. 



By what vessel. 



Rebel st'r. . , 

Gunboat un 

finished . , 

Schooner..., 
Schooner..., 
Schooner..., 

Schooner.. • , 

Brig. , 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner... 
Brig 



Sloop. 



Hampton. 
Halifax... 



1864 



Pdchmond, Va 

Eoanoke river, N. C. 



Industry 

Iris , 

Island Belle.... 



Isabel or "W. R, 

King. 

Intended 

Ida 



Ida 

Inez 

Isabel 

Isabella Thomp- 
son 
Isabella 



English 8ch, 
Steamer.... 

Steamer..., 

Steamer.... 

Schooner. . , 
Schooner... 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Bark 



Indian. 
Isabel . . 



Ivanhoe. 
Ida 



Schooner... 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 



J. H. Etheridge. 
Jolin Hamilton. 
Jane Wright. . . . 

Julia 

Joseph H.Toone 

Judith 

Jorgen Lorent- 

zen 

Jane Campbell.. 

J. "W. "Wilder... 
Julia 

Joanna "Ward. . . 



1861 
May 15 
May 27 
Dec. 31 

1862, 

Feb. 1 

May 1 

July 12 

1863. 
Mar. 4 
April 18 
May 18 
June 19 

Mav 22 

1864. 
April 10 
May 28 



July 
July 

1861, 
Mav 
Jufy 
Aug. 



Hampton roads 

Bull's Island light. . 

Atchafalaya bay 

New inlet, N. Car. . • 
Lat. 26°N., long. 76° 



W. 



Charlotte harb'r Fla. 
Indian River inlet.. 

Mobile 

Lat. 41° N"., long. 

67° W 

Wacassassa bay 



At sea 

Off Galveston. 



Off Mobile.... 
Sajpelc sound. 



Hampton roads 



Oct. 

Sept. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

1862 
Jan. 
Jan, 
Feb. 



Potomac river 

Beaufort, N. Car. 
Barrataria bay. 



Naval expedition 

Minnesota 

Augusta 

Montgomery 

Jamestown 

Mercedita 

J. S. Chambers 
Gem of the Sea 
R. R. Cuyler 
United States 

Fort Henry 

Vicksburg 
Admiral 

Fleet off Mobile 
Sonoma 



Minnesota 
Daylight, &c. 
Thomas Freeborn 
Cambridge 
South Carolina 



Pensacola navy yard Boat expedition from 
Dat, 6° N., Long! Colorado 

37° "W iMorning Light 

Beaiifort, N. Car. . .State of Georgia 



20 Mobile bar,., 
24' New Orleans. 



R. R. Cuyler 
Mercedita, &c. 



J. J. McNeil..., 
Julia Worden., 



J. Cox. . . . 



I Julia, 
jjane. 



Jeff. Thompson, 

I Jeff. Davis 

I John 



Jan. 
Mar. 

Mar. 
May 
May 

June 
Mar. 
April 



H^.-olf ^- l«^S.,Harriet 



30° 
W. 

Corpus Christi 

Cape Roman pas- 
sage 

Mobile 



long. 



Schooner ... I J. J. Crittenden 



Schooner . 

Brig 

Schooner, 

Sloop 

Schooner. 



April 10 



Lat, 26° N., 

83° w ; 

Memphis 

14i Newbern 

8 1 Pasquotank river, 
N. Carolina 



James Norcon . . 

.losephine 

John Gilpin.,.. 
John Thompson 
J. C. Rozer 



Mar. 
July 



Sept. 
Dec. 



Newtogan creek, N. 

Carolina 

Little River, N. C. . . 
Ship Island, Miss, . . 
Mississippi sound. . . 



Wilmington, 



Arthur 

Restless 

Cayuga. 
Kittatiimy 

R. R. Cuyler. 

Western flotilla 
Vessels in sounds of 

North Carolina 
Commodore Perry, 

&c. 

Shawsheen, &c. 

Hatteras 

Ivatahdin 

Restless 

Cambridge 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



333 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sloop..... 
Sloop 

Steamer. . 
Sloop.. .. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 



Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Mexican sch 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 



Julia 

John C. Calhoun 
J. C. McCabe... 
John Williams.. 



J. D Clark... 
Joe Flanner.. 

Juniper 

Jane Adelie . . 
Justlna 



John "Walsh . . 
John Wesley. 



Julia . 



Schooner.. 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 



1863 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Mar. 

April 
April 
May; 
April 
April 

May- 
June 



James Battle. 
J, T. Davis... 
Juno 



Jenny. 



July 

Aug. 
Sept. 

Oct. 



Jupiter. 



Tane... 
Jenny. 



John Scott. 



John Douglass.. 

Josephine 

Juanita 

Julia A. Hodges 

Judson 

Jupiter 

Julia 

James Williams 

John 

James Sandy 
John A. Hazard 



Julia. 
Julia. 



Josephine . 
John Hale. 



Kate. 
Kate. 



Jupiter inlet 

Chuckatuck creek . . 

Tames river 

Lat. 26° N., long. 

76° W 

Tied river 

Mobile 



Gulf of Mexico 

Lat. 28° N., long. 
78° W 



Kate . 
ICate. 
liiate. 
Kate. 



Sept. 13 

Oct. — 
Oct. 6 

1864. 
Jan. 7 

Feb. 29 
Mar . 24 
April 11 
April 6 
April 30 
June 2" 

July 12 

Sept. 11 

Oct. --^ 
Nov. 

Dec. 5 
Dec. 23 

1865, 
Jan. 14 

Feb. 3 

1862. 
April 2 
Dec. 27 

1863. 
Feb. 25 
May 28 
June 23 
Aug. 1 



Where captured. 



long. 



Lat, 28° N 

83° W 

Lat. 25° N., Ion 

76° W 



Rio Grande 

Off Wilmington, N. 

Ofl"Ilio'Grande....i 



Off Rio Brazos. 
Coast of Texas. 



Off Mobile. 



OffVelasco, Texas.. 
Saversota sotmd.... 
Off San Luis Pass... 

Matagorda bay 

Off Mobile bar 

At sea 

Off Sapelo sound. . . . 

Off Galveston 

OffVelasco 

Off Alexandria, Va. 
Lat. 26° N., long. 

96° W 

Near Velasco, Texas 
Alligator creek, S. C. 

Off Brazos, St. lago, 

Texas 

Coast of Florida .... 



By what vessel. 



Wilmington 

St. Mark's river. 



Point Isabel light. . 

Indian river , 

New Inlet, N. C..., 



Sagamore 

Commodore Morris 
Zouavo 

Octorara 

Hartford 
Pembina 
Kanawha 
De Soto 

Tioga 

Yazoo Pass expedi- 
tion 
Circassian 

Tioga 

De Soto, &c. 
Cayuga 

Connecticut 

Virginia 



Cimarron & Nan- 
tucket 
Tennessee 
Virginia 

liennebec and otb- 

ers 
Penobscot 
Sunflower 
Virginia 
Estrella 
Conemaugh 
Proteus 
Nipsic 
Penobscot 
Augusta Dinsmore 
Adolph Hugel 

Fort Morgan 

Chocura 
Acacia 

Seminole 
Matthew Vassar 

Mount Vernon 
Roebuck 

Potomac flotilla 

Brooklyn 

Pursuit 

James Adger, &o. 



334 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 



cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Steamer.. 
Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Propeller. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner . 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Brig 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner . 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer. . 



Kate Dale. 
Kaskaskia. 



1863 
July 14 



Kate Dale. 



Laurie 

Lynchburg 

Louisa 

Leon 

Louisa , 

Louisa Agues. . . 
Lida 



Lizzie Weston . , 
Labuan , 



Lynnhaven. 



Lion 

Lizzie Taylor... 
Lydia and Mary. 

Lookout 

Liifayctte 

Liverpool 

Lewis White- 
more 

Lucy 0. Holmes. 

Lion 

LaCrioUa 

Little Rebel . . . . 
Louise 



Lucy 

Lilla 

L. Rebecca. 

Lizzie 

Lodona 

Lonely Bell. 

Louisa 



La Manche. 
Lavinia . . . . 



Lilly 

Levi Rowe. 



Landis 

Little Magruder, 
Lightning 

Laura Dudley., 

Ladies' Delight. 

Linnet 

Lady Walton... 

Lizzie 



Oct. 16 

186L 
May 4 
May 30i 
July 4 
July 25 
Aug. 11 
Sept. 9 
Dec. 1 

1862. 
Jan. 19 
Feb. 1 

Feb. 

Feb. 5 

Mar. 4 
Mar. 9j 
April — 
April 4 
April 10 

May 6 

May 27 
Mar. 28 
May 29 
June 6 1 
June 19' 

June 20 

July 3 
June 21 

Aug. 2 

Aug. 4 
Max. 21 

Aug. 23 



Aug. 27 

Aug. 31 

Nov. 30 

1S63. 

Jan. 19 

Jan. 8 
Mar. 15 

April 27 

May 14 

May 21 

June — 

July 15 



Tampa bay. 



TTampton roads 

Chesapeake bay..., 

Galveston 

Potomac river , 

Cape Fear river . . . , 
Beaufort, N. Car... 
Off St. Simonds 



Boca Chica 

Elizabeth City, N.C. 

Lat.26°N.,long. 93° 

W 

Newbcrn 

Cape Roman passage 
Potomac river 



Georgetown 



At sea 

Pantago creek,N. C 

Charleston 

Mt'mi)his 



Lat. 29° N., ions. 83' 
W 

Hole in the Wall..., 



Coast of Noith Caro- 
lina 

Ossabaw sound 

Powell's Point 

Charleston 



Lat. 38° N., long. 6£ 
W 

Lat. 27° N, long, li 
W 

At sea 

New inlet 



New Orleans, La... 
White House 



Lat. 27° N., long. 86' 
W 

Urbana, Va 

Lat. 26° N., long.84' 
W 

White river 

Lat. 27° N., long. 75' 
W 



R. R. Cuyler 
Mississippi squad- 
ron. 
Tahoma and Adela 

Cumberland 
Quaker City 
South Carolina 
Thomas Freeborn 
Penguin 
Cambridge 
Seminole 

Itasca 

Portsmouth 

Delaware 

Kingfisher 

Rowan's expedition 
Restless 
Potomac flotilla 
Pursuit. 
Keystone State 

Colorado 

Santiago de Cuba 
Delaware 
Bienville 
Western flotilla 
Albatros 

Beauregard 

Quaker City 
Eohio 

Penobscot 

Unadilla 
General Putnam 
Bienville and Pel 
bina 

Ino 

Santiago de Cuba 

W. G. Anderson 
Mount Vernon 

:\dmiral Farragut'j 

fleet. 
Mahaska, &c. 
Bienville 
McClellan 
Currituck, &c 
Union 

Naval boat exp'n 
Santiago de Cuba 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



335 



Class. 



ScTiooner... 

Steamer. 

Sloop.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer. . . . 
Steamer... 



Boat , 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner. . , 

Schooner . . . 

English sch 

)> • . . . 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 

Schooner . . , 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.. . . 
Sloop 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sc?iooner... 
Longboat... 
Schooner... 

Bark 

Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 

Schooner... 



Name. 



Lady Maria. 
Louisville.. 
Last Trial.. 



Lizzie Davis... 



Leviathan, 
Laura...., 



Lydia.. 
Louisa 



Linda. 



Lilly 

Lauretta 

Lilly 

Laura 

Last Resort. . . , 
Little Ada.... 

Lilian 

Lynx 

Lucy 

Louisa , 

Louisa, 

Lady Sterling. 
Louisa 



Lucy 

Little Elmere. 



Lone 

Louisa 

Lowood 

Lady Hui-ley. 



Lilly 

Louisa 

Lecompte. . . 
Lady Davis. 



Mary & Virginia 

Mary Willis 

Mary 

Mary Clinton... 

McCanfield 

Mary 

Monticello 

Morning Star... 

Mary Alice 

Macao 

Mary Wood.... 
Mary E. Pindar 

Mabel 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



1863 

July 6|Bay Port, Ela. 
E.cd River 



Oct. — 
Sept. 16 

Sept. 22 

1864 
Jan. 18 



Feb. 4 
Feb. 11 

Mar. 11 

Feb. 28 
Mar. 1 
April 17 
April 21 
June 30 
July 9 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 25 

Nov. 2 

Oct. 15 
Oct. 12 

Oct. 31 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 21 
Nov. 9 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 6 

1865. 

Jan. 6 

Feb. 18 

May 25 



Lat. 25° 58' N., long. 
85°11'W 



Off Southwest Pass . 
Ockockney river. . . 



Jupiter inlet 

Off Brazos River 



Off Mosquito inlet. . 

OffVelasco, Texas.. 

Off Indian River 

OffVelasco 



Jupiter inlet. 
At sea 



1861. 

May 4 

May 14 

May 15 

May 30 

July 4 

July 13 

July 20 



Off New inlet, N. C 
Lat. 32° 40' N., long. 

77° 48' W 

Oft' San Luis Pass... 
Near Aransas Pass. 

Off Wilmington.... 

Off Aransas Pass, 
Texas 

Off'Payport, Fla.... 

Mobjack bay, Va... 

Lat. 28^^ N., long. 95'=' 

W 

Ear of St. Bernard . . 
Near Velasco, Texas 
Off' Velasco, Texas. . 



By what vessel. 



Off Galveston, Texas 
Arkansas Pass, Texas 
Galveston, Texas... 
Charleston, S. C 

Hampton Roads.... 



Mouth of Mississippi 

Galveston 

North Carolina.... 
Rappahannock river 
Potomac river 



Aug. 3 
Sept. 5 
Sept. 9, 
Sept. 22 

Nov. A 5 



Mouth of Mississipi^i 
Hatteras inlet 



De Soto and others 
Red river expedit'n 
Beauregard 

San Jacinto 

Do Soto 

Stars and Stripes 

Beauregard 

Queen 

Beauregard and Nor- 
folk packet 
Penobscot 
Roebuck 
Owasco 

Roebuck 
Gettysburg 
Keystone State and 

)thers 
Niphon and others 

Santiago de Cuba 

Mobile 
Chocura 

Calypso, Eolus, Fort 
Jackson 

Chocura 

Sea Bird 
Stepping Stones 

Fort Morgan 

Chocura 



Metacomet 
Penobscot 
Cornubia 



Cumberland 
Minnesota 



Powhatan 
South Carolina 
Roanoke 
Daylight 
Freeborn 
Wabash 

Brooklyn & StLouia 
Pawnee 
- - - Gemsbok 

^w.^!°^.":.\°;!!'.!?lDaio 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 




Class. 



Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Pilot boat.. 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Ship 

Ship 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Schooner., 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Brig 

Brig 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Brig 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Major Barbour.. 

Mars 

Mary Lev.'is 

Margaret, alias 
"Wm. Heiuy.. 

Magnolia 

Mary Olivia 

Monterey 




Where captured. 



By what vesBcL 



28 j Racoon Toi 11 1, La...;De Soto 

5' Fernandina 'Keystone State 

25_\[antle river, Fla. .. Kingfisher & others 



Mersey — 

Maria April 

Magnet '• 

Mary Teresa. . . . iMay 

Magnolia jMay 

Monitor June 

Mary Stewart. . . June- 
Morning Star. . . June 

Modem Greece. .1 „ 

Memphis [july 

Mail lAiig. 

Mary Elizabeth. Aug. 
Monte Christo..|July 
Mary Ann 
Mustang. . 
Maria 



Feb. G,Isle au Briton. 



Feb. 
April 

April 

April 



Sciota 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Schooner., 



Mary Grey.. 
Mont Blanc. 



Feb. 
Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 
Dec. 



Metropolis. . 

Milan 

Music 

Mercury. . . . 
Matilda . . , . 

Margaret... 

More 

Mail 

Minna 



1863. 
Jan. 19 



Jan. 
Jan. 



Magicienne. 
Mary Jane. 
Minnie 



Mattie 

Maggie Fulton . 

Minnie 

Major E. Willis 
Martha Ajin. . . . 



Maria Bishop... 
Mignionette . . . . 

M.^ssissippian . . . 



19!Pass a I'Outre Brooklyn and others 

2 j Apalachicola Mercedita, &:c. 

— Potomac river 'Potomac river 

26i^ W.!!° f!:'.!!!"?:??/Santiago de Cuba 

SOjCharieston | „ 

— Fernandina Dunont'S expedition 

10: Charleston TJnudilla. 

1| Bei-n-ick bay Hatteras 

— ;Piankatank river. . . ' Anacosiia 

3 Santee river ; Gem of the Sea 

27 Frying Pan shoals.. Bienville 

Near Fort I^her...|%™bi^^J«' ^tars & 

At sea 'Magnolia 

Freeborn 

24| Wilmington Stars & Stripes, &c. 

10, Coast of Texas Arthur 

Kensington, &c. 

— Coast of Texas Arthur 

Kensington, &c. 

Essex 

T. A. "Ward 
Octorara 



12 Sabine Pass. 

3 Baton Eouge. 

19 

25 i Bahamas 



Feb. 1 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



New Orleans, La. . . . 



Chuckatuck creek. • . 

Charleston 

Matagorda bay 

Lat. 27° N., long. 83° 

W 

Mississippi river.... 



Shallot inlet 

Lat. 22° N., long. 28* 

W 

Wilmington 

Lat. 26* N., long. 82° 

W 

Lat. 23° N., long. 83° 

W 

Indian river inlet.. . 



Jan. 28 
Mar. 24 
April 6 

April 13 

April 8 

April 20 i Bull's bay 

April 19 '^1— T—^— 

April 24 

Mav 13- 

14 
May 17 
May 19 
June 1 
May 19 



Charleston 

Chesapeake bay. 
Urbana, Va 



At sea 

Piney Point 

Lawson's bay, Va. 
Gulf of Mexico. . . 



Admiral Farra gut's 
fleet 

Commodore Morris. 
Quaker City 
Henry Janes, «fcc. 

Tahoma, &c. 

Queen of the West 
Potomac flotilla 
^'ictoria 

Onward 

State of Georgia, &c. 

Huntsville. 

Annie 

Gem of the Sea 

Ladona 

Powhatan 

Western World, &c. 

Currituck, «fcc. 

Courier 

Sophronia 
Primrose, &c. 
De Soto 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



337 



UlasB. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


"Where captured. 


By what vessel. 


Steamer.... 


Mobile 


1863 


Yazoo City. 


Yazoo Pass exped'n 


Steamer.. . . 


Magnolia. ...... 






Schooner.... 


Mary Jane 


June 18 

July 24 
July 2 
Sept. 17 
Sept. 13 

Aug. 25 


Clearwater harbor.. 

Brazos Santiago 

New inlet, Nrc... 

Baltimore, Md 

Potomac river 

Lat. 28° 32' N., long. 
89°12' W 


Tahoma 


Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 


Merrimack 

Massachusetts.. 
Music 


Iroquois 
Yankee 
Adolph Hugel 
De Soto 


Montgomery. . . . 

MackCanfield.. 
May 


Schooner.. . . 
Schooner... . 


Rio Grande 


W. G. Anderson 
Cceur de Lion &c» 


'Rritish s1;mr 


Mail 


Oct. 15 
Oct. 20 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 4 
Dec. 9 
Nov. 27 

Dec. 16 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 9 

Nov. 14 

1864. 
Jan. 13 
Jan. 15 
Jan. 10 
Jan. 19 
Mar. 6 
Mar. 11 

Mar, 12 


At sea.. ....... .. 


Honduras & others 


British stmr 
Steamer.... 


Martha Jane.... 

Margaret and 
Jessie 


Near Cedar Keys.... 

Off Wilmington 

Off Rio Grande 

Off Mobile 


Anne, tender to Fort 

Henry 
Keystone State and 

others 


Schooner.... 


Matamoras 

Marshal J.Smith 
Maria Alberta. . 

Magnolia 

Mary Ann 

Minna ......... 


Owasco and Virginia 


Schooner.... 
Sloop 


Bay port, Florida. . . . 

Lat. 26° 15' N., long. 
82° "W 


Two Sisters, tender 

to San Jacinto 
Ariel, tender to San 


Schooner. . . 


Lat. 26° 22' N., long. 
97" w 


Antona 


Steamer.. . . 


Lat 23° 48' N., long. 
78° 3' W ".. 


Circassian 




Mary Campbell. 

Mayflower 

Minnie. .... 




Schooner. . . 

Steamer 

Schooner . . . 


Near Pensacola 

Sarasope Pass, Fla. . 

Mosquito inlet 

Jupiter inlet 


Bermuda 

Union 

Beauregard 

Roebuck 


Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
British ech.. 


Maria Louise... 
Mary 


Mary Ann 

M. P. Burton... 


Off Wilmington 

Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 
96° 5' W 


Grand'Gulf 
Aroostook 




Gulf of Mexico 




Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
British sch.. 


Mary Sorley.... 

Maudoliae 

Maria Alfred... 

Afinnio . T. • . r • • . 


April 4 

April 13 

j> 

May 9 
April, 29 


Off Galveston 

Atchafalayabay.... 

Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 

95° 5' "W 


Scioto" 
Nyanza 
Rachel Seaman 


Eng.steamer 


Lat. 34° N., long. 75° 
28' W 


Connecticut 






English sch. 


Lat. 25° 25' N., long. 
84° 30' W 


Honeysuckle 


M. O'Neill 

Matagorda 

Matagorda 

Mary Bowers. . . 

Medera. ........ 




Schooner. . . 

Steamer.... 
Steamer 

Schooner.... 

fVhooTifir. . 


May 5 

July 8 
Sept. 10 

Oct. 29 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 8 
Dec. 19 

1865. 
Jan. 3 


Off "Washington, N. 

Carolina. 
Off coast of Texas.. 
Lat. 22° 50' N., long. 

85° 47' W. 
Off Charleston, S.C. 

Pascagoular bar. .... 

Lat. 32° N., long. 78° 

Off Pass Cabello, Tex 
Gulf of Mexico 

Off Velasco, Texas.. 


Valley City 

Kanawha and others 
Magnolia 

S. Atlantic Block. 

Squadron 
J. P. Jackson and . 




Mary 


Stockdale 
Mackinaw 


Sloop 

Schooner . . . 


Mary Ann 

Morris. ......... 


Itasca 
Pocahontas 


Schooner.... 


Mary Ellen. .... 


Kanawha 



338 



VESSELS CAPTUEED AND DESTROYED 



ClasB. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



"Wliere captured. 



By what vesseL 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 



Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Iron-clad 
(rebel) 
Steamer.. 



Matilda, 

Mary Agnes.... 

Matilde 

Malta 



Mary. . . . 
Mortcan. . 
Mab..... 
Missouri. 



1865 
Feb. 11 
Feb. 18 

Feb. 11 

Mar. 3 

Mar. 16 



Off Pass CabcUo, Tex 
Aransas Pass, Texas 

Near Pass Cabello, 

Texas. 
Bayou Vermillion, 

Louisiana. 
Indian river, Fla... 



Ship. 
Brig. 



Mary T. Cotton. 

North Carolina. 
Nahum Stetson. 



Schooner., 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 



Napoleon. . . 
New Island. 
Newcastle... 



Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Brig 

Schooner.. 



Schooner.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Sloop 



New Eagle 

Nassau 

Napier 

Nathan'l Taylor 



Nellie 

Nonsuch 

Neustra Sonora 

de Eegla. 
Naniope 



June 



1861. 
May 14 
June 19 

1862. 
Mar. 14 
April 2 
May 11 

May 15 
May 28 
July 29 
April 8 

Sept. 23 
Dec. 1 



Charleston, S. C. 
Red river 



Hampton roads. . 
Mouth of Misciissippi 
river. 



Newbern 

Ajialachicola 

Lat. 23° N., long, 83° 
W. 

Coast of Cuba 

"Wilmington 



Pasquotank river, N. 

Carolina. 
Ossabaw Sound, Ga. 

Bahama Banks 

Port Royal 



Penobscot 



GUde 
Pursuit 



Minnesota 
Brooklyn, < 



Rowan's expedition 
Mercedita, &a 
Bainbridge 

Sea Foam 

State of Georgia, «fec. 
Mount Vernon, &c. 
Commodore Perry, 

&c. 
Alabama 
Tioga 
General 

&,c. 
Diana 



Sherman, 



Schooner., 
Schooner., 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner., 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Nashville.. 
Nicolai 1st. 
Neptune... 



Nellie 

New Year. 
Nymph.... 
Natchez... 
Nanjemoy. 

Nita 

Neptune. . . 



Fort McAllister 

Cape Fear river... 
Charleston. 



Port Royal 

Tortugas 

Coast of Texas 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 



Steamer.. 

Irou-elad 

(rebel).. 



Nutfield 

Nan-Nan. . . . 

Nina , 

Neptune 

Night Hawk. 
Neptune 



Cone river 

Gulf of Mexico 

Lat. 25° N„ long. 85^ 
"W. 



Montauk 

Victoria, &c. 

S. Atlantic Block. 

Squadron 
South Carolina 
Sagamore 
Rachel Seaman 
Yazoo Pass exped'n. 
Yankee 
DeSoto 
Lackawanna 



Nansemond. . 
Nashville. . . . 



Baxk 

Schooner.. 



Octavia 

Olive Branch. . 



1863. 
Feb. 28 
Mar. 21 
April 19 

Mar. 29 
Aprn 26 
April 22 
May —I 
July 15 
Aug. 17 
June 14 

1864. 

eb. 4 

eb. 24 
Feb. 27 
May 6 
Sept. 29 
Nov. 19 

1865. 

April — 

May 10 

1861. 

May 16 Hampton road-s Star 

June 23 Mississippi sound... I Massachusetts 



Sassacus 

Nita 

Roebuck 



New river inlet. 
Suwannee river. 
Indian river.... 

Tampa bay Sunflower 

Niphon 

Off Brazos de Santi- Princess Royal 
ago, Texas. 



Richmond, Va. 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



339 



Class. 



Scliooner. . , 

Pungy 

Schooner..., 
Sloop 



Schooner..., 
Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Bchooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 

Barkantine, 

Schooner... 

Schooner.., 
Steamer.... 

British sch., 



Ocean Eagle . . . , 
Odd Fellow 



Oliver S. Breeze 

Oconee 

Ocean Bird 



Sloop 

Eng. schn'r, 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Ship 

Bark 

Schooner.., 
Schooner... 
Schooner. ., 
Schooner.., 

Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 

Sloop , 

Schooner. . , 
Steamer..., 

Sloop , 

Steamer. . . , 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner. . , 



Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Boat...... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 
(Steamer... 
Sloop, 



Name. 



Ocean "Wave... 
Ocean Wave..., 

Olive 

Osceola , 



Olive Branch... 

Ocilla 

O. K 

Old North State. 

Octavia 

Orion 



Ouachita. . 
Orion 



Oscar. 



O.K 

Oramoneta. 



Oregon. 



Pioneer 

Perthshire 

Pilgxim 

Petrel 

Prince Leopold. 
Prince Alfred... 
Prince of Wales, 



P. A. Sanders 

Palma 

Pioneer 

President.... 
P. 0. Wallis. 

Poody 

Patras 

Providence.. 
Princeton.... 
Planter 

Post Boy.... 

Pathfinder... 

Pointer 

Prize 



Potter 

Pride. 

Pearl 

Princess Royal 

Peterhoif 

Petee 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



Hatteras inlet.... 
Potomac river.... 
Mississippi sound. 



Coast of Florida... 
Cedar Keys 



JSTewbern 

Appalachicola 

Lat. 22° ]Sr., long. 87' 

W. 
Coast of Carolina. . . 



New Orleans. 



1861 
Sept. 9 
July 18 
Nov. 22 
Dec. 9 

1862, 
Jan. 21 
Jan. 10 
Feb. — 
Mar. 14 
April 2 
July 24 

Oct. 14 
Dec. — 

1863. 
Jan. 19 

April 15 

May 16 
Aug. — 
Oct. 23 

1864. 
May 1 

AprH 27 
April 18 

Aug. 24 
1861. 

May 25 
June 9 
June 7 
July 28 
Aug. 22 
Sept. 28 
Dec. 24 

1862. 
Mar. 14 

Feb. 20 
Mar. 16 
April 4 
May 17 
May 20 
May 29 
June — 
May 7 

Mar. 14 

Nov. 2 

Oct. 3l! 

Dec. 20 

1863. 

June 3 1 Potomac river 

June 21 Frying Pan shoals. 

June 20! 

June 29jCharleston 

Feb. 25jSt. Thumas 

Mar. lol 



By what vessel. 



Little Piver inlet, N. 
Carolina. 

Anclote Key 

Near Savannah 

Off St. Aug-ustine in- 
let. 

Lat. 26° 5' N., long. 

83° 20' W. 
Coast of Florida.... 
Off St. Augustine, 

Florida. 
Biloxi bay 



Hampton roads 

Gulf of Mexico 

Pass a I'Outre 

Charleston 

New York , 

Hatteras inlet , 

Georgetown , 



Newborn. 



Pawnee 

Resolute 
New London, 



Kingfisher, «Skc. 
Hatteras 
Santiago de Cuba 
Rowan's expedition 
Mcrcedita 
Quaker City 

Memphis 
Calhoun 

Admiral Farragut's 

fleet 
Monticello 

Two Sisters 

Norfolk packet 



Fox, tender to S. 

Jacinto 
Union 
Beauregard 

Narcissus 

Minnesota. 

Massachusetts. 

Brooklyn. 

St. Lawrence. 

( olloctor of the port 

Susquehanna 

Gem of the Sea 



Rio Grande 

Mississippi river. 
Pass Christiana. . 
Vermillion bay.. 
Charleston 



Tortugas banks.. 
Pamunkey river 



Rowan's expedition 

Portsmouth 
Owasco 
Hatteras, &c. 
Hatteras 
Bienville 

Susquehanna 

Currituck 

Vessels in sounds of 

N. Carolina 
Penobscot 
Reliance 
Octorara 

Currituck 
Cbocura 
Tioga 

TJnadilla, &c. 
Vanderbilt 
Gem of the Sea 



340 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 



cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 



Pacifique . . . . 
Pushmataha. 



Steamer. ... I Planter. . . 

I 
Steamer. . . . Powerful . 

I 
Steamer .... Phantom . 



1863 
Mar. 27 
June 13 

June 15 



St. Mark's 

Tortugas 

Lat. 27° N., long. 86° 
W 



Deo. 20 Suwannee river..., 



Steamer — 
Steamer. . . , 



Presto. 
Pet.... 



Sloop.... 
Steamer. 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 

Small boat.. 

Steamer 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Rebel steam. 



Persis 

Pevensey... 
I Pocahontas. 



Prince Albert 

Pancha Larispa. 

Peep O'Day. 

Petrel 

Pickwick .... 



Sept. 23 

1864. 
Feb. 2 

Feb. 16 

Mar. 12 
June 9 
July 8 

Oct. 29 
Oct. 27 



Near Pdch inlet, N, 
Carolina 



Sul livan's island. . . . 

Off Lockwood's Fol- 
ly inlet 

Off "Wasnaw sound, 
Ga : 



Bam , 



Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner... 
Armed rebel 
schooner. . 



Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Steamer. . 

Schfloner. 

Schooner, 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Sloop 



Pet 

Phantom 

Philadelphia... 
Patrick Henry 

Qu'noftheWest 



Tling Dove.... 
Kichard Lacey. 
Remittance..!. 

Revere 

Reindeer 

Royal Yacht... 



Rattler 



Dec. 15 
Dec. 6 

1865. 
Feb. 7 
Mar. 3 
Jan. — 
April — 

1863. 
April — 

18G1. 
July 16 



OS Charleston, S. C. 

OffYeiasco, Texas.. 
Near Indian river, 

Fla 

New inlet, N. C 

Coast of Florida 



Galveston bay.... 
Suwannee river... 
Sounds of N. Car. 
Richmond, Va.... 



Red river. Ark. 



Aug. 28 
Sept. 10 



lEastern Shore, Md. 

I Potomac river 

1.... „ 

Beaufort, N. C... 



Nov. 



Galveston. 



Reindeer .. 
R. C. Files 
Rebecca... 
Puowena... 
Rich'd O. Bryan J 
Resolution 
Reindeer.. 
Reliance. . . 



1862. 

Jan. 10 Cedar Keys 
April 2iAppalachicola 
April 20 -^ 



Rambler 

Rising Sun 

Revere 

Robert Bruce . , 

Reindeer , 

Racer 



Rising Dawn,., 
Richards 



May 29 
June 6 
une 4 
April 4 
July 9 
July 21 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 5 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 22 

Sept. 17 

Oct. 30 

1863. 

Jan. 10 

Feb. 1 



Potomac river. . 

Mobile 

Charleston 

Stono inlet 

Coast of Texas.. 
Pass Christian.. 
Coast of Texas. . 



Lat. 28< 
W... 



N., long. 94° 



Cape Fear river 

Shallot inlet, N. C. 

NewinietVN.'c!!!!! 



Bocos Grande 



Stars and Stripes 
(Sunflower 

Lackawanna 

Fox, tender to S. Ja- 
cinto 

Connecticut 



Lehigh and others 
Montgomery 

Massachusetts and 
others 

Xewbem 

Azalia and Sweet 
Brier 

S. Atlantic Blockad- 
ing squadron 

Sciota 

Pursuit 

Sunflower 

Boat expedition 
Honeysuckle 



Estrella, &c. 

Potomac flotilla 
Thomas Freeborn 
Yankee 
Cambridge 
Dart 

Expedition from 
Santee 

Hatteras 
Mercedita, &c. 
Potomac flotilla 
Kanawha 
Bienville 

Pawnee and others 
Rhode Island 
Hatteras 
Arthur 
Hunts ville 

Connecticut 

Wyandank 

Monticello, &c. 

Penobscot 

W. G. Anderson 

Daylight 

Octorara 
Two Sisters 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



341 



Clasa. 



Schooner, 
Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 



Ram .... 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 
Schooner... 
Sloop ..,.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 

British sch. 
Mexican sch 



Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
British sch. . 

British st'r. 



Sloop. , 
Sloop , 



Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Iron-clad, 

rebel. 
Iron -el ad, 

rebel. 
Bi-ig 



Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Bark 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Schooner... 



Name. 



Rowena , 

Hose Hamilton 
Relanpago , 



When 
cap- 
tured. 

1863 



Fel). 
Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 



18 



Ranger Mar. 25 

Rising Dawn 

Royal Yacht.... April 15 

1-iipple May 18 

Kapid ,|April24 

R. J. liockland. May 24 

Republic ! 

Richard Vaux.. June 20 
Rebekah June 18 



Relempago.. 

Revenge .... 
Eenshaw.... 

Richard 

Robert Knowies 

R. E. Lee, for 

merly Giraiie. 

Ring Dove 

Raton del Nile . 



Rosita 

Roebuck. 



Ranger. 



Racer 

Rebel . . . 
Rosina . . 
Resolute. 



R. S. Hood. 



Rouen. 



Racer . . . 
Reliance. 



Ruby.... 
Rob Roy 



Richmond. 



Roanoke. 



R. H. Vei-milyea 



Soledad Cos. 
Sarah and ]Stary 
Star 



July 

July : 

July ■ 

Aug. ; 
Sept. : 
Nov. 

Dec. ] 
Dec. 

1864. 
Jan. ; 
Jan. 



14 



Where captured. 



Carson's landing. 
Charlotteharbor,Fla 
Lat. 26° N., long. 76 

W 

Crystal river 

New inlet 

Galveston 

Mobile 

GuK of Mexico . . . . , 



Yazoo City 

Potomac river 

Lat. 27° N., long. 83' 

W 

Lat. 25° N., long. 82 

W 

Calcasieu 

Washington, N. C. 
Charlotte harbor. . . 



By what vessel. 



New Era 
Conestoga, &c. 
J. S. Chambers 

Octorara 

Fort Henry. &c. 

Mount Vernon, &c. 

W. G. Anderson 

Kanawha 

De Soto 

Yazoo Pass exped'n. 

»♦ 
Primrose 

J. S. Chambers 



Jan. 11 



Jan. 

Feb. 



Oft' "Wilmington. 



Jasmine 

Owasco 
.! Louisiana 
. Gem of the Sea 
. Coeur de Leon 
.James Adger 



Off Indian river, Fl a Roebuck 
East of Padre island, JNew London 
Texas . 



Gulf Western Metropolis 

Lat. 26° 23' N.; long. San Jacinto 

88° 59' W. 
Near Lockwood'sj Minnesota and oth* 

Folly inlet. ers 

Off Cape Canaveral. [Beauregard 
Indian river | Roebuck 



April 13 San Luis Pass Virginia 

May 12|Cape Ca,naveral.. . .iBeauregard 
June 2 Off Georgetown .... ! Warasutta 
June 



Savannah 

Sallie M agee 

Sally Moars 



July 2 

Aug. 2 
Nov. 9 

1865. 
Feb. 27 
Mar. 2 

April — 

April — 

Mar. 12 

1861. 

Sept. 11 

May 1 

May 17 

June 3 



long. 



Lnt. 23° 2' N. 

77° W. 
Lat. 32° 50' N. ; long. 

75° 40' W. 

Off Bull's Bay 

Mobjack bay, Va. . . 



At sea 

Steinhutchie 

Fla. 
Richmond, Va 



river, 



Lat. 27° N., long. ! 
W. 



Galveston 

Hampton roads. 



Charleston 

June 26! Hampton roads.. 
July li.... „ 



Proteus 

Keystone state 

Hope 
Stepping Stones 

Proteus 
Fox 



Quaker City 



South Carolina 

Cumberland 

Miimesota 

Perry 

Quaker City 

Minnesota 



342 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Bark 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner., 
Schooner., 

Steamer... 
Schooner.., 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 



Sam Houston. 

Shark 

Solferino 

Sarah Starr... 
Susan Jane... 

San Juan 

Specie 



Salvor 

Somerset 

S. T. Garrison 
Sarah & Carol'c 



Stephen Hart. . . 



Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner . 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer. . 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Bark 

Sloop..... 
Steamer.. 



Steamer.. 



Schooner.. 

Bark 

Schooner. 



Jan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Spitfire I Mar. 

~ ■ • " - Ma.T. 



Stag 

star 

."^ca Bird. 



When 
cap- 
ture il. 



1861 
July- 
July 
June 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Oct. 

Oct. 
June 



Where captured. 



Galveston 

4 „ 

26 Rattlesnake shoals. . 

3 Wilmington 

10, Hatteras inlet 

28|.... „ 

12|Lat. 3rN.,long.80° 

131 Tortugas 

8 Maryland 



By what veseeL 



29 



10 



Dec. 11 St. John's river, 

1862, 
Jan. 



South Carolina 

Vandalia, &c. 
Wabash 
Pawnee 
Susquehanna 
I Dale 

'Keystone State 

I Resolute 

Louisiana 

'BienvUle 



Sarah A. Fal- 
coner. 

Sarah Ann 

Sidney C. Jones 

Sea Foam 

Southern Inde- 
pendence. 

Sarah 

Stettin 



Dat. 24° N., long. 82° Supply 
W. I 

Cedar keys 

8|Bayon Lal'oiirche . . 
— Roanoke island.... 
— : AVest coast of Fla. . 
14 Newbern 



Hatteras 
De Soto 

Rowan's expedition 
Ethan Allen 
Rowan's expedition 



April — Potomac river Potomac flotilla 



Swan 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Sarah 

Sovereign 

Sumter 

Sereta 

Sarah 

Sarah 

Susan Ann How- 
ard. 

Scuppernong... 

Sabme 

S. C. Jones 

Southerner 

Sunbeam 

Swan ,. . . 

Scotia 

Sophia 

S. W. Green . . . 

Southern Mer- 
chant. 



St. Charles. 



Sallie Robinson. 
Silas Henry.... 

Stonewall 

Springbok 



Sue 

Surprise. 



April 

May 
May 



May 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
Mar. 



10! Off Mobile.. 

I 
1 BuU's bay.. 
24 Charleston. 



Lat. 23° N., long. 82* 
W. 

15 Coast of Cuba , 

5 Memphis 



June 

April 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Xov. 

Dec. 



14 Shallow inlet, N. C. 

20 Charleston 

3 Berwick bay 

14i Newberu 

9 Indian Town, N. C. 
19! 

11! 

22iCone river 

28'Xew inlet, N. C 

— I Coast of Texas 



Bull's bay 

Masonborough inlet 



1863. 
Jan. 19 New Orleans, La. . 



Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

Mar. 
Mar, 



20 Point Rosa, Florida, 
Lat. 25° N., long. 73' 

W. 
Little River inlet... 
13 1 Lat. 26° N., long. 83' 
I W. 



Kanawha 

Onward 
Bienville 

Bainbridge, &c. 

Sea Foam 
Western flotiUa 



Penobscot 

Keystone State, &c 

Hatteras 

Vessels in sounds of 

N. Carolina 
General Putnam 



Wyandank 

State of Georgia, &c, 

Ai-thur 

Restless 

Daylight, &c. 

T. A. Ward 

Diana 



Admiral Farragut's 



Tahoma 
Julia, &c. 
Sonoma 

Monticello 
Hunts ville 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



343 



ClaBS. 



Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer. . . . 
British bark 
British sch. 
Bark 



British sch. 
Ens:, scli'ner 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer. . . . 
Schooner... 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 



Name. 



St. John's 

St. Georp:e 

Samuel First. . . . 
Sarah Lavinia.. 
Sea Bird 



Sea Lion 

Secesh 

Scotland 

Star of the West 

Star 

Sea Drift 

Statesman 

Saralo. 

Southern Star.. 
Southern Eights 

Shot 

Sir William Peel 

St. Mai-y's 

Spauldiisg 



Scottish Chief.., 

Saxon 

Sallie 

Science , 



Silvanus 

Susan 

Swift 

St. Mary's 

Spunky 

Stingray 

Scotia , 



Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Steamer. . . . 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer. . . . 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 

Brig 

Rebel stm'r 
Kebel stm'r 

Schooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner.. . . 



Sophia... 

Sylphide 
Swallow. 
Spunky. . 
Siren.... 



Sarah Mary. 
Selma 



Sea Witch. 



Sybil 

Susanna. 
Sorts 



Stag 

Syren 

Salvador 

Sort 

Sar. M. Newhall 

Shrapnell 

Spray 



Theresa C... 
Tropic Wind. 
TrosFreres... 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



1861 
April 18|Cape Homain inlet. 



April 22 
May 

May 
May 



May 
May 
May 



Fort Fisher, N. C. 

Potomac river 

Gurritoman river. . . 
Lat. 29° N., long. 87' 
W. 

Mobile 

Charleston 



May 30 Brazos Santiago 

June 22 Matagorda island... 
June 6 1 Tampa, Florida. . . . 

May 28 j Great Wicomico 

Aug. 6 St. Martin's reef. . . 
Aug. 8 Gilbert's bar 



Aug. 
Oct*' 



Oct. 16 

Oct 30 

Dec. 20 

Nov. 5 

1864. 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 11 

Feb. 9 



Feb. 29 
Mar. 1 

Mar. 8 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 20 
April 7 
June 5 

June 26 
Aug. 5 

Dec. 31 

Nov. 21 
Nov. 27 
Dec. 10 

1865, 
Jan. 19 
Feb. 18 
Feb. 25 
Feb. 

April — 



Off Bio Grande 

Yazoo City 

Lat. 31° N., long. 
80» W. 

Tampa bay 

Coast of Africa 

Oif Wilmington 

Off Rio Grande 



1861 
May 4 
May 20 
June 23 



Doboy sound, Ga... 

Off Jupiter inlet. . . . 

Wassaw sound 

St. John's river 

Fort Caswell, N.C.. 

OffVelasco, Texas.. 

Lat. 32° 34' W., long. 
77° 18' W, 

Altamaha sound, Ga. 

Off Coast of Texas. 

Off Elbow Light.... 

Off Cape Canaveral. 

South of Cape Look- 
out. 

Mosquito inlet 

Mobile bay 



Lat. 27° 
W. 



By -what vessel. 



N., long. 93"^ 



Off Campeachy b'ks 
Anclote keys 

Cape Fear river. . . . 

Charleston, S. C 

At sea 

Cedar keys, Fla 

S. A. squadron 

Richmond, Va 



Stettin 

Mount Vernon, &c. 

Dragon 

Primrose 

De Soto 

Aroostook, «&c. 
Canandaigua 
Yazoo Pass exped'n 

Brooklyn 

Itasca. 

Tahoma 

Satellite 

Fort Henry 

Sagamore 

Seminole 

Mississippi squadr'n 
Union 

Tahoma and Adela 
Vanderbilt 
Connecticut 
Owasco <fc Virginia 

Hurtm 

Roebuck 

Patapsco 

Norwich and others 

Penobscot 
Connecticut 

Dan Smith ds others 

Virginia 

Tioga 

Beauregard 

Keystone State 

Norfolk packet 

W. Gulf blockading 

squadron 
Metacomet 

Iosco 

Metacomet 
O. H. Lee 

Malvern & others 
Gladiolus & others 
Marigold 
Honeysuckle 



Hampton roads . 



Cumberland 
Minnesota 
Mississippi sound. . . I Massachusetts 



844 



VESSELS CAPTDEED AND DESTKOYED 



Class. 



Schooner, . . 
Bchooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Ship 

Sloop 

Span. bark.. 
Schooner.... 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner.. . . 

Tug 

Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Schooner..., 
Schooner 

Schooner.., 



Steamer.... 



Schooner.... 
Schooner. . . . 



Schooner. • . 
Schooner... 



Steamer. . . . 
Steamer.... 
Span. bark.. 

British sloop 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Eng. sch'ner 

Rebel ram.. 



Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Eebel ram . . 

Steamer 

Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 



Name. 



Tom Hicks 

T. J. Chambers. 
Teaser 

T. J. Evans 

Thomas Watson 
T. W. Kiley.... 



Tercsita 

Theo. Stoney. . 
Tubal Cain . . . . 



July 5 
Sept. 1 
Oct. 15 
Nov. 6 

1862. 
Jan. 30 
Feb. 14 
July 24 



Telegraph 

Teaser 

Troy 

Thomas llcilly.. 

Two Sisters 

Theresa 



Trier 

Tobacco, 4 boxes 



Tennessee., 



Time.... 
Theresa. 



Tampico 

Tliree Urothers. 
T\u-penime, 11 
barrels. 

Tom Sutrg 

Three Brothers. 
Teresita 



1863 
Jan. 19 

Jan. 23 
Mar. 16 

Mar. 3 
Aug. 17 
July 24 

July 
Oct. 21 
Nov. — 

1804. 
Feb. 2. 
April 11 
May 15 

June 4 

July 10 

Aug. 

1865. 
Triumph Jan. 

Telemico 'Mar. 16 

Mar. — 

Mar. — 



Two Brother:^. . . 
Three Brothers. 
Tristr'm Shandy 

Thistle 



Terrapin. . . 
Tennessee. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 
July 9 



July 4 
Aug. 13 
Oct. — 
Sept. 21 
Sept. 4 

Oct. 28 



Where captured. 



Galveston. 



I'otomac river 

Chesapeake bay 

Charleston 

liappahanuock river 



Yucatan bank 

Bull's bay 

Lat. 31° N., long. 78° 
W. 



James river 

Sabine Pass 

Quantico Creek 

llio Grande 

Lat. 28*> N., long. 93° 
W. 



Mobjack bay 

New Orleans, La. 



By -what veeaeL 



i 



South Carolina 

^ »» 
Dana 

>> 
Eoanoke, &c. 
Cambridge 

Kingfisher 

llestless 

Octorara 



Maratanza 

Kensington 

Freeborn 

Albatross 

"W. G. Anderson 

Sagamore 
Crusader 

Admiral Farragut'fl 

fleet 
Cambridge 
H. Hudson 



New inlet 

Lat. 27° N., long. 83" 
W. 

Sabine Pass Cayuga, &c. 

Great Wicomico...- fcJalellite 
Cape Canaveral.... Sagamore 



Tensas Hver Mississippi squadr'n 

Potomac river i Currituck &. Fuchsia 

Near Eio Grand e...i Granite City 



Texas. 



Torpedo.., 
Transport . 



Union. 



Uncle Mose..., 
Union 



1861. 
June 5 

1862. 
July 7 
Aug. 25 



Off Indian river.... Roebuck 
Homasassa river. . . . 'Nita 
Lat. 34° 6' N., long. Kansas 

77° 27' W. 
Lat. 32° 38' N., long. Fort Jackson 

75° 55' W. 
Off Indian riv. inlet. 



Mobile bay. 



Perquimon's river, 

N, Carolina. 
Lat. 25° N. ; long. 96° 

W. 
Richmond, Va 



Richmond, Va.. 
Charleston, S. C. 



Coast of Yucatan . . . 
Lat. 23° N.; long. 85= 
W. 



Roebuck 

W. Gulf blockading 
squadron 

Wyalusing 

Quaker City 



Part of N. 
squadron 



Harriet Lane 



Tahoma 

J. S. Chambers 



A. B 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



345 



Class. 



Schooner. 
Schooner, 
Scbooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Union. 



Venus. . 

Velasco 
Venus.. 



Sloop 

Schooner. 



Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 



Steamer.. 



Brig 

British sch. 

Steamer. . . . 



Steamer. . . . 



Rebel iron- 
clad 

Schooner,... 
Schooner... 

Bark 

Yacht 

Schooner.. . 



Schooner. . 
Sloop 



Schooner. , 
Schooner. . 
Schooner, 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer. . 
Schooner. , 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner,. 



Victoria. 

Victoria. 
Venus . . . 
Volaiite. 
Victoria. 



Venture. 
Velocity. 

Virginia. 
Vesta. . . . 
Victoria. 
Victoria. 
Victory. . 

Venus... 



Volante . 
Volante. 



Vesta . . . 
Vixen... 
Virginia. 



, 18C3, 
JMay 19 

1861. 
July 4 
July 18 
Dec. 26 



Dec. 3 

1862. 
April 10 
May 15 
July 2 
July 12 

June 19 
Sept. 30 

1863 
Jan. 18 
Feb. 28 
May 28 
May 30 
June 21 

Oct. 21 

Nov. 5 

1864. 
Jan. 12 



Dec. 1 

1865. 
ilar. — 

1861. 
May 15 

May 25 
May 14 
Dec. 25 

1862. 
Jan. 10 



Where captured. 



Lat. 27° ]Sr. 



long, 85= 



Galveston 

Coast of N. Carolina 
Lat.28°N.;long. 93° 

W. 
Point Isabel 



By what vessel. 



"William & John 
William Henry. 

"Winifred 

Wanderer 

William H. Nor- 
throp. 



Wyfe or Nye. . . . 
William H. Mid. 
dleton. 

Wave Feb. 1 

Wandoo Feb. 14 

William Mallory May 5 

Wave April 19 

W. C. Bee April 23 

Winter Shrub. . . May 21 

Whlteman JMay 6 

Will 0' th e Wisp ! June 3 
Water Witch... iMay 5 

Wave jJune 27 

Wilson [July 9 

William July 1 



Mobile 

Lake Ponchartrain 
Georgetown, S. C. . 
Lat.26°N.: long. 76° 

W. 
Mobile bay 



Mugue's island 

Piney Point 

Havana 

Point Isabel 

Lat. 25° N.; long. 75' 

W. 
New inlet, N. C... 



Off Rio Grande 

Oli'Cape Canaveral. 



Between Tubb's riv 
er and Little inlet. 
N. Carolina. 

Lat. 32° N.; long. 78"= 
W. 



Richmond, Va. 



Hampton roads. 



Cape Henry. 
Key West... 
Cape Fear... 



Cedar keys. 



Boca Chico 

Bull's bay 

St. Andrew's bay.. 
Georgetown 



Huntsville 



South Carolina 

Vlbatross 
Rhode Island 

Santiago de Cuba 

Kanawha 

Calhoun 

Gem of the Sea, &c. 

Mercedita 



Morning Light 
Crocker's expedition 

Wachusett 
Wyandank 
Juniata 
Brooklyn 
Santiago de Cuba 

Nansemond 

Owasco &. Virginia 
Beauregard 



Rhode Island 



Keel's creek, N. G . . 
Lake Pontchartrain. 
Rio Grande 



Mississippi sound,. 

Hamilton, N. C 

Sabine lake, La. ... , 



Minnesota 

Quaker City 

Crusader 

Fernandina 



Hatteras 



Portsmouth 

Restless 

Water Witch 

G. W. Blunt 

Santiago de Cuba 

Hunchback, ifec. 

Calhoun. 

Montgomery 

Currituck, &c 

Bohio. 

Com'dore Perry, *o, 

De Soto 



346 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Schooner. . . . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner,... 
Sloop 



Schooner.., 
Steamer. . . . 

Steamer.... 
Scliooner.., 
Schooner..., 

Schooner.., 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

British sch, 
Steamer.... 



British sch. 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner..., 
Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner..., 



Steamer... 
Steamer... 



West Florida 
Water Witch... 

Wave 

Water Witch. . . 
Wm E. Chester 

Wm.TI.Harrison 
Wm. A. Ivnapp. 
White Cloud... 
Wave Queen. . . . 

AVanderer 

W.Y. Leitch... 



Wonder 

Wm. Bagley. 
Wave 



Tug..... 

Rebel priv'r 

schooner. 

British slo'p 
Steamer. 



Sloop. 



Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.... 



Sloop. 



1862. 



Sept. 27 
Nov. 4 
Aug. 24 
Nov. 20 

1863. 
Jan. 24 



William. 
Warrior. 



William. 



Wm. A. Kain... 
AYildPaiTell... 
Wm. Douglass.. 

Wild Pigeon 

Wando 



Watchful. 



Will o' the Wisp 
Winona 



Young America. 
York 



Young Racer.. 
Young Republic 

Yankee Doodle, 



Zeland , 
Zavala . 
Zulima , 
Zouave. 



Zion. 



Kensington, i 

Corpus Christi Arthur 

E. B.Hale 

Aiizoua Pass Corypheus 

Montgomery 



Feb. 25 
May 2 
April 20 

May 13 
July 18 
Aug. 22 

Oct. 28 
Aug. 16 

1864. 
Jan. 13 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 1") 

Mar. 21 

Oct. 21 

Sept, 27 

1865. 
Feb. 
Jan. 21 

1861. 
April 24 
Aug. — 

1864, 
Jan. 14 
May 

June 10 

1861. 
Nov, 21 
Oct. 



North Santee. 



Lat. 20° N.; long. 76' 

W. 
Port Royal, S. C... 



Lat, 26° N.; long. 96' 
W. 



Lat. 26° N.; long, 86° 
W. 

Off Suwannee river. 

St. Andrew's bay. , , 
Stump inlet, N, C. 

San Luis Pass 

Florida coast 

Lat. 33° 5' N. ; long. 

76° 40' W. 
Lat. 28° 46' N.; long, 

90° 53' W. 

Off Galveston, Texas 
Mississippi Squadr'n 

Hampton Roads. . . . 
Cape Hatteras 



Near Jupiter's inlet. 
Lat. 32° 10' N.; long. 
78°49' W. 

Entrance to Pearl 
river. Miss. 

Off Tampico bay 

Vermillion bay 



1864. 
Nov. 



New Era 

Conemaugb 
Sacramento 
Octorara 

Wabash, &c. 
De Soto, &c. 
Cayuga 

Mercedita 
Gertrude 



Two Sisters, tender 

to San Jacinto 
Restless 
Norwich, &c. 
Virginia 

Hendi ick Hudson 
Fort Jackson 

Arkansas 



Cumberland 
Union 



Roebuck 
Grand Gulf 



Elk 



Connecticut 
Himtsville 
New London 
Mississippi squadr'a 

Adolph Hugel 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



347 



MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES. 



Description. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


"Where captured. 


By what vessel. 




1861 
Dee. lllOff St. .Tohn'srivfir. T^la... 


Bienville 




May 28 
Oct. 5 








Chh^o.ntMP-MP inlp.t 




Scboonei" 


Oct 11 1 Oil an t.ico crfifik . .. .... 


Union 


Slonr .. . . 


Aug. 16 
Nov. 15 


Potomac river 


Yankee 




St. Lone bar ... ... . . 


Sam Houston. 










Dec. 15 

1862. 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 10 

Mar. 14 




Bienville 


Bark 
















Ilatteras 


Ijauncli - 






Fprrv •s.rciw . ...... 




" 




Roanoke, N. C 


Naval expedition 






Scbooner 


Feb. 10 
Jan. 22 
Feb. - 
Feb. 12 


Elizabeth City 


Commodore Perry 

Ariel. 


Schooner 




New gunboat 




Rowan's expedition 
Louisiana &c 


Edenton, N. C 










" 


" 


Schooner 


" 


Lieut. Jefffer's expedition 


Schooner ........... 










Isle au Pied 














Mar. 3 




" 


Schooner ••• 


Sullivan's island 

Rappahannock river 


S. Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron 




April — 








" 




Schooner. • 


" 


Hatteras 


Schooner. .......... 


April 12 
April 26 
May 8 


Coast of South Carolina. 
BulPs bav 


TTnroTi 








Light-house inlet 






Santiago de Cuba 
Tahoma 


Schooner 


April 24 
June 6 

Ma^: - 
June 17 
June — 

May — 
May 4 
July - 


Cedar kevs. ... . . 


Steamer ............ 


Memphis. .... 




Steamer. .. ........ 








" 






" 






Near Sabine river 

Table land of Mariel 


Santiago Cuba ' 


Bark 


Schooner, (supposed 

to be Monticello.) 

TjOti o" p^er ... 




"West Point, Virginia. . . . 


nnrTV^in Xrt^ 












1,200 bars railroad 

iron. 
Steamer 


St. Simon's sound, Ga. . . 
Newbem N C 


Naval expedition 


Steamei- 


iiar. 21 




Delaware 



348 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOYED 



Description. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



"WTiere captured. 



By what 



Sloop 

Schooutu- 

Sloop 

Sloop 

A wharf boat 

Schooner 

A n old launch 

Three boats 

One seven-oaredboat 
Metalic life-boat. .. . 

Two canoes 

Three boats 

One seine boat 

Schooner 

-Brig 

Schooner 

Bark 

Pilot schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Vessel on stocks.. . . 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Scows and boats 

Two sloops 

Schooner 

Plat-bottomed boat. 

Launch 

Two sloops 

Sloop 

Nine boats 

Fifteen boats 

Pive boats 

Sloop 

Eight boats 

Scow 

JLighter 

Boat 



Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 

July 10 
July 29 
Sept. 26 
Oct. 1 
Oct. 3-5 
Oct. 9 
Oct. 17 
Oct. 24 
Nov. 1 
Nov. 16 
Nov. 17 



Potomac river.. 
Sturgeon creek. 



Eunice 

New inlet, N. C. 
Quantico creek.. 



Potomac river. 



Masonborough inlet. 



Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 



Nov. 25 



Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Bark 

Bark 

Scow 

Sloop 

Ptcbel vessel, (bldg.) 
Pebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Pebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Bebei vessel, (bldg.) 

Canoe 

Sloop 

Four clinker-built 

boats. 
Two small boats. . . . 

Two canoes 

Nine canoes 

Thi-ee boats 



Dec. 20 



Dec. - 
Dec. 2i 
1863. 
Jan. 



Jan. 

Jan. 



Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 



Shallow inlet 

Masonborough inlet. 

Nassau river 

North river 



East river. 



New inlet.., 
Floro creek 
Bell river.. 

York river., 



Indian river, Pla. 
White House 



.... „ ............ 

Newport News, Va 

Capture of New Orleans. 



Dividing creek, Va. 
Chuckatuck creek.. 



Jan. 2( 

Jan. 2i 

Jan. 24 

25. 



Indian creek.. 
Tabb's creek.. 
Potomac river. 



Arthur 
Pittsburg 
State of Georgia- 
Eureka. 
T. A. Ward 

>> 
Jacob Bell 
Matthew VassM 
Freeborn 
T. A. Ward 
Cambridge 
Daylight 
Chocura 

E. B. Hale 

General Putnam, &c. 



Crusader 
Mt. Vemon, & 
Dan Smith 
Calhoun 
Sagamore 
Mahaska, &c. 



Diana 
Octorara 



Mahaska 



Minnesota, &c. 
Admiral Farragut's fleot 



Currituck 
Commodore Morris 



Currituck 
George Maugham 



FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



34:9 



Description. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



"WTiere capttired. 



By what vesseL 



Schooner. 
Vessel. . . . 



1863 

Jan. 21 Topsail inlet. 
Feb. 121 



Sloop , 

Two boats , 

Schooner , 

Canoe 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Brig , 

Sloop 

"Wharf boat 

Sloop. 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Six vessels, &c 

Steamer " 35th Par 
allel" 

Schooner , 

T-wo transports...., 

Monster ram 

Horses and "Wagons, 

Fishing scow 

Schooner 

Flat-boat 

Sloop boat 

Scow boat 

Skiff and flat , 

Barge 

Flat 

Sloop boat , 

Schooner 

Sloop , 

Sloop 

Canoe 

Flat-boat , 

Lot of Merchandise 
Dry-goods and shoes 
Four canoes 



20' 



Jan. 

Feb. 9 

Feb. 2 Topsail inlet... 

Mar. 13 

Mar. 2 Mosquito inlet. 



Daylight 
George Mangham 

Oommodore Morris 
Dan Smith 
Mt. Vernon 
CcBur de Leon 
Sagamore 



Mar. 24 Boat expedition 

April 19 Charleston , 



AprU 10 Sabine Pass "New London 

April 8 "Warrenton | Hartford 

AprU 24 "Wassaw sound, Ga ICimmaron 

May 2 Rich inJet iPerry. 

May 14 Drbana, Va i Cturituck, &c. 

May 20 Charleston ' 

May 1-8 Western World, &o. 

j Yazoo Pass expedition 



May 
May 

May 



4 schooners 

11 bbs. of turpentine 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner and launch 

Row-boat 

3 rolls bagging... 

Scow 

Scow 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Steamer 



May 

June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
May 
May 
July 
July 
July 
July 



July 17 
July 20- 

21. 
July 8-9 
July 24 
July 8 
July 9 

June 22 
July 14 



10 Moirell's inlet Conemaugh, &c. 

— i Yazoo Pass expedition 

20 Yazoo City Naval expedition 

Mississippi squadron 
30 Brooklyn 



June 24 
July 19 
July 8 
Sept, 28 
June 30 
Oct. - 

Oct.' 7 

Dec. 31 



Mantau river, Fla 

Withlacoochee river, Fla 



Withlacoochee river, Fla 

Crystal river, Fla 

Wacassassa bay 



White House 

Cumberland 

Charlotte harbor, Fla 

Rappahannock river 



Charles county, Md. 
Dividing creek, Va.. 



Coast of Texas . 



Coast of Texas 



Neuse river. 



Old Haven creek... 
Coast of Louisiana. 

Off Sabine Pass 

Matagorda bay 



Tahoma 
Fort Henry 



Shokokon 
Commodore Morris 
Restless 
Yankee, &c. 



Ccetir de Leon 
Currituck 



Sciota 
De Soto 
Sciota 



Boat expedition 
Annie 

Tahoma 
Fort Henry 
Restless 
Currituck 



Cayuga 



Granite City, &c. 



350 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Description. 



Sloop boat. 



Schooner 

Twelve oyster boats. 

Boat 

Sloop. 

Skitf 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Two canoes 

Schooner 

Twenty-two boats.. 
Twenty-six small 
boats. 

Large barge 

Seven boats (bldg.). 
Three boats 



Steamer 

Sail-boat 

Twenty-two boats. 

Nine boats 

Bosin 

Turpentine 

Sugar 

■Railroad iron 

Sugar 

Bacon 

Horses 

Wheat 

Tobacco 

Schooner 

Four scows 

Rifles— 9 

Eifles, &o 

Schooner 

Sloop boat 

Sloop 



Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Boat 

Steamer 

Cargo of eloop, name 

unknown. 
Rebel torpedo boat. 
3 rebel torpedo boats 

One lighter 

Iron, cables, anch'rs, 

&c. 

Flat-boat 

Machinery, &c 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1863 
Dec. 14 

1864. 
Jan. 1 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 13 



Mar. 11 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 23 
Mar. 28 
April 18 
May 15 



July 4 

Aug. 9 
Sept. 2 
Oct. 4 

Mar. 11 

Mar. 11 

Mar 16 

Mar. 21 

Ap'r'il 18 



July 28 
June 30 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 24 
Nov. 21 
Oct. 24 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 29 
Dec. 3 
Dec. 27 

1865. 
Jan. 27 
Feb. 4 
Feb. 27 



April 
April 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Indian river, Fla. 



Morrell's inlet, S. C. 
York river 



Lat. 24° N. ; long. SS" W. 

Caney creek, Texas 

Running from Va. to Md. 

Matagorda bay 

Up tlie Rappahannock.. . 
Tui-key creek 



Lat. 27° 41' N. ; long. 78' 
54' W. 

Off Charleston 

Potomac river 



Piankatank river. . . 
Up St. John's river. 



Up Rappahannock. 



Gatesville, N. C 

Mobile 

Mobile bay 

Masonboro' inlet 

Bruinsburg, Miss 

Tampa bay, Fla 

Ofl' Little Malco, Fla 

Off Charleston, S. C 



Decross's Point, Texas.. 

Off Cape Fear river 

Western bar 



Manitee river 

Beach inlet, S. C. 
Wando river, S. C. 



Columbus 

Charleston, S. C. 



Wilmington, N. C. 



Windmill Point, Va .... 
Richmond, Va 



Roebuck 

Nipsic 
Morse 



San Jacinto 



Dragon 
Estrella 
Potomac flotilla 
Commodore Perry 



Magnolia 

Katskill 
Primrose 
Potomac flotilla 

Pawnee's launch 

Pawnee and others 

Potomac flotilla 



Whitehead 

Glasgow 

W. Gr. B. squadron 

Niphon 

Avenger 

Nita 

Rosalie 

Patapsco 

Itasca 

Emma and others 

Monticello 

Ino and Ariel 
Wamsutta, &c. 
Jonquil and others 



Mercury 

N. A. B. squadron 



The number of the prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27, 
1867), is seven hundred and thirty. The total amount of money 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 351 

involved — including that for distribution to the captors, and 
that which is passed to the credit of the United States — is about 
$25,000,000. 

Payment has already been made to nearly ten thousand 
different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to 
thirty-eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi- 
cated about six hundred prizes, the most of which will probably 
be condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors. 



UNION VESSELS CAPTUEED OE DESTEOYED 



BY THE 



DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS. 



BY THE ALABAMA. 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Alert bark New London Sept. 9, 1862. . . 391 

Altamaha, brig Sippican Sept. 13, 1862. . . SOO 

Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6,1863... 595 

Amazonian, bark New York June 2, 1863 . . . 481 

A. P. Schmidt, ship . . .St. Thomas July 2, 1863. . . 784 

Ariel, steamer New York Dec. 7, 1862. . .1295 

Avon, ship Howland's Island Mar. 29, 1864. . . 980 

B'nde Castine, brig...Castine Oct. 29, 1862... 267 

Ben). Tucker, ship New Bedford Sept. 14, 1862 ... 800 

B. Thayer, ship CaUao Mar. 1, 1863. . . 896 

Brilliant, ship New York Oct. 3, 1862. . . 839 

Charles HUl, ship Liverpool .• Nov. 25, 1 863 . . . 699 

Chastelain, brig Guadaloupe Jan. 27, 1863 . . . 240 

Conrad, bark .Montevideo June 20, 1863 .. . 347 

Contest, ship Yokohama Nov. 11, 1863... 1098 

Corsair, schr Provincetown Sept. 13, 1862... 200 

Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 23, 1862... 278 

Dorcas Prince, ship. . .New York April 26, 1863... 699 

Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. — , 1863 ... 298 

E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18, 1862. . . 300 

E. Farnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3, 1862. . .1119 

Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 1864. . . 1096 

Express, ship Callao July 6, 1863. ..1072 

Golden Eagie, ship.. . .Howland's Island Feb. 21, 1863. . .1273 

Golden Rule,n)ark New York Jan. 26, 1863. . . 250 

Har't Spaulding, bark . New Yorlc Nov. 18, 1863 .. . 299 

Hatteras, gunboat Galveston Jan. 13, 1863. . . 800 

Henrietta, bark Baltimore , 1863. . . 439 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 353 

Name of Vessels. "Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1863. . .1149 

Jabez Snow, ship New York Mar. 25, 1868 . . .1070 

John A. Park, ship.. . .New York Mar. 2, 1863. . .1050 

Justiua, bark Rio Janeiro May 25, 1863. . . 4U0 

Kate Cory, brig Westport April 15, 1863... 125 

Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar. 23, 1863. . . 125 

Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23, 1862... 945 

Lafayette, bark New Bedford April 15, 1863 .. . 300 

Lamplighter, bark New York Oct. 15, 1862... 279 

Loretta, bark New York Oct. 28, 1862. . . 284 

Levi Starbuck, ship . . . New Bedford Nov. 2, 1862 .. . 376 

Loiiisa Hatch, ship.. . .Cardiff , 1863. . . 835 

Manchester, ship New York Oct. 11, 1862 .. . 1075 

Martha Wenzell, bark . Akyab Aug. 9, 1863 ... 578 

Martaban, ship Maulmain Dec. 24, 1863 ... 807 

Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23, 1863 . . .1105 

Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25, 1863 ... 800 

Nye, bark New Bedford April 24, 1863. . . 300 

Ocean Rover, bark Mattapoisett Sept. 8, 1862 ... 766 

Ocmulgee. ship Edgartown Sept. 6, 1862 .. • 300 

Olive Jane, bark Bordeaux Feb. 21, 1863 .. . 300 

Oneida, ship Shanghae April 24, 1863 . . . 420 

Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 1863... 172 

Parker Cook, bark Boston Nov. 30, 1862. . . 130 

Punjaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15, 1863. . . 760 

Rockingham, ship Callao AprU23, 1864. . . 976 

Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5, 1863 .. . 447 

Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3, 1863. . . 974 

S. GUdersleeve, ship. . .Sunderland May 25, 1863 : . 847 

Sonora, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1863. . . 707 

Starlight, schr Fayal Sept. 7, 1862. . . 205 

Talisman, ship New York June 5, 1863 ... 1239 

T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 1863 ... 599 

Tonawanda, ship Philadelphia Oct. 9, 1862 .. . 1300 

Tycoon, bark New York , 735 

Union Jack, bark New York May 3, 1863... 300 

Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 17, 1863 ... 300 

"Washington, ship Callao Feb. 27, 1863. . .1655 

Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7, 1862 .. . 409 

Weather Gauge, schr.. Pro vincetown Sept. 4, 1862... 200 

Winged Racer, ship ... Manilla Nov. 10, 1863... 17 67 

BY THE SHENANDOAH. 

Abigail, bark New Bedford May 25, 1865 ... 375 

Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864... 437 

AUna, bark Newport, Bng Oct. —, 1864 ... 47C 



354 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Nnme of Vessels. Where from. Bate of Capture. 

Brunswick, bark New Bedford June — , 18fi5 . 

Catharine, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865 . 

Charter Oak, schr Boston Oct. — , 1864 . 

Congress '2d, bark New Bedford June 28 

Covmcton, bark Warren, R. I June 28 

Delphine, bark London Jan, 1 3 

D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. — 

Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4, 

Edward Cary, bark . . .San Francisco. ... April 1 

Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21 

Favorite, bark Fairhaven June 28. 

Gen. Pike, bark New Bedford June 22 

Gen. Williams, ship Now London June 25 

Gipsy, bark New Bedford June 26 

Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1 

Hector, ship New Bedford April 1 

Hillman, ship New Bedford June 27 

Isabella, bark New Bedford June 21. 

I. Howland, ship New Bedford June 28, 

James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, 

Jireh Swift, bark New Bedford June 23 

Kate Prince, ship Cardiff Nov. 1 2 

Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13 

Martha 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 

Milo, ship New Bedford June 28, 

Nassau, ship New_ Bedford June 28 

Nile, bark NewLondon June 22 

Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25 

Pearl, bark New London April 1 

Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23 

Susan Abigail, bark. . .San Francisco June 23 

Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, 

Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28 

W. Thompson, ship. . .New Bedford June 22 

Wm. C. Nye, bark San Francisco June 26, 



1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1864. 
1864. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1864. 
1864. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 
1865. 



Tons. 
. 226 

. 226 
. 140 
. 875 
. 800 
. 698 
. 29'.) 
. 4-20 
. 370 
. 597 
. 360 
. 425 
. 469 
. 390 
. 350 

'. 600 
. 394 
. 900 
. 400 
. 360 
. 997 
. 140 
. 298 
. 500 
. 450 
. 380 
. 340 
. 275 
. 400 
. 159 

'. 450 
. 600 
. 388 



BT THE FLORIDA. 



Aldebaran, schr New York Mar. 13, 

Anglo Saxon, ship Liverpool Aug. 21, 

Arabella, brig AspinwaU Jan. 12, 

B. P. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, 

Clarence, brig Bahia , 

Commonwealtl?, ship . .New York April 17, 

Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, 

David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero , 

Electric Spark, str New York July 10, 



1863. 


. 187 


1863.' 


. 868 


1863. 


. 291 


1863. 


.1387 


1863. 


. 253 


1863. 


.1245 


1863. 


. 235 




. 289 


1864. 


.1400 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 355 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons, 

Estella, brig Manzanilla Jan. 11, 1863. . . 300 

F. B. Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1863 . . . 796 

Geo. Latititer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198 

Geu. Berry, bark , . . .New York July 10, . . . 469 

Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1864. . . 331 

Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549 

Har't Stephens, bark , .Portland , . . . 500 

J. Jacob Bell, ship Foochow Feb. 12, 1863. . .1382 

Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia Juno — , 1863... 387 

Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1 863 . . . 590 

Mary Alvina, brig Boston June — , 1863 . . . 266 

M. A. Schinler, schr.. .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299 

Mary Y. Davis, schr. . .Port Royal July 9, 1864. . . 270 

M. J. Colcord, bark . . . New York Mar. 30, 1863 . . 374 

Mondamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. — , 1864. . . 886 

Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Yista May 26, 1863. . .1038 

Rieuzi, schr Provincetown July 7, 1863 ... 95 

Soutliern Rights, ship . Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 . . . 830 

Southern Cross Boston June 6, 1863. . . 938 

Star of Peace, ship Calcutta Mar. 6, 1863 .. . 941 

Sunrise, ship New York July — , 1863 .. . 1174 

Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1863 .. . 296 

Varnum H. Hill, schr .Provincetown June 27, 1852. . . 90 

Wm. B. Nash, brig New York July 8, 1863... 299 

Wm. C. Clark, brig Machias, Me June 17, . . . 338 

Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 ... 199 

Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380 



BY THE SUMTER. 

Abbie Bradford, schr. . July 25, 1861 ... 180 

Albert Adams, brig Cuba July 5, 1861 .. . 192 

Alvarado, bark Cape Town June — , 1861 . . . 299 

Arcade, schr Portland Nov. 20, 1861 .. . 122 

Benj. Dunning, brig . . . Cuba July 5, 1861 . . . 284 

B. P. Martin, brig Philadelphia June 16, 1861. . . 293 

California, bark St. Thomas , 1861 .. . 299 

Cuba, brig New York July 4, 1861 . . . 199 

D. Trowbridge, schr. . . New York Oct. 27, 1861... 200 

Eben Dodge, bark New Bedford Dec. 8, 1861... 1222 

Glen, bark.' Philadelphia July — , 1861 ... 287 

Golden Rocket, ship. . .Havana. July 13, 1861 .. . 608 

Henrv Nutt, schr Key West Aug. — , 1861 .. . 235 

Jos. Maxwell, bark PhUadelphia July 27, 1861 .. . 295 

Joseph Parks, brig. . . .Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861 .. . 300 

J. S.Harris, ship Cuba , 1861... 800 

Louisa Kilham, bark . .Oienfuegos July 6, 1861 .. . 468 



356 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. 

Machias, brig July 4, 186^2 , 

Naiad, brig July 6, IMl . 

N. Chase, sclir New York Sept. — , 1 -iel , 

Neapolitan, bark Messina Feb. — , 1 ?u2 , 

Ocean Eagle Rockland Feb. — , 1861 . 

Santa Clara, brig Porto Rico Feb. — , 1 8«1 , 

Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Fob. — , 1861 , 

Vigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, 1861 . 

West Wind, bark New York July 6, 1 861 , 

W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June — , 1861 , 



Tons. 
. 250 
. 300 
. I,o0 
. 322 
. 290 
. 189 
. 549 
. 65U 
. 429 
. 460 



BY THE TALLAHASSEE. 



Adriatic, ship London Aug. 12 

A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. 11 

Arcole, ship New Orleans Nov. 3 

Atlantic, schr.. Addison, Me 

Bay State, bark Alexandria, Ya Aug. 1 1 

Billow, brig Calais, Me Aug. 10, 

Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. 11, 

Castine, ship Callao Jan. 25, 

Coral Wreath, brig Aug. 11 

Etta Carolme, str Aug. 10, 

Flora Reed, schr Aug, 15, 

Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. 13 

Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. 2, 

Howard, bark Aug. 15 

Jas. Littlefleld, ship.. .. Cardiff Aug. 14, 

J. H. Ho wen, schr Gloucester Aug. 14 

L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. 13 

Magnolia, schr Aug. 15 

Mercy Howe, schr Chatham Aug. 15 

N. America, schr Connecticut 

P. C. Alexander, bark.. New York 

Pearl, schr Aug. 16 

Rasselas, schr Boothbay, Me Aug. 23. 

Roan, brig Sahsbury Aug. 20, 

S. A. Boyce, schr Boston Aug. 11 

Sarah Louisa, schr 

Spokane, schr Calais, Me. ....^ Aug. 12 



1863. 
1863. 
1863. 

1863. 
1863. 
1864. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 

1863! 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 
1864. 



BY THE TACONY. 



Ada, schr Gloucester. June 23, 1863 .. . 90 

Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863. . . 200 

Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863. . . 100 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 357 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Byzantium, ship London June 16, 1863 . . . 1048 

Elizabeth Ann, schr. . .Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 100 

Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863 .. . 200 

Goodspeecl, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863. . . 629 

Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. . . 1300 

L. A. Macomber, schr. .Noank June 20, 1863 ... 100 

Marengo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 200 

Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 160 

Rutus Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863 .. . 100 

Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863... 849 

Umpire, brig Laguna June 15, 1863... 196 

"Wanderer, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863 ... 125 



BY THE CLARENCE. 

A. H. Partridge, schr. .Gloucester June 1, 1863. . . 100 

C. Gushing, cutter Portland June 24, 1863. . . 150 

Whistling Wind, bark . .Philadelphia June 6, 1863 .. . 349 



BY THE SALLIE. 

Ames, brig Cuba Oct. — , 1861... 265 

Grenada, brig Neuvitas Oct. 13, 1861. . . 265 



BY THE GEORGIA. 

Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863. . . 191 

City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863. . . 19 

Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863 ... 97 

Crown Point, ship New York May 16, 1863... 1053 

Dictator, ship. Liverpool April 25, 1863... 1293 

Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280 

Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1863... 436 

John Watt,' ship Maulmain Oct. — , 1863 .. . 947 

J. W. Seaver, bark. . .Boston June 22, 1863. . . 340 

Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863. . . 960 



BY THE JEFF DAYIS. 

D. C. Pierce, bark Remedies June — , 

Ella, schr Tampico , 

Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, 

Jno. Crawford, ship Philadelphia Aug. — , 

John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 



1861. 


.. 306 


1861. 


.. 92 


1861. 


.. 200 


1861. 




1861. 


.. 275 



358 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tona. 

Rowena, bark Laguayra June — , 1861 ... 340 

S. J. Waring, schr New York July 16, 1861... 372 

W. McGilvery, brig. . .Cardenas July — 1861 ... 193 

BY THE WIN SLOW. 

Herbert, schr Juno 18, 1861... 100 

Itasca, brig Neuvitas Aug. 4, 1861... 300 

Mary Alice, schr Porto Rico July — , 1801 ... 181 

Priscilla, schr Curafoa July — , 1861... 144 

Transit, schr New London July 15, 1861 . . . 195 



BY THE CHICKAMAUGA. 

Albion Lincoln, bark. .Portland Oct. 29, 1864. . . 237 

Emma L. Hall, bark.. .Cardenas Oct. 31, 1864. . . 492 

Mark L. Potter, bark. . .Bangor Oct. 30, 1864. . . 400 

Shooting Star, ship New York Oct. 31, 1864. . . 957 

BY THE OLUSTEE. 

A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. 

Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. 

E. P. Lewis, schr Portland Nov. 

T. B. Wagner, brig Fort Monroe Nov. 

BY THE RETRIBUTION. 

Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. — , 1863 .. . 230 

Hanover, schr Boston Jan. 31, 1863... 200 

J. P. Ellicott, brig Boston Jan. 10, 1863 ... 231 



BY THE ST. NICHOLAS. 



3, 


1864.. 


. 178 


1, 


1864.. 


. 316 


3, 


1864.. 


. 197 


3, 


1864.. 


. 390 



Mary Pierce, schr Boston. 

Margaret, schr. 



Moiiticello, brig Rio Janeu-o. 



July 1, 1862.. 


. 192 


July 29, 1862.. 


. 206 


July 1, 1862.. 


. 800 



BY THE CALHOUN. 

John Adams, schr Provincetown May — , 1861. . . 100 

Mermaid, schr Provincetown May — , 1861 .. . 200 

Panama, brig Provincetown May 29, 1861 ... 163 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 359 



BY THE NASHVILLE. 

Name of Yesaels. "Where from. Date of Capture. Tom. 

Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800 

K. Gillillan, schr Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240 

BY THE BOSTON. 

Lenox, bark New York June 12, 1863... 37u 

Texana, bark New York June 12, 1863. . . 588 

BY THE SAVANNAH. 
Joseph, brig .Cardenas June 15, 1861... Itl 

BY THE LAPWING. 
Kate Dywer, ship Callao June It, 1863... 1278 

BY THE ECHO. 

M. E. Thompson, brig. . July 9,1862... 210 

Mary Goodell, schr July 9, 1862 ... 200 

BY THE YORK. 
G. V. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 100 

BY THE CONRAD. 
Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . . 898 

BY THE TUSCARORA 
Living Age, ship Akyab Sept. 13, 1863. . .1193 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A. B. Thompson, ship. . Savannah May 19, 1861 .. . 800 

Alleghanian, ship Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862. . .1142 

Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept. — , 1863. . . 190 

Boston, tug — June 9, 1865. . . 100 



160 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Name of Vessels. 



Where from. 



Date of Capture. Tone. 



Chesapeake, steamer. .New York Dec. 

Golden Rod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. 

Hannah Balch, brig. . .Cardenas July 

Harriet Lane, aunbt. . .Gralveston Jan. 

James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. 

J. R. Watson, schr. New York July 

Lydia Francis, brig July 

Pearl, schr Moriches 

Protector, schr Cuba June 

Sea Bird, sell Pliiiadelphia 

Sea Witch, schr Baracoa 

Union, schr Baltimore Dec. 



7 


1863... 




1863.. 


6 


1862.. 


11 


1863... 





1SG3... 


13 


1861... 


15 


1862... 


— 


1862... 


— 


1861... 


— 


1863... 


— 


1861... 


5 


1862... 



460 
130 
149 
325 

90 
20O 
262 
183 
200 
2()0 

95 
115 



— From the Coriiinercial and Financial Chronicle, 



RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 361 



EEOONSTRUOTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 



RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF TFE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS, OF MARCH 
2, 186*?. 

The bill passed the House on February 20, 186T, 
by the following vote — yeas 128, nays 46. The 
Senate passed the bill on the same day — yeas 35, 
nays 7. Tlie bill was vetoed on March 2. Both 
Houses of Congress re-passed it on the same day, the 
House by a vote of yeas 138, nays 51 ; the Senate 
by a vote of yeas 38, nays 10. 

An Act to provide efficient Government for the Insurrec- 
tionary States. 

Whereas^ No legal State governments or adequate 

protection for life or property now exist in the Rebel 

States of Virginia, I^orth Carolina, South Carolina, 

Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, 

Texas, and Arkansas ; and 

16 



862 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Whereas^ it is necessary that peace and good order 
should be enforced in said States until lojal and 
republican State governments can be legally estab- 
lished; therefore 

Be it enacted, etc., Tliat said Rebel States shall be 
divided into military districts and made subject to 
the military authority of the United States, as here- 
inafter mentioned; and for that purpose Virginia 
shall constitute the First District ; North Carolina 
and South Carolina the Second District ; Georgia, 
Alabama, and Florida the Third District ; Mississippi 
and Arkansas the Fourth District, and Louisiana and 
Texas the Fifth District. 

Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the President 
to assign to the command of each of said districts an 
officer of the army not below the rank of brigadier- 
general, and to detail a sufficient military force to 
enable such officer to perform liis duties and enforce 
his authority within the district to which he is as- 
signed. 

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of each officer 
assigned as aforesaid to protect all persons in their 
rights of person and property, to suppress insurrec- 
tion, disorder, and violence, and to punish or cause 
to be punished all disturbers of the public peace and 
criminals ; and to this end he may allow local civil 
tribunals to take jurisdiction of and try offenders, or, 



KECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 363 

when in liis judgment it may be necessary for tlie 
trial of offenders, he shall have power to organize 
military committees or tribunals for that purpose ; 
and all interference, under color of State authority, 
with the exercise of military authority under this 
act, shall be null and void. 

Sec. 4. That all persons put under military arrest 
by wtue of this act shall be tried without unneces- 
sary delay, and no cruel or unusual punishment shall 
be inflicted ; and no sentence of any military commis- 
sion or tribunal hereby authorized, affecting the life 
or liberty of any person, shall be executed until it is 
approved by the officer in command of the district ; 
and the laws and regulations for the government of 
the army shall not be affected by this act, except in 
so far as they may conflict with its provisions. 

Provided, That no sentence of death under this 
act shall be carried into execution without the ap- 
proval of the President. 

Sec. 6. When the people of any one of said Kebel 
States shall have formed a constitution and govern- 
ment in conformity with the Constitution of the 
United States in all respects, framed by a convention 
of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State 
twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race, 
color, or previous condition, who have been resident 
in said State for one year previous to the day of such 



S64r THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

election, except siicli as may be disfrancliisecl for 
participation in the Rebellion or for felony at com- 
mon law ; and when such constitution shall provide 
that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all 
sucli persons as have the qualifications herein stated 
for electors of delegates ; and when such constitution 
shall be ratified by a majority of the persons voting 
on the question of ratification who are qualified as 
electors for delegates; and when such constitution 
shall have been submitted to Congress for examina- 
tion and approval, and Congress shall have approved 
the same ; and when said State by a vote of its 
Legislature, elected under said constitution, shall 
have adopted the amendment to the Constitution of 
the United States proposed by the Thirty-ninth Con- 
gress, and known as Article 14 ; and when said arti- 
cle shall have become part of the Constitution of the 
United States, said State shall be declared entitled 
to representation in Congress, and senators and rep- 
resentatives shall be admitted therefrom on their 
taking the oath prescribed by law, and then and 
thereafter the preceding sections of this act shall be 
inoperative in said State. 

Provided^ That no person excluded from the 
privilege of holding ofiice by said proposed amend- 
ment to the Constitution of the United States shall 
be eliorible to election as a member of the convention 



KECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 365 

to frame a constitution for any of said Rebel States, 
nor shall any sucli person vote for members of such 
convention. 

Sec. 6. Until the people of the said Rebel States 
shall by law be admitted to representation to the 
Congress of the United States, all civil governments 
that may exist therein shall be deemed provisional 
only, and shall be in all respects subject to the para- 
mount authority of the United States, at any time to 
abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and 
in all elections to any office under such provisional 
governments all persons shall be entitled to vote 
under the provisions of the fifth section of this act. 
And no person shall be eligible to any office under 
such provisional governments who would be dis- 
qualified from holding office under the provisions of 
the third article of said Constitutional amendment. 
[This bill was passed over the President's veto on 
March 2, 1867.] 

SUPPLEMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS, OF 
MARCH 23, 186t. 

A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the above 
act of March 2, passed both Houses of Congress on 
March 19. It was vetoed on March 23. On the 
same day the House repassed it b}^ a vote of yeas 
114 (all Republicans), nays 25 (all Democrats), and 



366 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the Senate by a vote of yeas 40 (all Republicans ex- 
cept Johnson of Md.), and nays 7 (all Democrats). 

The following are the main provisions of this 
act : 

Before Sept. 1, 18G7, the commanding-general in 
each district, defined by an act entitled " An Act to 
provide for the more efficient government of the Rebel 
States," passed March 2, 1867, shall canse a regis- 
tration to be made of the male citizens of the United 
States, 21 years of age and upwards, resident in each 
county or parish in the State or States included in 
his district, which registration shall include only 
those persons who are qualified to vote for delegates 
by the act aforesaid, and who shall have taken and 
subscribed the following oath or affirmation : " I, 

, do solemnly swear (or affirm), in the presence 

of Almighty God, that I am a citizen of the State 

of ; that I have resided in said State for 

months next preceding this day, and now reside in 

the county of , or the parish of , in said 

State (as the case may be) ; that I am twenty-one 
years old; that I have not been disfranchised for 
participation in any rebellion or ci^dl war against 
the United States, nor for felony committed against 
the laws of any State or of the United States ; that 
I have never been a member of any State Legisla- 
ture, nor held any executive or judicial office in any 



RECONSTKUCTION MEASURES OF CONGEESS. 367 

State, and afterward engaged in insurrection or re- 
bellion against tlie United States, or given aid or 
comfort to the enemies thereof; that I have never 
taken an oath as a member of Congress of the 
United States, or as an officer of the United States, 
or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an 
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support 
the Constitution of the United States, and afterward 
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or given aid or comfort to the en- 
emies thereof; that I will faithfully support the 
Constitution and obey the laws of the United States, 
and will, to the best of my ability, encourage others 
so to do, so help me God ;" which oath or affir- 
mation may be administered by any registering 
officer. 

Sec. 2. After the completion of the registration 
hereby provided for in any State, at such time and 
places therein as the commanding-general shall ap- 
point and direct, of which at least thirty daj^s' public 
notice shall be given, an election shall be held of 
delegates to a convention for the purpose of estab- 
lishing a constitution and civil government for such 
State loyal to the Union, said convention in each 
State, except Yirginia, to consist of the same num- 
ber of members as the most numerous branch of the 
State Legislature of such State in the year 1860, tc 



368 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

be apportioned among the several districts, counties^ 
or parishes of such State by the commanding-gen- 
eral, giving to each representation in the ratio of 
voters registered as aforesaid, as nearly as may be. 
The convention in Virginia shall consist of the 
same nmnber of members as represented the terri- 
tory now constituting Virginia in the most numerous 
branch of the Legislature of said State in the year 
1860, to be apportioned as aforesaid. 

Sec. 3. At said election the registered voters of 
each State shall vote for or against a convention to 
form a constitution therefor under this act. The 
person appointed to superintend said election, and to 
make return of the votes given thereat, as herein 
provided, shall count and make return of the votes 
given for and against a convention ; and the com- 
manding-general to whom the same shall have been 
returned, shall ascertain and declare the total vote 
in each State for and against a convention. If a 
majority of the votes given on that question shall be 
for a convention, then such convention shall be held 
as liereinafter provided ; but if a majority of said 
votes shall be against a convention, then no such 
convention shall be held under this act : Provided^ 
that such convention shall not be held unless a ma- 
jority of all such registered voters shall have voted 
on the question of holding such convention. 



RECONSTEUOTION MEi\SUEES OF CONGRESS. 369 

Sec. 4. The commanding-genera] of each district 
shall appoint as many boards of registration as may 
be necessary, consisting of three loyal officers or per- 
sons, to make and complete the registration, super- 
intend the election, and make return to him of the 
votes, lists of voters, and of the persons elected as 
delegates by a plurality of the votes cast at said 
election ; and upon receiving said returns he shall 
open the same, ascertain the persons elected as dele- 
gates according to the returns of the officers who 
conducted said election, and make proclamation 
thereof; and if a majority of the votes given on 
that question shall be for a convention, the com- 
manding-general, within sixty days from the date 
of election, shall notify the delegates to assemble in 
convention, at a time and place to be mentioned in 
the notification, and said convention, when organ- 
ized, shall proceed to frame a constitution and civil 
government according to the provisions of this act 
and the act to which it is supplementary ; and when 
the same shall have been so framed, said constitution 
shall be submitted by the convention for ratification 
to the pei-sons registered under the provisions of this 
act at an election to be conducted by the officers or 
persons aj^pointed or to be appointed by the com- 
manding-general, as hereinbefore provided, and to 

be held after the expiration of thirty days from the 
16* 



370 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

date of notice thereof, to be given by said conven- 
tion ; and the retm^ns thereof shall be made to the 
commanding-general of the district. 

Sec. 5. That if, according to said returns, the 
constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the 
votes of the registered electors qualified as herein 
specified, cast at said election (at least one-half of 
all the registered voters voting upon the question of 
such ratification), the president of the convention 
shall transmit a copy of the same, duly certified, to 
the President of the United States, who shall forth- 
witli transmit the same to Congress, if then in ses- 
sion, and if not in session, then immediately upon 
its next assembling ; and if it shall, moreover, ap- 
pear to Congress, that the election was one at which 
all the registered and qualified electors in the State 
had an opportunity to vote freely and without re- 
straint, fear, or the influence of fraud, and if the 
Congress shall be satisfied that such constitution 
meets the approval of a majority of all the qualified 
electors in the State, and if the said constitution 
shall be declared by Congress to be in conformity 
with the provisions of the act to which this is sup- 
plementary, and the other provisions of said act 
shall have been complied with, and the said consti- 
tution shall be approved by Congress, the State shall 
be declared entitled to representation, and Senators 



EECONSTEUCTION MEASUKES OF CONGRESS. 371 

and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom as 
therein provided. 

Sec. 6. Ail elections m the States mentioned 
in the said " Act to provide for the more efficient 
government of the rebel States," shall, during the 
operation of said act, be by ballot ; and all officers 
making the said registration of voters and conduct- 
ing said elections shall, before entering upon the 
discharge of their duties, take and subscribe the 
oath prescribed by the act approved July 2, 1862, 
entitled " An Act to prescribe an oath of office : " 
Provided^ That if any person shall laiowingly and 
falsely take and subscribe any oath in this act pre- 
scribed, such person so offending and being thereof 
duly convicted, shall be subject to the pains, penal- 
ties, and disabilities which by law are provided for 
the punishment of the crime of wilful and corrupt 
perjury. 

SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS, OP 
JULY 19, 186V. 

A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the two 
preceding acts, passed both Houses of Congress, on 
July 13, It was vetoed by the President on July 
19, but on the same day repassed by both Houses 
over the veto. The vote in the Senate stood — yeas 
30 (all liep.), nays 6 (all Dem.); in the House — 



372 THE NATIONAJL nAND-BOOK. 

yeas 100 (all Eep.), nays 22 (all Dem.). The bill is 
as follows : 

Section 1. That it is hereby declared to have been 
the true intent and meaning of the act of the 2d day 
of March, 1867, entitled " An Act to provide for the 
more efficient government of the rebel States," and 
the act supplementary thereto, passed the 23d of 
March, 1867, that the governments then existing in 
the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South 
Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, 
Florida, Texas, and Arkansas, were not legal State 
governments, and that thereafter said governments, 
if continued, were to be continued subject in all re- 
spects to the military commanders of the respective 
districts, and to the paramount authority of Con- 
gress. 

Sec. 2. That the commander of any district 
named in said act shall have power, subject to the 
disapproval of the general of the army of the United 
States, and to have effect until disapproved, when- 
ever, in the opinion of such commander, the proper 
administration of said act shall require it, to sus- 
pend or remove from office, or from the performance 
of official duties, and the exercise of official powers, 
any officer or person holding or exercising, or pro- 
fessing to hold or exercise, any civil or military 
office or duty in such district, under any power, 



RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 373 

election, appointment, or autliority derived from, or 
granted by, or claimed mider, any so-called State, 
or the government thereof, or any municipal or 
other division thereof, and upon such suspension or 
removal such commander, subject to the approval 
of the general as aforesaid, shall have power to pro- 
vide from time to time for the performance of the 
said duties of such officer or person so suspended or 
removed, by the detail of some competent officer or 
soldier of the army, or by the appointment of some 
other person to perform the same, and to fill vacan- 
cies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise. 

Sec 3. That the general of the army of the 
United States shall be invested with all the powers 
of suspension, removal, appointment, and detaching 
granted in the preceding section to district com- 
manders. 

Sec. 4. That the acts of the officers of the army, 
already done in removing in said districts persons 
exercising the functions of civil officers, and ap- 
pointing others in their stead, are hereby confirmed ; 
provided, that any persons heretofore or hereafter 
appointed by any district commander to exercise the 
functions of any civil office may be removed either 
by the military officer in command of the district or 
by the general of the army, and it shall be the duty 
of such commander to remove from office, as afore- 



374: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

said, all persons who are disloyal to the Govern- 
ment of the United States, or who use then- offi- 
cial influence in any manner to hinder, delay, pre- 
vent, or obstruct the due and proper administration 
of this act and the acts to which it is supplement- 
ary. 

Sec. 5. Tliat the boards of registration provided 
for in the act entitled '' An Act supplementary to an 
act entitled 'An Act to provide for the more efficient 
government of the rebel States,' passed March 2, 
1867, and to facilitate restoration," passed March 
23, 1867, shall have power, and it shall be their 
duty, before allowing the registration of any person, 
to ascertain, upon such facts or information as they 
can obtain, whether such person is entitled to be 
registered under said act, and the oath required by 
said act shall not be conclusive on such question ; 
and no person shall be registered unless such board 
shall decide that he is entitled thereto; and such 
board shall also have power to examine under oath, 
to be administered by any member of such board, 
any one touching the qualification of any person 
claiming registration ; but in every case of refusal 
by the board to register an applicant, and in every 
case of striking his name from the list, as herein- 
after provided, the board shall make a note or mem- 
oranduto, which shall be returned with the registra- 



EECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGKESS. 375 

tion list to the commanding-general of the district, 
setting forth the ground of such refusal or such 
striking from the list ; provided, that no person shall 
be disqualified as a member of any board of regis- 
tration by reason of race or color. 

Sec. 6. That the true intent and meaning of 
the oath presented in said supplementary acts is 
(among other things) that no person who has been a 
member of the Legislature of any State, or who has 
held any executive or judicial office in any State, 
whether he has taken an oath to support the Consti- 
tution of the United States or not, and whether he 
was holding such office at the commencement of the 
rebellion or had held it before, and who has after- 
wards engaged in insurrection or rebellion against 
the United States or given aid or comfort to the 
enemies thereof, is entitled to be registered or to 
vote ; and the words " executive or judicial " office 
in any State, in said oath mentioned, shall be con- 
strued to include all civil offices created by law for 
the administration of any general law of a State or 
for the administration of justice. 

Sec. 7. That the time for completing the origi 
nal registration provided for in any act may, in tlio 
discretion of the commander of any district, be ex- 
tended to the 1st day of October, 1867; and the 
board of registration shall have power, and it shall 



376 THE NATIONAL HAND-B ,)0K:. 

be their duty, commencing fourteen days prior to 
any election under said act, and upon reasonable 
public notice of the time and place thereof, to revise 
for a period of five days the registration lists, and 
upon being satisfied that any person not entitled 
thereto has been registered, to strike the name of 
such person from the list, and such person shall not 
be allowed to vote. And such board shall also, dm*- 
ing the same period, add to each registry the names 
of all persons who at that time possess tlie qualifica- 
tions required by said act, who have not been al- 
ready registered, and no person shall at any time 
be entitled to be registered or to vote by reason 
of any executive pardon or amnesty, for any 
act or tiling which, without such pardon or am- 
nesty, would disqualify him from registration or 
voting. 

Sec. 8. That all members of said boards of reg- 
istration, and all persons hereafter elected or ap- 
pointed to office in said military districts under any 
so-called State or municipal authority, or by detail 
or appointment of the district commander, shall be 
required to take and subscribe to the oath of office 
prescribed by law for the officers of the United 
States. 

Sec. 9. That no district conmiander or mem- 
ber of the board of registration, or any officer or 



EECONSTEUOTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 377 

appointee acting under them, shall be bound in his 
action by any opinion of any civil officer of the 
United States. 

Sec. 10. That section four of said last-named 
act shall be construed to authorize the commanding- 
general named therein, whenever he shall deem it 
needful, to remove any member of a board of regis- 
tration, and to appoint another in his stead, and to 
lill any vacancy in such board. 

Sec. 11. That all the proWsions of this act, and 
of the acts to which this is supplementary, shall be 
construed liberally, to the end that all the intents 
thereof may be fully and perfectly cai'ried out. 

RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1868.— FORTIETH CONGRESS — SECOND 

SESSION. 

The following is the Reconstruction bill as it passed 
the House, Jan. 21st, 1868 — yeas 123, nays 45 : 

Be it enaxited, c&c, That in Yirginia, JSTorth Car- 
olina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missis- 
sippi, Lousiana, Texas, Florida, and Arkansas, there 
are no civil State governments republican in form, 
and that the so-called civil governments in said 
States respectively shall not be recognized as valid 
or legal State governments either by the executive 
or the judicial power or authority of the United 
States. 



378 THE NATIONAJL IIAIND-BOOK. 

Sec. 2. A'iul he it further enacted^ Tliat for the 
speedy enforcement of the act entitled "An Act to 
provide for the more efficient government of tlie 
rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, and the several 
acts supplementary thereto, the General of the Army 
of the United States is hereby authorized and re- 
quired to enjoin by special orders upon all officers 
in command within the several military depart- 
ments within said several States, the performance of 
all acts authorized by said several laws above re- 
cited ; is authorized to remove at his discretion, by 
his order, from command any or all of said com- 
manders and detail other officers of the United States 
Army, not below the rank of colonel, to perform all 
the duties and exercise all the powers authorized by 
said several acts, to the end that the people of said 
several States may speedily reorganize civil govern- 
ments, republican in form, in said several States, 
and be restored to political power in the Union. 

Sec. 3. And he it further enacted^ That the Gen- 
eral of the Army may remove any or all civil officers 
now acting under the several provisional govern- 
ments within the said several disorganized States, 
and appoint others to discharge the duties pertain- 
ing to their respective offices, and may do any and 
all acts which by said several laws above mentioned 
are authorized to be done by the several commanders 



KECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 379 

of tlie military departments within said States ; and 
so mucli of said acts or of any act as authorizes the 
President to detail the military commanders to said 
military departments, or to remove any officers who 
may be detailed as herein provided, is hereby re- 
pealed. 

Sec. 4. And be it fui'ther enacted^ That it shall 
be unlawful for the President of the United States to 
order any part of the army or navy of the United 
States to assist, by force of arms, the authority of 
either of said provisional governments in said disor- 
ganized States, to oppose or to obstruct the authority 
of the United States, as provided in this act and the 
acts to which this is supplementary. 

Sec. 5. And he itf%irther enacted^ That any inter- 
ference by any person, with intent to prevent by force 
the execution of the orders of the General of the 
Army made in pursuance of this act and of the acts 
aforesaid, or any refusal or wilful neglect of any per- 
son to issue any order or do any act required by this 
act or other of the acts to which this act is additional 
and supplementary, with intent to defeat or delay 
the due execution of this act or of either of the acts 
to whicli this is supplementary, shall be held to be 
high misdemeanor, and the party guilty thereof shall, 
upon conviction, be fined not exceeding five thousand 
dollars and imprisoned not exceeding two years. 



380 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That so mach 
of all acts and parts of acts as conflicts or is incon- 
sistent with the provisions of this act is hereby re- 
pealed. 

Mr. Wood (Dem.), of N. Y., desired to move an 
amendment to the title of the bill, but was cut oft' by 
the previous question. The title which it was pro- 
posed to give the bill was : — " A bill to absorb the 
entire authority of the government into the hands of 
Congress, by which the powers of the Executive as 
Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy shall be 
abolished ; the power of the Supreme Court to pass 
upon the validity of the acts of Congress prohibited ; 
Congressional usurpation over ten States established 
by force, and a new form of government created in 
place of that which formerly existed under the Con- 
stitution of the United States, hereby declared to be 
annulled and made void." — From the N. T. Herald^ 
Jan. 22, 1868. 



TKITOEB OF OFFICE BILL. 381 



TENURE OF OFFICE BILL. 



An Act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices. 

Be it enacted^ d&c, That every person holding any 
civil office to which he has been appointed by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and every 
person who shall hereafter be appointed to any such 
office, and shall become duly qualified to act therein, 
is, and shall be, entitled to hold such office until a 
successor shall have been in like manner appointed 
and duly qualified, except as herein otherwise pro- 
vided : Provided^ That the Secretaries of State, of 
the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, and of the 
Interior, the Postmaster-General, and the Attorney- 
General, shall hold their offices respectively for and 
during the term of the President by wliom they may 
have been appointed and for one month thereafter, 
subject to removal by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate. 



382 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Sec. 2. Tliat wlicn any officer appointed as afore- 
said, excepting judges of the United States courts, 
shall, during the recess of the Senate, be shown, by 
evidence satisfactory to the President, to be guilty 
of misconduct in office, or crime, or for any reason 
shall become incapable or legally disqualified to per- 
form its duties, in such case, and in no other, the 
President may suspend such officer and designate 
some suitable person to perform temporarily the 
duties of such office until the next meeting of the 
Senate, and until the case shall be acted upon by the 
Senate ; and such person so designated shall take 
the oaths and give the bonds required by law to be 
taken and given by the person duly appointed to 
fill such office ; and in such case it shall be the duty 
of the President, within twenty days after the first 
day of such next meeting of the Senate, to report to 
the Senate such suspension, with the evidence and 
reasons for his action in the case and the name of the 
person so designated to perform the duties of such 
office. And if the Senate shall concur in such sus- 
pension and advise and consent to the removal of 
such officer, they shall so certify to the President, 
who may thereupon remove such officer, and, by 
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, ap- 
point another person to such office. But if the 
Senate shall refuse to concur in such suspension, such 



TENIJKE OF OFFICE BILL. 383 

officer so suspended sliall forthwith resume the func- 
tions of his office, and the powers of the person so 
performing its duties in his stead shall cease, and 
the official salary and emoluments of such officer 
shall, during such suspension, belong to the person 
so performing the duties thereof, and not to the 
officer so suspended : Provided^ however^ That the 
President, in case he shall become satisfied tliat such 
suspension was made on insufficient grounds, shall 
be authorized, at any time before reporting such sus- 
pension to the Senate as above provided, to revoke 
such suspension and reinstate such officer in the per- 
formance of the duties of his office. 

Sec. 3. That the President shall have power to 
fill all vacancies which may happen during the recess 
of the Senate, by reason of death or resignation, by 
granting commissions which shall expire at the end 
of their next session thereafter. And if no appoint- 
ment, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, shall be made to such office so vacant or 
temporarily filled as aforesaid, during such next ses- 
sion of the Senate, such office shall remain in abey- 
ance, without any salary, fees or emoluments attached 
thereto, until the same shall be filled by appointment 
thereto, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate ; and during such time all the powers and 
duties belonging to such office shall be exercised by 



384 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

sucli otlier officer as maj by law exercise siicli pow 
ers and duties in case of a vacancy in such office. 

Sec. 4. That nothing in this act contained shall 
be construed to extend the term of any office tho 
duration of which is limited by law. 

Sec. 5. That if any person shall, contrary to the 
provisions of this act, accept any appointment to or 
employment in any office, or shall hold or exercise, 
or attempt to hold or exercise, any such office or em- 
ployment, he shall be deemed, and is hereby declared 
to be, guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, upon trial 
and conviction thereof, he shall be punished therefor 
by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by 
imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both said 
punishments, in the discretion of the court. 

Sec. 6. That every removal, appointment, or em- 
ployment, made, had, or exercised, contrary to the 
provisions of this act, and the making, signing, seal- 
ing, countersigning, or issuing of any commission or 
letter of authority for or in respect to any such ap- 
pointment or employment, shall be deemed, and are 
hereby declared to be high misdemeanors, and, upon 
trial and conviction thereof, every person guilty 
thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten 
thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding 
five years, or both said punishments, in the discretion 
of the court : Provided^ That the President shall 



TENURE OF OFFICE BILL. 385 

have power to make out and deliver, after the ad- 
joiirmnent of the Senate, commissions for all officera 
whose appointment shall have been advised and con- 
sented to by the Senate. 

Sec. 7. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary 
of the Senate, at the close of each session thereof, 
to deliver to the Secretary of the Treasury, and to 
each of his Assistants, and to each of the Auditors, 
and to each of the Comptrollers in the Treasury, and 
to the Treasurer, and to the Register of the Treas- 
ury, a full and complete list, duly certified, of all 
persons who shall have been nominated to and 
rejected by the Senate during sucli session, and a 
like list of all the offices to which nominations shall 
have been made and not confirmed and filled at 
such session. 

Sec. 8. That whenever the President shall, with- 
out the consent of the Senate, designate, autliorize, 
or employ any person to perform the duties of any 
office, he shall forthwith notify the Secretary of the 
Treasury thereof; and it shall be the duty of the 
Secretary of the Treasury thereupon to communi- 
cate such notice to all the proper accounting and 
disbursing ofiicers of his department. 

Sec. 9. That no money shall be paid or received 
from, the Treasury, or paid or received from or retain- 
ed out of any public moneys or funds of the United 

17 



386 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOX. 

States, whether in the Treasury or not, to or by or 
for the benefit of any person appointed to or autlior- 
ized to act in, or holding or exercising the duties or 
functions of, any office contrary to the provisions of 
this act; nor shall any claim, account, voucher, 
order, certificate, warrant, or other instrument pro- 
viding for or relating to such pa3mient, receipt or 
retention, be presented, passed, allowed, approved, 
certified, or paid by any officer of the United States, 
or by any person exercising the functions or per- 
forming the duties of any office or place of trust 
under the United States, for or in respect of such 
office, or the exercising or performing the functions 
or duties thereof; and every person who shall violate 
any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed 
guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, upon trial and 
conviction thereof, shall be punished therefor by a 
fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by im- 
prisonment not exceeding ten years, or both said 
punishments, in the discretion of the court. 
Passed March 2, 1867. 

THE PBESroENT'S VETO. 

To the Senate of the United States : 

I HAVE carefully examined the bill " to regulate 
the tenure of certain civil offices." The material 
portion of the bill is contained in the first section, 



387 



and is of the effect following, namely : * * -5^ * 
These provisions are qualified by a reservation in 
the fourth section, "that nothing contained in the 
bill shall be construed to extend the term of any 
office, the duration of which is limited by law." In 
effect the bill provides that the President shall not 
remove from their places any of the civil officers 
whose terms of service are not limited by law, with- 
out the advice and consent of the Senate of the 
United States. The bill in this respect conflicts, 
in my judgment, with the Constitution of the 
United States. The question, as Congress is well 
aware, is by no means a new one. That the power 
of removal is constitutionally vested in the President 
of the United States is a principle which has been 
not more distinctly declared by judicial authority 
and judicial commentators than it has been uni- 
formly practiced upon by the legislative and execu- 
tive departments of the Government. The question 
arose in the House of Representatives so early as 
the 16th of June, 1789, on the bill for establishing 
an executive department denominated " Tlie De- 
partment of Foreign Affairs." The first clause of 
the bill, after recapitulating the functions of that 
officer and defining his duties, had these words : "to 
be removable from office by the President of the 
United States." It was moved to strike out these 



388 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

words, and the motion was sustained with great 
ability and vigor. It was insisted that the Presi- 
dent could not constitutionally exercise the power 
of removal exclusively of the Senate ; that the 
Federalist so interpreted the Constitution when 
arguing for its adoption by the several States ; that 
the Constitution had nowhere given the President 
power of removal, either expressly or by strong im- 
plication, but, on the contrary, had distinctly pro- 
vided for removals from office by impeachment only. 
A construction which denied the power of removal 
by the President was further maintained by argu- 
ments drawn from the danger of the abuse of the 
power ; from the supposed tendency of an exposure 
of public officers to capricious removal to impair 
the efficiency of the civil service ; from the alleged 
injustice and hardship of displacing incumbents 
dependent upon their official stations without suth- 
cient consideration ; from a supposed want of respon- 
sibility on the part of the President, and from an 
imagined defect of guarantees against a vicious Pres- 
ident who might incline to abuse the power. On 
the other hand, an exclusive power of removal by 
the President was defended as a true exposition of 
the text of the Constitution. It was maintained that 
there are certain causes for which persons ought to 
be removed from office without being guilty of trea- 



THE PEESIDENt's VETO. 389 

son, bribery, or malfeasance, and that the nature of 
things demands that it shonhi be so. " Suppose," 
it was said, " a man becomes insane by the visita- 
tion of God, and is likely to ruin our affairs, are the 
hands of the Government to be confined from ward- 
ing off the evil? Suppose a person in office, not 
possessing the talents he was judged to have at the 
time of the appointment, is the error not to be cor- 
rected? Suppose he acquires vicious habits and 
incurable indolence, or total neglect of the duties of 
his office, which shall work mischief to the public 
welfare, is there no way to arrest the threatened 
danger? Suppose he becomes odious and unpopular 
by reason of the measures he pursues — and this he 
may do without committing any positive offence 
against the law — must he preserve his office in 
despite of the popular will ? Suppose him grasping 
for his own aggrandizement and the elevation of his 
connections by every means short of the treason 
defined by the Constitution, hurrying your affairs 
to the precipice of destruction, endangering your 
domestic tranquillity, plundering you of the means 
of defence, alienating the affections of your allies, 
and promoting the spirit of discord, must the tardy, 
tedious, desultory road by way of impeachment be 
travelled to overtake the man who, barely confining 
himself within the letter of the law, is employed in 



390 THE NATIONAI. HAND-BOOK. 

drawing off the vital principle of the Government ? 
The nature of things, the great object of society, 
the express objects of the Constitution itself, require 
that this thing should be otherwise. To unite the 
Senate wdth the President in the exercise of the 
powder," it was said, " would involve us in the most 
serious difficulty. Suppose a discovery of any of 
those events should take place when the Senate is 
not in session, how is the remedy to be applied ? 
The evil could be avoided in no other way than by 
the Senate sitting alwaj^s." In regard to the danger 
of the power being abused if exercised by one man, 
it w^as said, " that the danger is as great with respect 
to the Senate, who are assembled from various parts 
of the continent with, different impressions and 
opinions ; " " that such a body is more likely to mis- 
use the power of removal than the man whom the 
united voice of America calls to the Presidential 
chair. As the nature of government requu'es the 
power of removal," it was maintained " that it 
should be exercised in this way by the hand capable 
of exerting itself with effect ; and the power must 
be conferred on the President by the Constitution 
as the executive officer of the Government." Mr. 
Madison, whose adverse opinion in the Federal- 
ist has been relied upon by those who denied the 
exclusive power, now participated in the debate. 



391 

He declared that lie had reviewed his former opin- 
ions, and he summed np the whole case as fol 
lows : " The Constitution affirms that the executive 
power is vested in the President. Are there ex- 
ceptions to this proposition ? Yes, there are. The 
Constitution says that in appointing to office, 
the Senate shall be associated with the President, 
unless in the case of inferior officers, when the law 
shall otherwise direct. Have we (that is. Congress) 
a right to extend this exception ? I believe not. If 
the Constitution has invested all executive power in 
the President, I ventm-e to assert that the Legis- 
lature has no right to diminish or modify his execu- 
tive authority. The question now resolves itself 
into this : Is the power of displacing an executive 
power ? I conceive that if any power whatsoever 
is in the Executive, it is the power of appointing, 
overseeing, and controlling those who execute the 
laws. If the Constitution had not qualified the 
power of the President in appointing to office by 
associating the Senate with him in that business, 
would it not be clear that he would have the right, 
by virtue of his executive power, to make such ap- 
pointment ? Should we be authorized, in defiance 
of that clause in the Constitution — ' The executive 
power shall be vested in the President ' — to unite 
the Senate with the President in the appointment 



392 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

to office ? T conceive not. If it is admitted that 
we should not be authorized to do this, I think it 
may be disputed whether we have a right to asso- 
ciate them in removing persons from office, the one 
power being as much of an executive nature as the 
otlier ; and the first one is authorized by being ex- 
cepted out of the general rule established by the 
Constitution in these words : ' The executive power 
shall be vested in the President.' " The question, 
thus ably and exhaustively argued, was decided by 
the House of Representatives, by a vote of thirty- 
four to twenty, in favor of the 23rinciple that the 
executive power of removal is vested by the Consti- 
tution in the Executive, and in the Senate by the 
casting vote of the Yice-President. The question 
has often been raised in subsequent times of high 
excitement, and the practice of the government has 
nevertheless conformed in all cases to the decision 
thus early made. The question was revived during 
the administration of President Jackson, who made, 
as is well recollected, a very large number of re- 
movals, which were made an occasion of close and 
rigorous scrutiny and remonstrance. The subject 
was long and earnestly debated in the Senate, and 
the early construction of the Constitution was 
nevertheless freely accepted as binding and conclu- 
sive upon Congress. 



393 

Chancellor Kent's remarks on the subject are as 
follows : " On the first organization of the Govern- 
ment it was made a question whether the power of 
removal in case of officers appointed to hold at 
pleasure resided nowhere but in the body which ap- 
pointed, and, of course, whether the consent of the 
Senate was not requisite to remove. This was the 
construction given to the Constitution wdiile it was 
pending for ratification before the State conven- 
tions, by the author of the Federalist. But the con- 
struction which was given to the Constitution by 
Congress, after great consideration and discussion, 
was different. The words of the act (establishing 
the Treasury Department) are : ' And whenever the 
same shall be removed from office by the President 
of the United States, or in any other case of va- 
cancy in the office, the assistant shall act.' This 
amounted to a legislative construction of the Con- 
stitution, and it has ever since been acquiesced in 
and acted upon as a decisive authority in the case. 
It applies equally to every other officer of the 
Government appointed by the President, whose 
term of duration is not specially declared. It is 
supported by the weighty reason that the subordi- 
nate officers in the executive department ought to 
hold at the pleasure of the head of the department, 

because he is invested generally with the executive 
17* 



394 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

authority, and tlie participation in that au- 
thority by the Senate was an exception to a 
general principle, and ought to be taken strictly. 
The President is the great responsible officer for the 
faithful execution of the law, and the power of re- 
moval was incidental to that duty, and might often 
be requisite to fulfil it." Thus has the important 
question presented by tins bill been settled, in the 
language of the late Daniel Webster (who, while 
dissenting from it, admitted that it was settled), 
by construction, settled by precedent, settled by 
the practice of the Government, and settled by 
statute. The events of the last war furnished a 
practical confirmation of the wisdom of the Consti- 
tution as it has hitherto been maintained, in many 
of its parts, including that wtich is now the subject 
of consideration. When the war broke out rebel 
enemies, traitore, abettors, and sympathizers were 
found in every department of the Government, as 
well in the civil ser\dce as in the land and naval 
military service. They were found in Congress and 
among the keepers of the Capitol; in foreign 
missions ; in each and all of the executive depart- 
ments ; in the judicial service ; in the Post-office, 
and among the agents for conducting Indian affairs. 
Upon probable suspicion, they were promptly dis- 
placed by my predecessor, so far as they held their 



THE president's VETO. 395 

offices under executive authority, and tlieir duties 
were confided to new and loyal successors. 'No 
complaints against that power or doubts of its wis- 
dom were entertained in any quarter. I sincerely 
trust and believe that no such civil war is likely to 
occur again. I cannot doubt, however, that in 
whatever form, and on whatever occasion, sedition 
can raise an effort to hinder, or embarrass, or defeat, 
the legitimate action of this Government, whether 
by preventing the collection of revenue, or disturb- 
ing the public peace, or separating the States, or 
betraying the country to a foreign enemy, the power 
of removal from office by the Executive, as it has 
heretofore existed and been practised, will be found 
indispensable. Under these circumstances, as a 
depositary of the executive authority of the nation, 
I do not feel at liberty to unite with Congress in 
reversing it by giving my approval to the bill. At 
the eai'ly day when this question was settled, and, 
indeed, at the several periods when it has subse- 
quently been agitated, the success of the Constitu- 
tion of the United States, as a new and peculiar 
system of the free representative government, was 
held doubtful in other countries, and was even a 
subject of patriotic apprehension among the Ameri- 
can people themselves. A trial of nearly eighty 
years, through the vicissitudes of foreign confficta 



396 THE NA'nONAi HAl^D-BOOK. 

and of civil war, is confidently regarded as having 
extinguished all such doubts and apprehensions for 
the future. During that eighty years the people of 
tlie United States have enjoyed a measure of se- 
curity, peace, prosperity, and happiness, never sur- 
passed by any nation. It cannot be doubted that 
the triumphant success of the Constitution is due to 
the wonderful wisdom with which the functions of 
government were distributed between the three 
principal departments — the legislative, the execu- 
tive, and the judicial — and to the fidelity with 
which each has confined itself, or been confined by 
the general voice of the nation, within its peculiar 
and proper sphere. While a just, proper, and 
watchful jealousy of executive power constantly 
prevails, as it ought ever to prevail, yet it is equally 
true that an efiicient Executive, capable, in the 
language of the oath prescribed to the President, 
of executing the laws, and, within the sphere of ex- 
ecutive action, of preserving, protecting, and de- 
fending the Constitution of the United States, is an 
indispensable security for tranquillity at home, and 
peace, honor, and safety abroad. Governments 
have been erected in many countries upon our 
model. If one or many of them have thus far 
failed in fully secm^ing to their people the benefits 
Avhich we have derived from our system, it may be 



THE PEESIDENT'S VETO. 39 T 

confidently asserted that tlieir misfortune has re- 
sulted from their unfortunate failure to maintain the 
integrity of each of the three great departments 
while preserving harmony among them all. Hav- 
ing at an early period accepted the Constitution in 
regard to the executive office in the sense in which 
it was interpreted with the concm-rence of its founds 
ers, I have found no sufficient grounds in the argu- 
ments now opposed to that construction, or in any 
assumed necessity of the times, for changing those 
opinions. For these reasons I return the bill to the 
Senate, in which House it originated, for the fur- 
ther consideration of Congress which the Constitu- 
tion prescribes. Insomuch as the several parts of 
the bill which I have not considered are matters 
chiefly of detail, and are based altogether upon 
the theory of the Constitution from which I am 
obliged to dissent, I have not thought it necessary 
to examine them with a view" to make them an oc- 
casion of distinct and special objections. When- 
ever administration fails, or seems to fail, in secur- 
ing any of the great ends for wdiich republican 
government is established, the proper course seems 
to be to renew the original spirit and forms of the 
Constitution itself. 

Washington, March 2, 1867. 



S98 THE NATIONAL HANB-BOOK. 



THE BANZEUPTOY ACT. 



THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS: 

An Act to establish a uniform System of Bankruptcy through- 
out the United States. 

The district com-ts of the United States are consti- 
tuted courts of bankruptcy under tliis act, in all mat- 
ters under, or growing out of wliicli, they have 
original jurisdiction. They are always open for 
business under this act, and the powers of the judge 
in vacation, and when sitting in chambers, are the 
same as when sitting in court and in term time. 
They may be held in any part of the district. The 
circuit courts have also a general supervision of all 
cases under this act, and may be appealed to from 
the district courts, with which they have also concur- 
rent jurisdiction in all cases wherein the assignee in 
bankruptcy is a party ; but no claim can be main- 
tained by or against an assignee touching the bank- 



THE BANKEUPTCT ACT. 399 

rupt's property after the lapse of two years. One or 
jiio^^e registers shall be appointed in each Congres- 
sional district, whose duty it is to act in the place of 
the judge in all merely administrative and uncon- 
tested cases. Bankruptcy may be either voluntary 
or involuntary. The debtor may assume voluntary 
bankruptcy if his debts exceed three hundred dol- 
lars, by filing a petition, setting forth his debts, an 
inventory of all his possessions, and a declaration of 
willingness to give them up to his creditors. A 
waiTant then issues from the court appointing a 
time and place for a meeting of the creditors. At 
tills meeting an assignee or assignees are chosen, sub- 
ject to the approval of the court, to whom is deliv- 
ered all the property of the bankrupt, except that 
specifically exempted. The assignee possesses all 
the powers for recovering debts due the debtor, 
w^hich the latter would otherwise have possessed. 
The court may examine the bankrupt, or the wife of 
the bankrupt, on oath, or any person who may be 
able to give evidence on any matter pertaining to 
the bankrupt's affairs, and may compel their attend- 
ance. All claims against the bankrupt must be duly 
verified in writing and on oath. Those wdiich ar i 
approved are registered by the assignee, and all 
creditors, whose claims are allowed, are entitled to 
share in the bankrupt's estate, pro ratd^ no priority 



400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of claim being allowed except for tlie wages of cer- 
tain servants. At the expiration of each three 
months after the adjudication of bankruptcy, the ap- 
proved creditors may receive dividends on their 
claims ; and after all claims have been decided nj^on, 
and the assignee's accounts have been approved by 
the court, all expenses of the proceedings are paid 
from the portion of the estate remaining in the 
hands of the assignee, and the residue divided 
finally among the creditors. After six months from 
the adjudication of bankruptcy, the bankrupt may 
receive a discharge from all previous debts honestly 
contracted by and due from him, provided there has 
been no fraud on his part in the proceedings. Any 
conveyance or transfer of property made by the 
debtor to a preferred creditor, in view of insolvency, 
within four months before the filing of a petition in 
bankruptcy, is void ; and the creditor who, knowing 
the facts, receives such conveyance, forfeits all share 
in the bankrupt's estate, and also double the value 
of the money or property so obtained, which is re- 
coverable by the assignee for the benefit of the es- 
tate. A partnership or firm may be made bankrupt 
by the filing of a petition by any member, when not 
only the joint property, but the separate estates ot 
each member of the firm is taken by the assignee. 
Separate accounts are kept by the assignee, who 



THE BANKRUrXCY ACT. 401 

pays the private debts of each member from his 
own estate, and the balance is added to the joint 
stoclv for the beneiit of the creditors of tlie firm, if 
the property of the firm shall not have been sufii- 
cient to liquidate the claims against it. A certifi- 
cate of discharge is given or refused to each partner 
according to the merits of his individual case. 
Where partners reside in different districts, jurisdic- 
tion is in that district where the petition is first 
filed. Involuntary bankruptcy may be forced upon 
any debtor who has committed certain acts of ac- 
tual or constructive fraud, by which he is deemed to 
have committed an act of bankruptcy, on the peti- 
tion of any one of his creditors whose debt amounts 
to $250. If the debtor so demand, the question of 
fact as to the alleged act of bankruptcy may be 
tried by a jury ; and if the allegatioiis in the ques- 
tion be maintained, or if the debtor allow the mat- 
ter to go by default, a w^arrant of bankruptcy issues, 
and the estate of the bankrupt is settled in a manner 
similar to that in a case of voluntary bankruptcy. 
Fines and imprisonment are decreed against either 
bankrupts or officers who are guilty of fraud or of- 
fences under this act. [March 2, 1867.] 



TABLE OF STATES AND TEEEITORIES. 



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TABLE OF STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



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406 THE NATIONAL HAHD-BOOK. 

POPULAE AND ELEOTOEAL 



STATES. 



1860. 



Rep 
Lincoln. 



Dem. 

Douj^las. 



Dem. 

Breckenridge 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

Mieliigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi . . . . 

l*Iissouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 
New Jersey . . . 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island . . 
South CaroHna . 

Teun.essee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Yirginia 

"West Virginia . . 
Wisconsin 

Total 



39,1'<3 

43,792 

3,815 



17-2,161 
139,033 

70,409 

1,364 

62,811 

2,294 

106,533 

88,480 

22,0(59 

17,028 



37,519 

58,324 

362,646 

231,610 

5,270 

268,030 

12,244 

Electors 



83,808 
1,929 

86,iio 



13,651 

5,227 

38,516 

15,522 

1,023 

367 

11,590 

160,215 

115,509 

65,111 

25,651 

7,625 

26,693 

5,966 

34,372 

65,057 

11,920 

8,283 

58,801 



25,881 

62,801 

312,510 

2,701 

187.232 

3,951 

16,765 

7,707 

chosen by 

11,350 

6,849 
16,290 

65,021 



1,866,452 



1,375,157 



48,831 
28,732 
34,3^;4 
14,641 

7.337 

8,543 
51,889 

2,404 
12,295 

1,048 

53,143 

22,H81 

6,368 

42,482 

5,989 

805 

748 

40,797 

31,317 



2,112 



48,539 
11,405 

5,006 

178,871 

the Legis- 

64,709 

47,548 

218 

74,323 



847,953 



lu 1864, wh. vote, 4,000,850 ; Line's maj ., 406,812.— Li 1860, wh.vote, 4,680,193 ; Line. ov. 



POPULAil AND ELECTORAL VOTES. 



40^ 



VOTES FOE PEESIDENT. 



ELECTORAL VOTES. 


1864. 


ELECTORAL VOTES. 










Eep. 


Dem. 






Line. 


Doug. 


Breck. 


Bell. 


Lincoln. 


McClellan. 


Lincoln. 


McCleirn 


i:::: 

4 




9 
4 




58,698 


42,255 


"5 


.... 


6 




.... 




44,691 


42,285 


6 




.... 




3 

3 

10 




8,155 


8,767 





'3 


'.'..'. 










'.'/.'. 


.... 


14 




.... 




189,496 


158*, 730 


"u 


.... 


13 




.... 




150,238 


130,233 


13 


.... 


4 




.... 




89,075 


49,596 


8 


.... 


.... 




. . . - 




16,441 


3,691 


3 


.... 


.... 




a 


12 


26,592 


61,478 




11 


'"s 




D 




61,803 


44,211 


*'*7 


..'.'. 


.... 




'**8 




40,153 


82,739 


7 


.... 


13 




.... 




126,742 


48,745 


12 





6 








85,352 


67,370 


8 


.... 


4 




7 




25,060 


17,375 


4 


.... 


.... 






T 1,67 6 


31,626 


*'ii 





«... 




.... 




9,826 


6,594 


'"'3 


.'..'. 


5 








36,400 


32,871 


5 


.... 


.... 




.... 




60,723 


68,024 




' 7 


35 









368,735 


361,986 


■*33 





. . . ■. 




10 . 










.... 


23 




.... 




264,975 


205,557 


21 





3 




.... 




9,888 


8,457 


3 


.... 


27 









296,391 


276,316 


26 


.... 


4 




.... 




13,692 


8,470 


4 


.... 







8 la 


iture. 
12 













.... 




4 




.... 


• . . . 


.... 




5 




.... 




42,419 


13,321 


5 




.... 






15 


.... 


.... 




.... 


.... 








23,152 


10,438 


5 


.... 


5 







... 


83,458 


65,884 


8 


.... 


119 


16 


72 


89 


2,203,831 


1,797,019 


213 


21 



491,275; ov. Breck., 1,018,500; ov. Bell, 1,275,821 ; all others ov. Line, 947,S 



408 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



POPULAE AND ELEOTOEAL VOTE TOE PEESIDEl^TT, 





186S. 




Rep. 
Grant. 


Dem. 
Seymom-. 


Rep. 
Majority. 


Alabama 


76,366 
22,152 
54,592 
50,996 
7,623 

57,134 

250,293 

176,552 

120,399 

31,046 

39,569 

33,263 

70,426 

30,438 

136,477 

128,550 

43,542 

85,671 

9,729 

6,480 

38,191 

80,121 

419,883 
96,226 

280,128 
10,961 

342,280 
12,903 
62,301 
56,757 

44,167 

29,025 

108,857 


72,086 
19,078 
54,078 
47,951 
10,980 

102,822 

199,143 

166,980 

74,040 

14,019 

115,889 

80,225 

42,396 

62,357 

59,408 

97,069 

28,072 

59,788 

5,439 

5,218 

31,224 

83,001 

429,883 

84,090 

238,700 

11,125 

313,382 

6,548 

45,237 

36,311 

12,045 

20,306 
84,710 


4,280 


Arkansas 


3,074 


California 


514 


Connecticut 


3,045 
*3,357 

*45,688 


Delaware 

Florida [by Legislature] . . 
Georgia 


Illinois 


51,150 


Indiana 


9,572 


Iowa. . 


46,359 


Kansas 


17,030 


Kentucky 


* 76, 323 


Louisiana. ... 


*46,962 


Maine 


28,030 


Maryland 


*31,919 


Massachusetts 


77,069 


Michigan. . . . .... 


31,481 


Minnesota, 


15,470 

25,883 
4,290 


Mississippi [no vote] 

Missouri 


Nebraska . . . , 


Nevada 


1,262 


New HampsMre. 


6,967 

*2,880 


New Jersey 


New York 


*10,000 


North Carolina 


12,136 


Ohio 


41,428 


Oregon 


*164 


Pennsylvania. . . . 


28,898 


Rhode Island 


6,445 


South Carolina 


17,064 


Tennessee 


30,446 


Texas [no vote] 




Vermont 


32,122 

8,719 


Virginia [no vote] 

West Virginia 


Wisconsin 


24,447 






Total 


3,013,188 

52.71 


2,703,600 

47.29 


309,588 


Per cent 


5,42 







* Democratic majorities. 
Electoral vote— Ulyssea S. Grant, 214 ; Horatio Seymour, 80. 



THE GREELEY AND BKOWN PLATFOKM„ 



409 



THE GREELEY AND BROWN PLATFORM. 



We, the Liberal Republicans 
of the United States, in National 
Convention assembled at Cin- 
cinnati, proclaim the following 
principles as essential to just 
government : CincirmaU, 
M, 1872. 



We, the Democratic electors of 
the United States, in Convention 
assembled, do present the fol- 
lowing principles, already adopt- 
ed at Cincinnati, as essential to 
just government : Baltimore^ 
July }Ot?t, 1872. 



First : We recognize the equality of all men be- 
fore the law, and hold that it is the duty of Govern- 
ment, in its dealings with the people, to mete out 
equal and exact justice to all, of whatever nativity, 
race, color, or persuasion, religious or political. 

Second : We pledge ourselves to maintain the 
Union of these States, emancipation and enfranchise- 
ment, and to oppose any reopening of tlie questions 
settled by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth 
Amendments to the Constitution. 

Third : We demand the immediate and absolute 
removal of all disabilities imposed on account of 
the Kebellion, which was finally subdued seven 
years ago, believing that universal anmesty will re- 
sult in complete pacification in all sections of the 
country. 



410 THE GREELEY AND BROWN TLATFORM. 

Fourth : Local self-government, with impartial 
suffrage, will guard the rights of all citizens more 
securely than any centralized power. The public 
welfare requires the supremacy of the civil over the 
military authority, and freedom of person under the 
protection of the habeas corpus. We demand for 
the individual the largest liberty consistent with 
public order ; for the State, self-government, and 
for the nation a return to the methods of peace and 
the constitutional limitations of power. 

Fifth: The Civil Service of the Government 
has become a mere instrument of partisan tyranny 
and personal ambition, and an object of selfish greed. 
It is a scandal and reproach upon free institutions, 
and breeds a demoralization dangerous to the per- 
petuity of republican government. AYe therefore 
regard such thorough reforms of the Civil Service 
as one of the most pressing necessities of the hour ; 
that honesty, capacity, and fidelity constitute the 
onlj^ valid claim to public employment ; that the 
ofiices of the Government cease to be a matter of 
arbitrary favoritism and patronage, and that public 
station become again a post of honor. To this end 
it is imperatively required that no President shall be 
a candidate for re-election. 

Sixth : We demand a system of Federal taxation 
which shall not unnecessarily interfere with the in- 
dustry of the people, and which shall provide the 
means necessary to pay the expenses of the Govern- 
ment economically administered, the pensions, the 



THE GKEELEl AND BROWN PLATFORM. 411 

interest on the public debt, and a moderate reduc- 
tion annually of the principal thereof ; and, recog- 
nizing that there are in our midst honest but irrecon- 
cilable differences of opinion with regard to the 
respective systems of Protection and Free Trade, we 
remit the discussion of the subject to the people in 
their Congress Districts, and to the decision of Con- 
gress thereon, wholly free of Executive interference 
or dictation. 

Seventh : The public credit must be sacredly 
maintained, and we denounce repudiation in every 
form and guise. 

Eighth : A speedy return to specie payment is 
demanded alike by the highest considerations of 
commercial morality and honest government. 

Ninth : We remember with gratitude the hero- 
ism and sacrifices (~)f the soldiers and sailors af the 
Repul)lic, and no acts of ours shall ever detract from 
their justly earned fame, or the full reward of their 
patriotism. 

Tenth : We are opposed to all further grants of 
lands if^ railroads or other corporations. The public 
domain should be held sacred to actual settlers. 

Eleventh : We hold that it is tlie duty of the 
Government in intercourse with foreign nations, to 
cultivate the friendship of peace, by treating with 
all on fair and equal terms, regarding it alike dis- 
honorable either to demand what is not right, or to 
submit to what is wrong. 



412 THE GREELEY ANB BROWN PLATFORM. 

Twelfth : For the promotion and success of these- 
vital principles, and the support of the candidates 
nominated by this Convention, w^e invite and cor- 
dially welcome the co-operation of all patriotic citi- 
zens, without regard to previous affiliations. 



THTE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFORM. 413 



THE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFORM. 



Adopted by the Repuhlioan National Contention 
held at PMladelphm^ June 5 and 6, 1872. 

The Republican party of the XlDited States, assem- 
bled in National Convention in the city of Philadel- 
phia on the 5th and 6tli days of June, 1872, again 
declares its faith, appeals to its history, and announces 
its position upon the questions before the country : 

First : During eleven years of supremacy it has ac- 
cepted with grand courage the solemn duties of the 
time. It suppressed a gigantic rebellion, enancipated 
four millions of slaves, decreed the equal citizenship 
of all, and established universal suffrage. Exhibiting 
unparalleled magnanimity, it criminally punished no 
man for political offences, and warmly welcomed all 
who proved their loyalty by obeying the laws and 
dealing justly with their neighbors. It has steadily 
decreased, with a tirm hand, the resultant disorders 
of a great war, and initiated a wise policy toward 
the Indians. The Pacific Railroad and similar vast 
enterprises have been generally aided and successfully 
conducted, the public lands freely given to actual set- 
lers, immigration protected and encouraged, and a full 



414 THE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFOKM. 

acknowledgment of naturalized citizens' rights secured 
from European Powers. A uniform national cur- 
rency has been provided, repudiation frowned down^ 
the national credit sustained under most extraordina- 
ry burdens, and new bonds negotiated at lower rates. 
The revenues have been carefull}^ collected and hon- 
estly- applied. Despite the annual large reductions 
of rates of taxation, the public debt has been reduced 
during General (xrant's Presidency at the rate of 
one hundred millions a year. A great financial crisis 
has been avoided, and peace and plenty prevail 
throughout the land. Menacing foreign difficulties 
have been peacefully and honorably compromised, 
and the honor and power of the nation kept in high 
respect throughout the world. This glorious record 
of the past is the party's best pledge for the future. 
We believe the people will not entrust the Govern- 
ment to any party or combination of men composed 
chiefly of those who have i-esisted eveiy step of this 
beneficial progress. 

Seco7id : Complete liberty and exact ecpiality in 
the enjoyment of all civil, political, and public rights 
should be established and effectually maintained 
throughout the Union by efficient and appropriate 
State and Federal leo-islation. Xeither the law nor 
its administration should admit of any discrimination 
in respect of citizenship by reason of race, creed, 
color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Third : The i-ecent amendments to the i^ational 
Constitution should be cordially sustained because 
they are right, not mei-ely tolerated because they 



THE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFORM. 415 

are law ; and should be carried out accordiug to their 
spirit by appropriate legislation, the enforcement of 
which can be safely trusted only to the })arty that 
secured those amendments. 

Fov/vth : The National Government should seek to 
maintain an honorable peace with all nations, pro- 
tecting its citizens everywhere, and sympathizing 
with all peoples who strive for greater liberty. 

Fifth: Any system of the Civil Service under 
whidi the subordinated positions of the Government 
are considered rewards for mere party zeal, is fatally 
demoralizing ; and we therefore favor a reform of 
the system by laws which shall abolish the evils of 
patronage, and make honesty, efficiency, and fidelity 
the essential qualifications for public position, with- 
out practically creating a life-tenure of office. 

Sixth: We are opposed to further grants of the 
public lands to corporations and monopolies, and de- 
mand that the National domain be set apart for free 
liomes for the people. 

Seventh: The annual revenues, after paying the 
current debts, should furnish a moderate balance for 
the reduction of the principal, and the revenue, ex- 
cept so much as may be derived from a tax on tobacco 
and liquors, be raised by duties upon importations ; 
the duties of which should be so adjusted as to aid in 
securing remunerative wages to labor, and promote 
the industries, gi-owth, and prosperity of the whole 
country. 

Eighth: We hold in undying honor the soldiers 
and sailors whose valor saved the Union ; their pen- 



4rl6 THE GEANT AND WILSON PLATFOKM. 

sions are a sacred debt of the nation, and the widows 
and orphans ©f those who died for their country are 
entitled to the care of a generous and grateful peo- 
ple. We favor such additional legislation as will ex- 
tend the bounty of the Government to all our soldiers 
and sailors who where honorably discharged, and 
who in line of duty became disabled, without regard 
to the length of service or the cause of such dis- 
charge. 

Ninth : The doctrine of Gi-eat Bi'itain and other 
European Powers concerning allegiance — ^* once a 
subject, always a subject " — having at last, through 
the efforts of the Hepnblican party, been abandoned, 
and the American idea of the individual's right to 
transfer his allegiance having been accepted by 
European nations, it is the duty of our Government 
to guard with jealous care the rights of adopted cit- 
izens against the assumption of unauthorized claims 
by their former governments ; and we urge the con- 
tinual and careful encoumgement and protection of 
v<,»luntary immigratioTi. 

Tenth: The franking privilege ought to be abol- 
ished, and the way prepared for a speedy reduction 
in the rate of postage. 

Eleventh: Among the questions which press for 
attention is that which concerns the relations of cap- 
ital and labor ; and the Republican part}- recognize 
the duty of so shaping legislation as to secure full 
protection and the ablest iield for capital ; and for 
labor — the creator of capital — the largest opportuni- 



THE GRANT AND AVILSON PLATFORM. 417 

ties and a just share of the mutual profits of those 
two great servants of ciyilization. 

Tioelfth : We hold that Congress and the Presi- 
dent have only fulfilled an imperative duty in their 
measures for the suppression of violent and treasona- 
ble organizations in certain lately rebellious regions, 
and for the protecition of the ballot- l)Ox ; and there- 
fore they are entitled to the thanks of the nation. 

Thirteeiith: We denounce repudiation of the pub- 
lic debt, in any form or disguise, as a national crime. 
We witness with pride the reduction of the principal 
of the debt, and of the rates of interest upon the 
balance ; and confidently expect that onr excellent 
national cuiTency will l)e perfected by a speedy 
resumption of specie ]:»ayment. 

FoitTteenth: The Republican party is mindful of 
its obligations to the loyal women of America for 
their noble devotion to the cause of freedom. Their 
admission to wider fields of usefulness is received* 
with satisfaction, and the honest demands of any 
class of citizens for additional rights should be treat- 
ed with respectful coiisidei-ation. 

Fifteenth : We heartily approve the action of Con- 
gress in extending amnesty to those lately in rebel- 
lion, and rejoice in the growth of peace and fraternal 
feeling throughout the land. 

Sixteenth: The Republican party propose to re- 
spect the rights i-eserved by the people to themselves 
as carefully as the }X)wers delegated by them to the 



418 THE GRANT AND M^ILSON PLATFORM. 

State and to the Federal government. It disapproves 
of the resort to unconstitutional laws for the pur- 
pose of removing evils by interference with rights 
not surrendered by the people to either the State or 
National Government. 

Seventeenth : It is the duty of the General Govern- 
ment to adopt such measures as will tend to encourage 
American commerce and ship-building. 

Eighteenth: We believe that the modest patriot- 
ism, the earnest purpose, the sound judgment, the 
practical wisdom, the incorruptible integrity, and 
the illustrious services of Ulysses S. Grant have 
commended him to the heart of the American people ; 
and with him at our head we start to-day upon a 
new march to victory. 

Wineteeenth: That the speedy restoration of our 
foreign commerce, and navigation and ship-building 
is vital to the honor as it is essential to the security 
of the nation ; and that a vigorous maritime policy 
which shall secure employment for our ships, by 
making the American-built ship the preferred vehi- 
cle of commerce with foreign countries the same as 
with the States of the Union, is alone adequate to 
the emergency. 




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